Vascular endothelial growth factor and its mimic peptide KLTWQELYQLKYKGI(QK)are widely used as the most potent angiogenic factors for the treatment of multiple ischemic diseases.However,conventional topical drug deliv...Vascular endothelial growth factor and its mimic peptide KLTWQELYQLKYKGI(QK)are widely used as the most potent angiogenic factors for the treatment of multiple ischemic diseases.However,conventional topical drug delivery often results in a burst release of the drug,leading to transient retention(inefficacy)and undesirable diffusion(toxicity)in vivo.Therefore,a drug delivery system that responds to changes in the microenvironment of tissue regeneration and controls vascular endothelial growth factor release is crucial to improve the treatment of ischemic stroke.Matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)is gradually upregulated after cerebral ischemia.Herein,vascular endothelial growth factor mimic peptide QK was self-assembled with MMP-2-cleaved peptide PLGLAG(TIMP)and customizable peptide amphiphilic(PA)molecules to construct nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK.PA-TIMP-QK was found to control the delivery of QK by MMP-2 upregulation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and had a similar biological activity with vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro.The results indicated that PA-TIMP-QK promoted neuronal survival,restored local blood circulation,reduced blood-brain barrier permeability,and restored motor function.These findings suggest that the self-assembling nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK may provide an intelligent drug delivery system that responds to the microenvironment and promotes regeneration and repair after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.展开更多
Houshiheisan is composed of wind-dispelling （chrysanthemun fower, divaricate saposhnikovia root, Manchurian wild ginger, cassia twig, Szechwan lovage rhizome, and platycodon root） and deficiency-nourishing （ginseng...Houshiheisan is composed of wind-dispelling （chrysanthemun fower, divaricate saposhnikovia root, Manchurian wild ginger, cassia twig, Szechwan lovage rhizome, and platycodon root） and deficiency-nourishing （ginseng, Chinese angelica, large-head atractylodes rhizome, Indian bread, and zingiber） drugs. In this study, we assumed these drugs have protective effects against cerebral ischemia, on neurovascular units. Houshiheisan was intragastrically administered in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, transmission electron microscopy, immu- nofluorescence staining, and western blot assays showed that Houshiheisan reduced pathological injury to the ischemic penumbra, protected neurovascular units, visibly up-regtflated neuronal nuclear antigen expression, and down-regulated amyloid precursor protein and amyloid-[3 42 expression. Wind-dispelling and deficiency-nourishing drugs maintained NeuN expression to varying degrees, but did not affect amyloid precursor protein or amyloid-~ 42 expression in the ischemic penumbra. Our results suggest that the compound prescription Houshiheisan effectively suppresses abnormal amyloid precursor protein accumulation, reduces amyloid substance depo- sition, maintains stabilization of the internal environment of neurovascular units, and minimizes injury to neurovascular units in the ischemic penumbra.展开更多
In this manuscript a comprehensive coverage of recent developments in the drug therapy of vasospasm while providing the background information that neuroscientists need to understand its rationale. The range of new ag...In this manuscript a comprehensive coverage of recent developments in the drug therapy of vasospasm while providing the background information that neuroscientists need to understand its rationale. The range of new agents available for treatment of cerebral vasospasm is expanding rapidly along with rapid advances in pharmacology and physiology that are uncovering the mechanisms of this disease. Although there are many publications for treatment of cerebral vaso-spasm, most are focusing on different aspects of vasospasm treatment and many have limited value due to insufficient quality. Moreover, the complexity of this, in many cases deleterious condition, is enormous and the information needed to understand drug effects is accordingly often not readily available in a single source. A number of pharmacological and medical therapies are currently in use or being investigated in an attempt to reverse cerebral vasospasm, but only a few have proven to be useful. Current research efforts promise the eventual production of new medical therapies. At last, recommendations for the use of different treatment stages based on currently available clinical data are provided.展开更多
目的:通过乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)的检测,观察解毒通络药物干预后的脑微血管内皮细胞条件培养液(conditioned medium of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells,CMECs-CM)特征及其抗缺血及再灌皮质神经元损伤的效应...目的:通过乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)的检测,观察解毒通络药物干预后的脑微血管内皮细胞条件培养液(conditioned medium of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells,CMECs-CM)特征及其抗缺血及再灌皮质神经元损伤的效应,探讨脑微血管内皮细胞(cerebral microvascular endothelial cells,CMECs)调控神经元功能的机制。方法:通络救脑注射液(Tongluo Jiunao Injection,TLJNI)作用于正常、缺血和缺血再灌三种培养状态的大鼠CMECs,分别收集有药物干预及无干预的三对无血清内皮细胞条件培养液,并测定其LDH值。同步原代培养大鼠脑皮质神经元,亦分为正常、缺血、缺血再灌三组,用低(10%)、中(50%)、高(100%)三种浓度的各类CMECs-CM分别作用上述三种培养状态的神经元,测定其LDH漏出率。结果:比较TLJNI干预后的CMECs-CM与无干预的CMECs-CM中LDH漏出值,CMECs缺血组与缺血再灌组经药物干预后均明显降低(P<0.01)。对于缺血神经元,缺血内皮细胞条件培养液(conditioned medium of ischemic CMECs,Is-CM)高浓度(100%)和TLJNI干预后的缺血内皮细胞条件培养液(conditioned medium of ischemic CMECs with drug treatment,IsT-CM)高浓度(100%)作用后表现为增加LDH漏出率(P<0.01),而低浓度10%的IsT-CM则降低LDH漏出率(P<0.05);对于缺血再灌神经元,与对照组比较,各类CMECs-CM作用后均能降低神经元LDH漏出率(P<0.05或P<0.01)。比较每种条件液相邻浓度间的效应差异,均以10%或50%的CM降低损伤为佳,正常内皮细胞条件培养液(conditioned medium of normal CMECs,N-CM)及缺血再灌内皮细胞条件培养液(conditioned medium of ischemic/reperfusional CMECs,Rp-CM)组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);对于正常神经元,各类CMECs-CM作用后均增加了神经元LDH漏出率(P<0.05或P<0.01)。比较每种条件液相邻浓度间的效应差异,N-CM组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:TLJNI能够防御CMECs缺血及缺血再灌的损伤,可以通过内皮细胞介导发挥抗缺血及缺血再灌神经元损伤的效应。提示CMECs-CM及TLJNI干预后的CMECs-CM均存在着抗缺血再灌神经元损伤的活性物质。展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2023MC168the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31670989the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,No.2019GSF107037(all to CS).
文摘Vascular endothelial growth factor and its mimic peptide KLTWQELYQLKYKGI(QK)are widely used as the most potent angiogenic factors for the treatment of multiple ischemic diseases.However,conventional topical drug delivery often results in a burst release of the drug,leading to transient retention(inefficacy)and undesirable diffusion(toxicity)in vivo.Therefore,a drug delivery system that responds to changes in the microenvironment of tissue regeneration and controls vascular endothelial growth factor release is crucial to improve the treatment of ischemic stroke.Matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)is gradually upregulated after cerebral ischemia.Herein,vascular endothelial growth factor mimic peptide QK was self-assembled with MMP-2-cleaved peptide PLGLAG(TIMP)and customizable peptide amphiphilic(PA)molecules to construct nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK.PA-TIMP-QK was found to control the delivery of QK by MMP-2 upregulation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and had a similar biological activity with vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro.The results indicated that PA-TIMP-QK promoted neuronal survival,restored local blood circulation,reduced blood-brain barrier permeability,and restored motor function.These findings suggest that the self-assembling nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK may provide an intelligent drug delivery system that responds to the microenvironment and promotes regeneration and repair after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30973782,81373526the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7102014,7122018the Beijing Municipal Higher Learning Institution Talent Teaching Plan"Young and Middle-aged Talented People Training"Project,No.PXM2011014226
文摘Houshiheisan is composed of wind-dispelling （chrysanthemun fower, divaricate saposhnikovia root, Manchurian wild ginger, cassia twig, Szechwan lovage rhizome, and platycodon root） and deficiency-nourishing （ginseng, Chinese angelica, large-head atractylodes rhizome, Indian bread, and zingiber） drugs. In this study, we assumed these drugs have protective effects against cerebral ischemia, on neurovascular units. Houshiheisan was intragastrically administered in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, transmission electron microscopy, immu- nofluorescence staining, and western blot assays showed that Houshiheisan reduced pathological injury to the ischemic penumbra, protected neurovascular units, visibly up-regtflated neuronal nuclear antigen expression, and down-regulated amyloid precursor protein and amyloid-[3 42 expression. Wind-dispelling and deficiency-nourishing drugs maintained NeuN expression to varying degrees, but did not affect amyloid precursor protein or amyloid-~ 42 expression in the ischemic penumbra. Our results suggest that the compound prescription Houshiheisan effectively suppresses abnormal amyloid precursor protein accumulation, reduces amyloid substance depo- sition, maintains stabilization of the internal environment of neurovascular units, and minimizes injury to neurovascular units in the ischemic penumbra.
文摘In this manuscript a comprehensive coverage of recent developments in the drug therapy of vasospasm while providing the background information that neuroscientists need to understand its rationale. The range of new agents available for treatment of cerebral vasospasm is expanding rapidly along with rapid advances in pharmacology and physiology that are uncovering the mechanisms of this disease. Although there are many publications for treatment of cerebral vaso-spasm, most are focusing on different aspects of vasospasm treatment and many have limited value due to insufficient quality. Moreover, the complexity of this, in many cases deleterious condition, is enormous and the information needed to understand drug effects is accordingly often not readily available in a single source. A number of pharmacological and medical therapies are currently in use or being investigated in an attempt to reverse cerebral vasospasm, but only a few have proven to be useful. Current research efforts promise the eventual production of new medical therapies. At last, recommendations for the use of different treatment stages based on currently available clinical data are provided.
文摘目的:通过乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)的检测,观察解毒通络药物干预后的脑微血管内皮细胞条件培养液(conditioned medium of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells,CMECs-CM)特征及其抗缺血及再灌皮质神经元损伤的效应,探讨脑微血管内皮细胞(cerebral microvascular endothelial cells,CMECs)调控神经元功能的机制。方法:通络救脑注射液(Tongluo Jiunao Injection,TLJNI)作用于正常、缺血和缺血再灌三种培养状态的大鼠CMECs,分别收集有药物干预及无干预的三对无血清内皮细胞条件培养液,并测定其LDH值。同步原代培养大鼠脑皮质神经元,亦分为正常、缺血、缺血再灌三组,用低(10%)、中(50%)、高(100%)三种浓度的各类CMECs-CM分别作用上述三种培养状态的神经元,测定其LDH漏出率。结果:比较TLJNI干预后的CMECs-CM与无干预的CMECs-CM中LDH漏出值,CMECs缺血组与缺血再灌组经药物干预后均明显降低(P<0.01)。对于缺血神经元,缺血内皮细胞条件培养液(conditioned medium of ischemic CMECs,Is-CM)高浓度(100%)和TLJNI干预后的缺血内皮细胞条件培养液(conditioned medium of ischemic CMECs with drug treatment,IsT-CM)高浓度(100%)作用后表现为增加LDH漏出率(P<0.01),而低浓度10%的IsT-CM则降低LDH漏出率(P<0.05);对于缺血再灌神经元,与对照组比较,各类CMECs-CM作用后均能降低神经元LDH漏出率(P<0.05或P<0.01)。比较每种条件液相邻浓度间的效应差异,均以10%或50%的CM降低损伤为佳,正常内皮细胞条件培养液(conditioned medium of normal CMECs,N-CM)及缺血再灌内皮细胞条件培养液(conditioned medium of ischemic/reperfusional CMECs,Rp-CM)组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);对于正常神经元,各类CMECs-CM作用后均增加了神经元LDH漏出率(P<0.05或P<0.01)。比较每种条件液相邻浓度间的效应差异,N-CM组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:TLJNI能够防御CMECs缺血及缺血再灌的损伤,可以通过内皮细胞介导发挥抗缺血及缺血再灌神经元损伤的效应。提示CMECs-CM及TLJNI干预后的CMECs-CM均存在着抗缺血再灌神经元损伤的活性物质。
