Electrochemical Analysis of Zirconiumin Aqueous and Organic Media

For the challenging nature of the zirconium environment analysis, this study consists to analyze the electrochemical behavior of Zirconium in both aqueous and organic media. To that end first the electrolytic media was selected on the basis of the Pourbaix potential-pH diagram, which provides informations on the predominance of Zr(IV) ion and Zr in aqueous media. In aqueous media, analyzes were first carried out in acidic media then in basic media. Studies have thus revealed that the acidic environment is not favourable for the electrochemical analysis of zirconium. Voltammograms obtained in an acidic environment show no zirconium detection signal;this is due to the strong presence of H+ ions in the solution. We have also observed in acidic media the phenomenon of passivation of the electrode surface. In aqueous alkaline media (pH = 13), we have drawn in reduction several Intensity-Potential curves by fixingsome technical parameterslike scanning speed, rotation speed of the electrode. The obtained voltammograms show cathodic waves, starting from -1.5 V/DHW and attributed to the reduction of Zr (IV) to Zr (0). The last phase of this study focused on the electrochemical analysis of zirconium in an organic media. In this media, several intensity-potential curves were plotted in reduction and in cyclic voltammetry with various parameters. Through several reduction analysis, the Zr (IV) was reduced to Zr (0) to the potential of -1.5 V/DHW. The electrochemical analysis of zirconium in organic media seems globally easier to achieve thanks to its large solvent window (i.e. dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent window > 6 V).

Phase-field simulations of the effect of temperature and interface for zirconiumδ-hydrides

Hydride precipitation in zirconium cladding materials can damage their integrity and durability.Service temperature and material defects have a significant effect on the dynamic growth of hydrides.In this study,we have developed a phasefield model based on the assumption of elastic behaviour within a specific temperature range(613 K-653 K).This model allows us to study the influence of temperature and interfacial effects on the morphology,stress,and average growth rate of zirconium hydride.The results suggest that changes in temperature and interfacial energy influence the length-to-thickness ratio and average growth rate of the hydride morphology.The ultimate determinant of hydride orientation is the loss of interfacial coherency,primarily induced by interfacial dislocation defects and quantifiable by the mismatch degree q.An escalation in interfacial coherency loss leads to a transition of hydride growth from horizontal to vertical,accompanied by the onset of redirection behaviour.Interestingly,redirection occurs at a critical mismatch level,denoted as qc,and remains unaffected by variations in temperature and interfacial energy.However,this redirection leads to an increase in the maximum stress,which may influence the direction of hydride crack propagation.This research highlights the importance of interfacial coherency and provides valuable insights into the morphology and growth kinetics of hydrides in zirconium alloys.

Phase composition,conductivity,and sensor properties of cerium-doped indium oxide

The hydrothermal synthesis of In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2)–In_(2)O_(3)is investigated as well as the properties of sensor layers based on these compounds.During the synthesis of In_(2)O_(3),intermediate products In(OH)_(3)and InOOH are formed,which are the precursors of stable cubic(c-In_(2)O_(3))and metastable rhombohedral(rh-In_(2)O_(3))phases,respectively.A transition from c-In_(2)O_(3)to rh-In_(2)O_(3)is observed with the addition of CeO_(2).The introduction of cerium into rh-In_(2)O_(3)results in a decrease in the sensor response to hydrogen,while it increases in composites based on c-In_(2)O_(3).The data on the sensor activity of the composites correlate with XPS results in which CeO_(2)causes a decrease in the concentrations of chemisorbed oxygen and oxygen vacancies in rh-In_(2)O_(3).The reverse situation is observed in composites based on c-In_(2)O_(3).Compared to In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2)–In_(2)O_(3)obtained by other methods,the synthesized composites demonstrate maximum response to H_(2)at low temperatures by 70–100℃,and have short response time(0.2–0.5 s),short recovery time(6–7 s),and long-term stability.A model is proposed for the dependence of sensitivity on the direction of electron transfer between In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2).

EFFECT OF CERIUM ION IMPLANTATION ON THE AQUEOUS CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF ZIRCONIUM

In order to study the influence of cerium ion implantation on the aqueous corrosion behavior of zirconium, specimens were implanted by cerium ions with a dosage range from 1×1016 to 1×1017 ions/cm2 at about 150℃, using MEVVA source at an acceler ative voltage of 40kV. The valence of the surface layer was analyzed by X-ray photo- electron spectroscopy (XPS); Three-sweep potentiodynamic polarization measurement was employed to value the aqueous corrosion resistance of zirconium in a 0.5mol/L H2SO4 solution. It was found that a remarkable decline in the aqueous corrosion behavior of zirconium implanted with cerium ions compared with that of the as-received zirconium. Finally, the mechanism of the corrosion resistance decline of the cerium-implanted zirconium is discussed.

Synthesis of mesoporous cerium-zirconium mixed oxides by hydrothermal templating method

Mesoporous cerium-zirconium mixed oxides were prepared by hydrothermal method using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as template. The effects of amount of template, pH value of solution and hydrothermal temperature on mesostructure of samples were systematically investigated. The final products were characterized by XRD, TEM, FT-IR, and BET. The results indicate that all the cerium-zirconium mixed oxides present a meso-structure. At molar ratio of n(CTAB)/n((Ce)+(Zr))= 0.15, pH value of 9, and hydrothermal temperature of 120 ℃, the samples obtained possess a specific surface area of 207.9 m2/g with pore diameter of 3.70 nm and pore volume of 0.19 cm3/g.

Different grain refinement mechanisms of minor zirconium and cerium in magnesium alloys

Zirconium and rare earth element cerium were added in magnesium and magnesium alloys to study their different grain refinement mechanisms. The results show that zirconium has an obvious refinement effect on the cast grain of magnesium and its alloys without the alloy element Al because the crystal structure of zirconium is the same as magnesium matrix,and the lattice parameters are close to magnesium. Zirconium can decrease the grain size of magnesium from 150 to 20 μm. The rare earth cerium also has a grain refinement effect on Mg and Mg-Al alloy. The cerium atoms tend to remain in the liquid rather than solidify with the solvent atoms magnesium at the solid-liquid interface. The liquid constitutional undercooling can provide a heterogeneous crystal nucleation. The grain is refined from 200 μm to 40-80 μm. These two elements have different grain refinement mechanism on Mg alloy. The mechanism of zirconium is that it acts as the nuclei of α-Mg. But the mechanism of cerium is that it increases the liquid constitutional undercooling that can provide a heterogeneous crystal nucleation for the alloy.

Cerium-tungsten oxides supported on activated red mud for the selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x)

Activated red mud(RM)has been proved to be a promising base material for the selective catalysis reduction(SCR)of NOx.The inherent low reducibility and acidity limited its low-temperature activity.In this work,molybdenum oxide,tungsten oxide,and cerium oxide were used to reconfigure the redox sites and acid sites of red mud based catalyst.When activated red mud was reconfigured by cerium-tungsten oxide(Ce-W@RM),the NOx conversion kept above 90%at 219-480℃.The existence of Ce^(3+)/Ce^(4+) redox electron pairs provided more surface adsorbed oxygen(O_(α)) and served as a redox cycle.Positive interactions between Ce,W species and Fe oxide in red mud occurred,which led to the formation of unsaturated chemical bond and promoted the activation of adsorbed NH_(3) species.WO_(3) and Ce_(2)(WO_(4))_(3)(formed by solid-state reaction between Ce and W species)could provide more Brønsted acid sites(W-O modes of WO_(3),W=O or W-O-W modes of Ce_(2)(WO_(4))_(3)).CeO_(2) species could provide more Lewis acid sites.The Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)routes and Eley-Rideal(E-R)routes occurred in the low-temperature SCR reaction on the Ce-W@RM surface.NH_(4)^(+) species on Brønsted acid sites,NH_(3) species on Lewis acid sites,bidentate nitrate and bridging nitrate species were key active intermediates species.

Cerium Methacrylate Assisted Preparation of Highly Thermally Conductive and Anticorrosive Multifunctional Coatings for Heat Conduction Metals Protection

Preparing polymeric coatings with well corrosion resistance and high thermal conductivity(TC)to prolong operational life and ensure service reliability of heat conductive metallic materials has long been a substantive and urgent need while a difficult task.Here we report a multifunctional epoxy composite coating(F-CB/CEP)by synthesizing cerium methacrylate and ingeniously using it as a novel curing agent with corrosion inhibit for epoxy resin and modifier for boron nitride through"cation-π"interaction.The prepared F-CB/CEP coating presents a high TC of 4.29 W m^(−1)K^(−1),which is much higher than other reported anti-corrosion polymer coatings and thereby endowing metal materials coated by this coating with outstanding thermal management performance compared with those coated by pure epoxy coating.Meanwhile,the low-frequency impedance remains at 5.1×10^(11)Ωcm^(2)even after 181 days of immersion in 3.5 wt%NaCl solution.Besides,the coating also exhibits well hydrophobicity,self-cleaning properties,temperature resistance and adhesion.This work provides valuable insights for the preparation of high-performance composite coatings with potential to be used as advanced multifunctional thermal management materials,especially for heat conduction metals protection.

Cerium-promoted conversion of dinitrogen into high-energy-density material CeN_(6) under moderate pressure

Synthesis pressure and structural stability are two crucial factors for highly energetic materials,and recent investigations have indicated that cerium is an efficient catalyst for N2 reduction reactions.Here,we systematically explore Ce–N compounds through first-principles calculations,demonstrating that the cerium atom can weaken the strength of the N≡N bond and that a rich variety of cerium polynitrides can be formed under moderate pressure.Significantly,P1-CeN_(6) possesses the lowest synthesis pressure of 32 GPa among layered metal polynitrides owing to the strong ligand effect of cerium.The layered structure of P1-CeN_(6) proposed here consists of novel N_(14) ring.To clarify the formation mechanism of P1-CeN_(6),the reaction path Ce+3N2→trans-CeN_(6)→P1-CeN_(6) is proposed.In addition,P1-CeN_(6) possesses high hardness(20.73 GPa)and can be quenched to ambient conditions.Charge transfer between cerium atoms and N_(14) rings plays a crucial role in structural stability.Furthermore,the volumetric energy density(11.20 kJ/cm^(3))of P1-CeN_(6) is much larger than that of TNT(7.05 kJ/cm^(3)),and its detonation pressure(128.95 GPa)and detonation velocity(13.60 km/s)are respectively about seven times and twice those of TNT,and it is therefore a promising high-energy-density material.

One-step ethylene separation from ternary C_(2) hydrocarbon mixture with a robust zirconium metal-organic framework

One-step separation of high-purity ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))from C_(2) hydrocarbon mixture is critical but challenging because of the very similar molecular sizes and physical properties of C_(2)H_(4),ethane(C_(2)H_(6)),and acetylene(C_(2)H_(2)).Herein,we report a robust zirconium metal-organic framework(MOF)Zr-TCA(H3TCA=4,4',4"-tricarboxytriphenylamine)with suitable pore size(0.6 nm×0.7 nm)and pore environment for direct C_(2)H_(4) purification from C_(2)H_(4)/C_(2)H_(2)/C_(2)H_(6) gas-mixture.Computational studies indicate that the abundant oxygen atoms and non-polar phenyl rings created favorable pore environments for the preferential binding of C_(2)H_(2) and C_(2)H_(6) over C_(2)H_(4).As a result,Zr-TCA exhibits not only high C_(2)H_(6)(2.28 mmol·g^(-1))and C_(2)H_(2)(2.78 mmol·g^(-1))adsorption capacity but also excellent C_(2)H_(6)/C_(2)H_(4)(2.72)and C_(2)H_(2)/C_(2)H_(4)(5.64)selectivity,surpassing most of one-step C_(2)H_(4) purification MOF materials.Dynamic breakthrough experiments confirm that Zr-TCA can produce high-purity C_(2)H_(4)(>99.9%)from a ternary gas mixture(1/9/90 C_(2)H_(2)/C_(2)H_(6)/C_(2)H_(4))in a single step with a high C_(2)H_(4) productivity of 5.61 L·kg^(-1).

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of heating and melting behaviors of cerium oxide powders in radio frequency thermal plasma

The present study aims at the numerical simulations of the melting process of cerium oxide particles in RF thermal plasma.The physical model and the calculating method were described firstly;the interaction between cerium oxide particles and plasma was analyzed;specific attention was given to the effects of particle initial size,injection velocity on the particle melting and trajectory in plasma.The influence of the temperature field and velocity field distribution of the plasma around the particle trajectory on the melting effect is analyzed,and the relationship between the heat absorption efficiency of the particles and the particle size reduction process is further determined.It is also found that there exists an optimal particle initial injection velocity which led to a more concentrated final particle size distribution and a more significant reduction of particle size.The results could provide effective guidance for understanding the plasma spheroidization process of uranium dioxide and cerium dioxide powder particles.

Intercalation assisted liquid phase production of disulfide zirconium nanosheets for efficient electrocatalytic dinitrogen reduction to ammonia

Disulfide zirconium(ZrS_(2)) is a two-dimensional(2D) transition metal disulfide and has given rise to extensive attention because of its distinctive electronic structure and properties.However,mass production of high quality of ZrS_(2)nanosheets to realize their practical application remains a challenge.Here,we have successfully exfoliated the bulk ZrS_(2)powder with the thickness of micron into single and few-layer nanosheets through liquid-phase exfoliation in N-methylpyrrolidone(NMP) assisted via aliphatic amines as intercalators.It is found that the exfoliation yield is as high as 27.3%,which is the record value for the exfoliation of ZrS_(2)nanosheets from bulk ZrS_(2)powder,and 77.1% of ZrS_(2)nanosheets are 2-3 layers.The molecular geometric size and aliphatic amine basicity have important impact on the exfoliation.Furthermore,the ZrS_(2)nanosheets have been used as catalyst in the electrocatalytic dinitrogen reduction with the NH3yield of 57.75 μg h^(-1)mg_(cat.)^(-1),which is twice that by ZrS_(2)nanofibers reported in literature and three times that by the bulk ZrS_(2)powder.Therefore,the liquid phase exfoliation strategy reported here has great potential in mass production of ZrS_(2)nanosheets for high activity electrocatalysis.

Biomimetic amelioration of zirconium nanoparticles on a rigid substrate over viscous slime--a physiological approach

In this article,an investigation is conducted to study the precise role of zirconium nanoparticles that exist in a slime-like fluid subject to specific adjustments.Since gliding is a technique of mobility used by bacteria that lack motility components,bacteria travel on their own strength in gliding locomotion by secreting a layer of slime on the substrate.A model of an undulating sheet over a layer of slime of a Rabinowitsch fluid is investigated as a potential model of bacteria’s gliding motility.With the aid of long wavelength approximation,the equations governing the circulation of slime underneath the cells are established and analytically solved.The effects of pseudoplasticity,dilatation and non-Newtonian parameter on the behavior of zirconium concentration,speed of microorganism(bacteria),streamline patterns,and pressure rise for non-Newtonian and Newtonian fluids are compared.The power required for propulsion is also investigated.Physical interpretation for the pertinent variables has been graphically discussed against the parameters under consideration.It is found that with the increase in the concentration of zirconium nanoparticles,the bacterial flow is accelerated and attains its maximum near the rigid substrate wall while an opposite behavior is noticed in the rest region.

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Protect against Oxaliplatin Induced Testicular Damage: Biochemical, Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Genotoxic Study

Oxaliplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug used for colorectal cancer treatment. The testicular toxic effect is one of its recorded toxicities which resulted in a few studies. Oxidative stress could be a direct cause of this testicular toxicity. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) are optimistic antioxidants for applications in medicine. The aim of the work is to study the protective effect of CONPs on testicular toxicity induced by oxaliplatin in rats. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups: Control group, CONPs group (60 mg/kg, 5 times/week), Oxaliplatin group (4 mg/kg, twice/week), and Oxaliplatin & CONPs group, for 4 weeks. Seventy-two hours after the last administration, blood samples were taken for hormonal levels and testes were used for both histopathology and immunohistochemical microscopic examination. Sperm smears were also performed and their results were statistically analyzed to detect any sperm abnormalities. Oxaliplatin increased MDA levels. SOD and GPx activity was decreased. GSH levels were decreased. Also, it decreased the sperm cell count and serum testosterone, and anti-Müllerian hormon. In the testicular sections, significant histopathology changes were seen and immunohistochemical examination confirmed these results. Upon supplementation of CONPs with oxaliplatin decreased MDA levels. SOD and GPx activity was increased, and GSH did not change. In testicular sections, normal morphology was seen. Also, there was an increase in the sperm cell count and serum testosterone anti-Müllerian with significant improvement of testicular architecture, and immunohistochemical examination confirmed these results. The utilization of CONPs produced significant protection against all of the above-mentioned changes.

Nano transdermal system combining mitochondria-targeting cerium oxide nanoparticles with all-trans retinoic acid for psoriasis

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that is intricately linked to oxidative stress.Antioxidation and inhibition of abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes are pivotal strategies for psoriasis.Delivering drugs with these effects to the site of skin lesions is a challenge that needs to be solved.Herein,we reported a nanotransdermal delivery system composed of all-trans retinoic acid(TRA),triphenylphosphine(TPP)-modified cerium oxide(CeO2)nanoparticles,flexible nanoliposomes and gels(TCeO_(2)-TRA-FNL-Gel).The results revealed that TCeO_(2)synthesized by the anti-micelle method,with a size of approximately 5 nm,possessed excellent mitochondrial targeting ability and valence conversion capability related to scavenging reactive oxygen species(ROS).TCeO_(2)-TRA-FNL prepared by the film dispersion method,with a size of approximately 70 nm,showed high drug encapsulation efficiency(>96%).TCeO_(2)-TRA-FNL-Gel further showed sustained drug release behaviors,great transdermal permeation ability,and greater skin retention than the free TRA.The results of in vitro EGF-induced and H2O2-induced models suggested that TCeO_(2)-TRA-FNL effectively reduced the level of inflammation and alleviated oxidative stress in HaCat cells.The results of in vivo imiquimod(IMQ)-induced model indicated that TCeO_(2)-TRA-FNL-Gel could greatly alleviate the psoriasis symptoms.In summary,the transdermal drug delivery system designed in this study has shown excellent therapeutic effects on psoriasis and is prospective for the safe and accurate therapy of psoriasis.

喷雾热解法加热壁温对铈锆固溶体生产过程的影响

【目的】为了探究喷雾热解过程中加热壁温对铈锆固溶体生产过程的影响,分析热解炉内的流量场和浓度场的变化情况,实现对热解炉的设计优化。【方法】采用数值模拟的方法,建立喷雾热解炉的物理模型,分别探讨加热壁温对铈锆固溶体在热解炉的不同阶段及热解炉中水蒸气分布和HCl分布的影响。【结果】当热解温度为850℃时,液滴的反应主要分2个阶段,在炉膛高度为0~0.05 m处,为加热蒸发阶段,在炉膛高度为0.05~0.6 m处,为稳态热解阶段。当炉壁温度为550~650℃时,在炉膛高度为0.9 m处温度变化放缓,喷雾处于稳定热解阶段;而壁温在750~850℃时,在炉膛高度为0.6 m处温度变化放缓;当壁温为850℃时,在炉膛高度为0.1~0.6 m处的温度曲线斜率最大,液滴达到稳定蒸发阶段的时间缩短,水分蒸发变快,热解时间变短。【结论】炉壁加热区的温度越高,HCl生成的速度越快,速度的最大值越小,在炉膛高度为0.4 m处速度变化最大,达到1.6 m/s左右;并且整体HCl生成的量随温度的升高而增大,平均速度变化随着热空气温度的升高而减小。

Relations of Microstructural Attributes and Strength-Ductility of Zirconium Alloys with Hydrides

As the first safety barrier of nuclear reactors,zirconium alloy cladding tubes have attracted extensive attention because of its good mechanical properties.The strength and ductility of zirconium alloy are of great significance to the service process of cladding tubes,while brittle hydrides precipitate and thus deteriorate the overall performance.Based on the cohesive finite element method,the effects of cohesive strength,interfacial characteristics,and hydrides geometric characteristics on the strength and ductility of two-phase material(zirconium alloy with hydrides)are numerically simulated.The results show that the fracture behavior is significantly affected by the cohesive strength and that the overall strength and ductility are sensitive to the cohesive strength of the zirconium alloy.Furthermore,the interface is revealed to have prominent effects on the overall fracture behavior.When the cohesive strength and fracture energy of the interface are higher than those of the hydride phase,fracture initiates in the hydrides,which is consistent with the experimental phenomena.In addition,it is found that the number density and arrangement of hydrides play important roles in the overall strength and ductility.Our simulation provides theoretical support for the performance analysis of hydrogenated zirconium alloys during nuclear reactor operation.

Functional zirconium phosphate nanosheets enabled transfer hydrogenolysis of aromatic ether bonds over a low usage of Ru nanocatalysts

Catalytic hydrogenolysis of aromatic ether bonds is a highly promising strategy for upgrading lignin into small-molecule chemicals,which relies on developing innovative heterogeneous catalysts with high activity.Herein,we designed porous zirconium phosphate nanosheet-supported Ru nanocatalysts(Ru/ZrPsheet)as the heterogeneous catalyst by a process combining ball milling and molten-salt(KNO_(3)).Very interestingly,the fabricated Ru/ZrPsheetshowed good catalytic performance on the transfer hydrogenolysis of various types of aromatic ether bonds contained in lignin,i.e.,4-O-5,a-O-4,β-O-4,and aryl-O-CH3,over a low Ru usage(<0.5 mol%)without using any acidic/basic additive.Detailed investigations indicated that the properties of Ru and the support were indispensable.The excellent activity of Ru/ZZrPsheetoriginated from the strong acidity and basicity of ZrPsheetand the higher electron density of metallic Ru0as well as the nanosheet structure of ZrPsheet.

Incorporation of Nano-Zinc Oxide in Lamellar Zirconium Phosphate: Synthesis and Characterization

In order to provide ultraviolet barrier, antifungal and antibacterial properties, nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) was added to lamellar zirconium phosphate (ZrP). The phosphate was synthesized via reaction of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate and phosphoric acid following its chemical modification with Jeffamine and nano-ZnO. Diffractometric, morphological, thermal, structural and relaxometric evaluations were conducted. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed increase of the area between 4000 - 3000 cm-1 due to the formation of ionic specie PO? +NH3-[C-(H)(CH3)-CH2-O-(C-(H)(CH3)-CH2-O)8-(CH2-CH2-O-CH3)] and nano-ZnO particles. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction indicated that intercalation of Jeffamine was successful. Thermogravimetry confirmed that nano-ZnO particle forced the expulsion of Jeffamine outside ZrP galleries. Scanning electron microscopy evidenced the Jeffamine intercalation and sample heterogeneity. Hydrogen molecular relaxation indicated the increase of molecular rigidity owing to the formation of ionic specie and the addition of nano-ZnO particles. It was postulated that a multifunctional and miscellaneous material constituted by as prepared ZrP, some delaminated ZrP platelets and nano-ZnO particles was achieved. The material has potential for usage as filler in polymeric composites.

石墨烯基介孔锰铈氧化物催化剂:制备和低温催化还原NO

锰铈氧化物由于较强的氧化还原活性、优良的低温脱硝性能,已被广泛用于选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝反应,但是锰铈氧化物存在活性组分易团聚、比表面积较低等问题,限制其催化剂活性的提高。本研究以介孔结构的石墨烯基SiO_(2)(G@SiO_(2))纳米材料为模板,采用水热法制备了系列石墨烯基介孔锰铈氧化物(G@MnO_(x)-CeO_(2))催化剂,并考察了该催化剂在低温下(100~300℃)的SCR脱硝性能。结果表明,与石墨烯基铈氧化物(G@CeO_(2))相比,G@MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)催化剂具有较高脱硝活性。当Mn、Ce与模板G@SiO_(2)质量比分别为0.35、0.90时,G@Mn(0.35)Ce(0.9)催化剂的脱硝活性最佳,220℃下NO转化率达到最高(80%)。添加适量MnO_(x),提高了G@MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)催化剂的比表面积、孔容,降低了催化剂的结晶度;并且MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)以纳米尺度(2~3 nm)较为均匀地分散于石墨烯片层表面。此外,由于MnO_(x)与CeO_(2)之间存在协同作用,Mn原子可以部分替代Ce原子掺杂于CeO_(2)的晶体结构中形成MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)固溶体,使G@Mn(0.35)Ce(0.9)催化剂表面存在较高含量的高价态Mn^(3+)和Mn^(4+)、Ce^(4+)以及较高的化学吸附氧浓度,从而展现出较高的脱硝性能。该工作为MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)基催化剂在低温NH3-SCR中的实际应用提供了基础数据。