Some specially imaging of magnetic resonance imaging,the diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI),the diffusion tensor imaging and fractional anisotropy(FA),are useful to described,detect,and map the extent of spinal cord lesi...Some specially imaging of magnetic resonance imaging,the diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI),the diffusion tensor imaging and fractional anisotropy(FA),are useful to described,detect,and map the extent of spinal cord lesions.FA measurements may are used to predicting the outcome of patients who have spinal cord lesions.Fiber tracking enable to visualizing the integrity of white matter tracts surrounding some lesions,and this information could be used to formulating a differential diagnosis and planning biopsies or resection.In this article,we will describe the current uses for DWI and fiber tracking and speculate on others in which we believe these techniques will be useful in the future.展开更多
The cerebellum plays a key role in movement control and in cognition and cerebellar involvement is described in several neurodegenerative diseases.While conventional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is widely used for ...The cerebellum plays a key role in movement control and in cognition and cerebellar involvement is described in several neurodegenerative diseases.While conventional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is widely used for brain and cerebellar morphologic evaluation,advanced MRI techniques allow the investigation of cerebellar microstructural and functional characteristics.Volumetry,voxel-based morphometry,diffusion MRI based fiber tractography,resting state and task related functional MRI,perfusion,and proton MR spectroscopy are among the most common techniques applied to the study of cerebellum.In the present review,after providing a brief description of each technique's advantages and limitations,we focus on their application to the study of cerebellar injury in major neurodegenerative diseases,such as multiple sclerosis,Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease and hereditary ataxia.A brief introduction to the pathological substrate of cerebellar involvement is provided for each disease,followed by the review of MRI studies exploring structural and functional cerebellar abnormalities and by a discussion of the clinical relevance of MRI measures of cerebellar damage in terms of both clinical status and cognitive performance.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Previous studies have analyzed cerebral activation and lateralization of cognitive functions, as well as cerebellar function with reference to high-level cognitive processing. However, there has been very...BACKGROUND： Previous studies have analyzed cerebral activation and lateralization of cognitive functions, as well as cerebellar function with reference to high-level cognitive processing. However, there has been very little research on systematization and diversification. In particular, there are no reports on cerebellar lateralization, although reliable results have been reported on cerebral lateralization. OBJECTIVE： This study analyzed cerebellar activation and lateralization in relation to verbal and visuospatial tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A block design for fMRI observation was performed at the fMRI Laboratory, Brain Science Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology from May 2006 to September 2008. PARTICIPANTS： Sixteen healthy, male, college students, aged （23.3 ± 0.5） years, and 16 healthy, male, college students, aged （21.5 ± 2.3） years, participated in the study, respectively. METHODS： Verbal and visuospatial tasks were presented while functional brain images were acquired using a 3T fMRI system. Verbal analogy testing required the subject to select the word with the same relationship as one of the given words. Verbal antonym testing required the subject to select the word with a different meaning among four words. Visuospatial tasks involved selecting a shape that corresponded to a given figure with four examples, as well as selecting a development figure of a diagram. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes in cerebellar activation and lateralization between two cognition tasks. RESULTS： Bilateral hemisphere Iobules VI and IX, right hemisphere Iobule VIII, bilateral hemisphere Iobules Crus I, and vermis Iobule IV, V, and Vl were closely related to verbal tasks in comparison to visuospatial tasks. Conversely, bilateral hemisphere Iobules IV and V, as well as the right hemisphere Iobule VI, were closely related to visuospatial tasks compared to verbal tasks. There was no great difference between the number of activated voxels in the cerebellums during the tasks, and cerebellar lateralization was not observed. CONCLUSION： In the cerebellum, the activation region, but not lateralization, was different between verbal and visuospatial tasks.展开更多
目的:探究多参数磁共振成像(multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging,mp-MRI)在小儿毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2018年9月至2023年9月医院收治30例疑似毛细胞型星形细胞瘤患儿临床资料。患儿入院后均接受磁共...目的:探究多参数磁共振成像(multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging,mp-MRI)在小儿毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2018年9月至2023年9月医院收治30例疑似毛细胞型星形细胞瘤患儿临床资料。患儿入院后均接受磁共振成像技术(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)检查,疾病得到病理诊断证实。以病理诊断结果为“金标准”评估常规MRI(T1WI+T2WI)、双参数MRI(biparametric magnetic resonance imaging,bp-MRI)(T1WI+T2WI+DWI)、mp-MRI(T1WI+T2WI+DWI+DSC-PWI)对小儿毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的诊断效能,并进行对比分析。结果:病理诊断结果显示30例患儿中24例为小儿毛细胞型星形细胞瘤;常规MRI、bp-MR、mp-MRI对小儿毛细胞型星形细胞瘤诊断的阳性预测值分别为73.68%、90.00%、95.83%,阴性预测值分别为9.09%、40.00%、83.33%,灵敏度分别为58.33%、75.00%、95.83%,特异度分别为16.67%、66.67%、83.33%,准确度分别为50.00%、73.33%、93.33%;三组方法灵敏度、准确度差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:小儿毛细胞型星形细胞瘤临床诊断过程中,采用mp-MRI可获取较高诊断效能,可为患儿精准治疗提供可靠影像学检查依据。展开更多
Objective: To investigate the characteristics of vascular lesions in patients with a cerebellar watershed infarction. Methods: Clinical data from 178 cases of cerebellar infarction were collected with magnetic resonan...Objective: To investigate the characteristics of vascular lesions in patients with a cerebellar watershed infarction. Methods: Clinical data from 178 cases of cerebellar infarction were collected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan results, including diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), a magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and computed tomography angiography (CTA). The cases were divided into cerebellar watershed and non-watershed infarctions based on lesion location, which was revealed by DWI. Forty-two cases met the criteria for a cerebellar watershed infarction. Based on the MRA/CTA results, the vertebrobasilar artery stenoses were divided into four categories (i.e., intracranial, extracranial, combined, and no detectable stenosis) to compare the vascular lesion characteristics from patients with a cerebellar watershed infarction and patients with a non-watershed infarction. Results: Patients with cerebellar watershed infarcts presented mild symptoms at onset and had a favorable prognosis. However, 90.5% of these patients had a vascular stenosis, which was higher than for patients with a cerebellar non-watershed infarction (74.3%). The four types of vascular lesions, intracranial, extracranial, combined, and no detectable stenosis, were 14.3%, 52.4%, 23.8%, and 9.5% in patients with a cerebellar watershed infarction and 33.8%, 16.2%, 24.3%, and 25.7% in patients with a non-watershed cerebellar infarction, respectively. Conclusion: Although patients with cerebellar watershed infarcts often had comparatively benign clinical manifestations and prognoses, such patients also had a high stenosis prevalence in major blood vessels, especially the extracranial segment in the vertebral artery, which required early intervention and treatment.展开更多
Recent studies have demonstrated a new role for Klf10, a Krüppel-like transcription factor, in skeletal muscle, specifically relating to mitochondrial function. Thus, it was of interest to analyze additional tiss...Recent studies have demonstrated a new role for Klf10, a Krüppel-like transcription factor, in skeletal muscle, specifically relating to mitochondrial function. Thus, it was of interest to analyze additional tissues that are highly reliant on optimal mitochondrial function such as the cerebellum and to decipher the role of Klf10 in the functional and structural properties of this brain region. In vivo (magnetic resonance imaging and localized spectroscopy, behavior analysis) and in vitro (histology, spectroscopy analysis, enzymatic activity) techniques were applied to comprehensively assess the cerebellum of wild type (WT) and Klf10 knockout (KO) mice. Histology analysis and assessment of locomotion revealed no significant difference in Klf10 KO mice. Diffusion and texture results obtained using MRI revealed structural changes in KO mice characterized as defects in the organization of axons. These modifications may be explained by differences in the levels of specific metabolites (myo-inositol, lactate) within the KO cerebellum. Loss of Klf10 expression also led to changes in mitochondrial activity as reflected by a significant increase in the activity of citrate synthase, complexes I and IV. In summary, this study has provided evidence that Klf10 plays an important role in energy production and mitochondrial function in the cerebellum.展开更多
The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） to study the activated site in the cerebellum during bi-hand movement and uni-hand movement, and the lateralization of the cerebellum in hand movem...The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） to study the activated site in the cerebellum during bi-hand movement and uni-hand movement, and the lateralization of the cerebellum in hand movement. The coordinates of the peak activation in the CRB were compared using statistical tests, and the results in the primary motor cortex （PMC） were presented as comparison. The results showed a significant difference in cerebellum during bi-hand movement comparing the right-handed with the left-handed subjects. When comparing the right-handed subjects and left-handed subjects during right-hand movement, the significantly different coordinate in dorsal/ventral orientation was observed. The results also showed the different activated site during bi-hand movement and non-dominant hand movement. Our study took the point of view of the lateralization in cerebellum, and the results demonstrated the different site of the peak activation in cerebellum during bi-hand movement and uni-hand movement, which suggested that the handedness also existed in the cerebellum.展开更多
文摘Some specially imaging of magnetic resonance imaging,the diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI),the diffusion tensor imaging and fractional anisotropy(FA),are useful to described,detect,and map the extent of spinal cord lesions.FA measurements may are used to predicting the outcome of patients who have spinal cord lesions.Fiber tracking enable to visualizing the integrity of white matter tracts surrounding some lesions,and this information could be used to formulating a differential diagnosis and planning biopsies or resection.In this article,we will describe the current uses for DWI and fiber tracking and speculate on others in which we believe these techniques will be useful in the future.
文摘The cerebellum plays a key role in movement control and in cognition and cerebellar involvement is described in several neurodegenerative diseases.While conventional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is widely used for brain and cerebellar morphologic evaluation,advanced MRI techniques allow the investigation of cerebellar microstructural and functional characteristics.Volumetry,voxel-based morphometry,diffusion MRI based fiber tractography,resting state and task related functional MRI,perfusion,and proton MR spectroscopy are among the most common techniques applied to the study of cerebellum.In the present review,after providing a brief description of each technique's advantages and limitations,we focus on their application to the study of cerebellar injury in major neurodegenerative diseases,such as multiple sclerosis,Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease and hereditary ataxia.A brief introduction to the pathological substrate of cerebellar involvement is provided for each disease,followed by the review of MRI studies exploring structural and functional cerebellar abnormalities and by a discussion of the clinical relevance of MRI measures of cerebellar damage in terms of both clinical status and cognitive performance.
文摘BACKGROUND： Previous studies have analyzed cerebral activation and lateralization of cognitive functions, as well as cerebellar function with reference to high-level cognitive processing. However, there has been very little research on systematization and diversification. In particular, there are no reports on cerebellar lateralization, although reliable results have been reported on cerebral lateralization. OBJECTIVE： This study analyzed cerebellar activation and lateralization in relation to verbal and visuospatial tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A block design for fMRI observation was performed at the fMRI Laboratory, Brain Science Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology from May 2006 to September 2008. PARTICIPANTS： Sixteen healthy, male, college students, aged （23.3 ± 0.5） years, and 16 healthy, male, college students, aged （21.5 ± 2.3） years, participated in the study, respectively. METHODS： Verbal and visuospatial tasks were presented while functional brain images were acquired using a 3T fMRI system. Verbal analogy testing required the subject to select the word with the same relationship as one of the given words. Verbal antonym testing required the subject to select the word with a different meaning among four words. Visuospatial tasks involved selecting a shape that corresponded to a given figure with four examples, as well as selecting a development figure of a diagram. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes in cerebellar activation and lateralization between two cognition tasks. RESULTS： Bilateral hemisphere Iobules VI and IX, right hemisphere Iobule VIII, bilateral hemisphere Iobules Crus I, and vermis Iobule IV, V, and Vl were closely related to verbal tasks in comparison to visuospatial tasks. Conversely, bilateral hemisphere Iobules IV and V, as well as the right hemisphere Iobule VI, were closely related to visuospatial tasks compared to verbal tasks. There was no great difference between the number of activated voxels in the cerebellums during the tasks, and cerebellar lateralization was not observed. CONCLUSION： In the cerebellum, the activation region, but not lateralization, was different between verbal and visuospatial tasks.
文摘目的:探究多参数磁共振成像(multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging,mp-MRI)在小儿毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2018年9月至2023年9月医院收治30例疑似毛细胞型星形细胞瘤患儿临床资料。患儿入院后均接受磁共振成像技术(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)检查,疾病得到病理诊断证实。以病理诊断结果为“金标准”评估常规MRI(T1WI+T2WI)、双参数MRI(biparametric magnetic resonance imaging,bp-MRI)(T1WI+T2WI+DWI)、mp-MRI(T1WI+T2WI+DWI+DSC-PWI)对小儿毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的诊断效能,并进行对比分析。结果:病理诊断结果显示30例患儿中24例为小儿毛细胞型星形细胞瘤;常规MRI、bp-MR、mp-MRI对小儿毛细胞型星形细胞瘤诊断的阳性预测值分别为73.68%、90.00%、95.83%,阴性预测值分别为9.09%、40.00%、83.33%,灵敏度分别为58.33%、75.00%、95.83%,特异度分别为16.67%、66.67%、83.33%,准确度分别为50.00%、73.33%、93.33%;三组方法灵敏度、准确度差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:小儿毛细胞型星形细胞瘤临床诊断过程中,采用mp-MRI可获取较高诊断效能,可为患儿精准治疗提供可靠影像学检查依据。
文摘Objective: To investigate the characteristics of vascular lesions in patients with a cerebellar watershed infarction. Methods: Clinical data from 178 cases of cerebellar infarction were collected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan results, including diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), a magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and computed tomography angiography (CTA). The cases were divided into cerebellar watershed and non-watershed infarctions based on lesion location, which was revealed by DWI. Forty-two cases met the criteria for a cerebellar watershed infarction. Based on the MRA/CTA results, the vertebrobasilar artery stenoses were divided into four categories (i.e., intracranial, extracranial, combined, and no detectable stenosis) to compare the vascular lesion characteristics from patients with a cerebellar watershed infarction and patients with a non-watershed infarction. Results: Patients with cerebellar watershed infarcts presented mild symptoms at onset and had a favorable prognosis. However, 90.5% of these patients had a vascular stenosis, which was higher than for patients with a cerebellar non-watershed infarction (74.3%). The four types of vascular lesions, intracranial, extracranial, combined, and no detectable stenosis, were 14.3%, 52.4%, 23.8%, and 9.5% in patients with a cerebellar watershed infarction and 33.8%, 16.2%, 24.3%, and 25.7% in patients with a non-watershed cerebellar infarction, respectively. Conclusion: Although patients with cerebellar watershed infarcts often had comparatively benign clinical manifestations and prognoses, such patients also had a high stenosis prevalence in major blood vessels, especially the extracranial segment in the vertebral artery, which required early intervention and treatment.
文摘Recent studies have demonstrated a new role for Klf10, a Krüppel-like transcription factor, in skeletal muscle, specifically relating to mitochondrial function. Thus, it was of interest to analyze additional tissues that are highly reliant on optimal mitochondrial function such as the cerebellum and to decipher the role of Klf10 in the functional and structural properties of this brain region. In vivo (magnetic resonance imaging and localized spectroscopy, behavior analysis) and in vitro (histology, spectroscopy analysis, enzymatic activity) techniques were applied to comprehensively assess the cerebellum of wild type (WT) and Klf10 knockout (KO) mice. Histology analysis and assessment of locomotion revealed no significant difference in Klf10 KO mice. Diffusion and texture results obtained using MRI revealed structural changes in KO mice characterized as defects in the organization of axons. These modifications may be explained by differences in the levels of specific metabolites (myo-inositol, lactate) within the KO cerebellum. Loss of Klf10 expression also led to changes in mitochondrial activity as reflected by a significant increase in the activity of citrate synthase, complexes I and IV. In summary, this study has provided evidence that Klf10 plays an important role in energy production and mitochondrial function in the cerebellum.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 90820006 and 30770590the Key Research Project of Science and Technology of Ministry of Education under Grant No. 107097National 863 Program under Grant No. 2008AA02Z408
文摘The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） to study the activated site in the cerebellum during bi-hand movement and uni-hand movement, and the lateralization of the cerebellum in hand movement. The coordinates of the peak activation in the CRB were compared using statistical tests, and the results in the primary motor cortex （PMC） were presented as comparison. The results showed a significant difference in cerebellum during bi-hand movement comparing the right-handed with the left-handed subjects. When comparing the right-handed subjects and left-handed subjects during right-hand movement, the significantly different coordinate in dorsal/ventral orientation was observed. The results also showed the different activated site during bi-hand movement and non-dominant hand movement. Our study took the point of view of the lateralization in cerebellum, and the results demonstrated the different site of the peak activation in cerebellum during bi-hand movement and uni-hand movement, which suggested that the handedness also existed in the cerebellum.
