Knockdown of circular RNA (CircRNA)_001896 inhibits cervical cancer proliferation and stemness in vivo and in vitro

Objective:Previous studies indicated that aberrant circular RNA(circRNA)expression affects gene expression regulatory networks,leading to the aberrant activation of tumor pathways and promoting tumor cell growth.However,the expression,clinical significance,and effects on cell propagation,invasion,and dissemination of circRNA_001896 in cervical cancer(CC)tissues remain unclear.Methods:The Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)datasets(GSE113696 and GSE102686)were used to examine differential circRNA expression in CC and adjacent tissues.The expression of circRNA_001896 was detected in 72 CC patients usingfluorescence quantitative PCR.Correlation analysis with clinical pathological features was performed through COX multivariate and univariate analysis.The effect of circRNA_001896 downregulation on CC cell propagation was examined using the cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)test,clonogenic,3D sphere formation,and in vivo tumorigenesis assays.Results:Intersection of the GSE113696 and GSE102686 datasets revealed an increased expression of four circRNAs,including circRNA_001896,in CC tissues.Fluorescence quantitative PCR confirmed circRNA_001896 as a circular RNA.High expression of circRNA_001896 was considerably associated with lymph node metastasis,International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians(FIGO)stage,tumor diameter,and survival period in CC patients.Proportional hazards model(COX)univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that circRNA_001896 expressions are a distinct risk factor affecting CC patients’prognosis.Cellular functional experiments showed that downregulating circRNA_001896 substantially suppressed CC cell growth,colony formation,and 3D sphere-forming ability.In vivo,tumorigenesis analysis in nude mice demonstrated that downregulating circRNA_001896 remarkably reduced the in vivo proliferation capacity of CC cells.Conclusion:CircRNA_001896 is highly expressed in CC tissues and is substantially related to lymph node metastasis,FIGO stage,tumor size,and survival period in patients.Moreover,downregulating circRNA_001896 significantly inhibits both in vivo and in vitro propagation of CC cells.Therefore,circRNA_001896 might be used as a biomarker for targeted therapy in cervical cancer.

Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms in gastroenteropancreatic tract

Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms(MiNENs)are a hetero-geneous group of malignant neoplasms that can settle in the gastroenteropan-creatic tract.They are composed of a neuroendocrine(NE)and a non-NE compo-nent in at least 30%of each tumour.The non-NE component can include different histological combinations of glandular,squamous,mucinous and sarcomatoid phenotypes,and one or both of the components can be low-or high grade malignant.Recent changes in the nomenclature of these neoplasms might lead to great deal of confusion,and the lack of specific clinical trials is the main reason why their management is difficult.The review aims to clarify the definition of MiNEN and analyze available evidence about their diagnosis and treatment options according to their location and extension through careful analysis of the available data.It would be important to reach a general consensus on their diagnosis in order to construct a classification that remains stable over time and facilitates the design of clinical trials that,due to their low incidence,will require long recruitment periods.

Subgroups of peripheral immune effector cells in cervical cancer patients are more sensitive to radiation therapy than chemotherapy

Background:CD8 positive T lymphocytes and natural killer(NK)cells in the peripheral blood of cervical cancer patients exhibit varying sensitivities to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Methods:A total of 50 healthy peoples and 60 cervical cancer patients were recruited.The patients with cervical cancer were separated into two groups:radiation and chemotherapy,and blood sample were collected before and after treatment.Data on the proportion of CD8 positive T lymphocytes and NK cells were gathered for analytical evaluation.Results:Compared to healthy individuals,patients with cervical cancer exhibit a reduced proportion of CD8 positive T cells within their peripheral blood.And for patients with cervical cancer,radiation therapy has been found to be more effective than chemotherapy in increasing the proportion of CD8 positive T lymphocytes and NK cells.Conclusions:These results suggest that radiation therapy increases the levels of CD8 positive T lymphocytes and NK cells within the peripheral blood of patients with cervical cancer.The study hypothesis that the changes in the percentage of CD8 positive T lymphocytes may serve as a potential indicator for predicting treatment efficacy.

Relationship between Circulating Plasma Galectin-3 Levels and T-Cell Activation during Cervical Cancer Chemotherapy

Objective: Despite the existence of several therapeutic strategies, the management of cervical cancer remains challenging. Our region has very little data on the interaction between the immune system and the clinical response to chemotherapy. This work examines plasma levels of galectin-3 (Gal-3) and percentages of activated T cells in patients with cervical cancer treated with chemotherapy and investigates if there is a relationship between the rates of these two elements. Methods: We compared data from 37 patients with cervical cancer undergoing chemotherapy and 42 controls with normal cervical cytology. Plasma Gal-3 concentrations were assessed by ELISA and expression of activation markers by T cells (CD69 and HLA-DR) was assessed by flow cytometry at three different time points during chemotherapy. Results: Our results showed that patients had a significantly higher concentration of Gal-3 compared to controls (4.025 vs. 1.340, p 0.001), similarly, they had a significantly high percentage of activated lymphocytes (2.610 vs. 0.731;p 0.0001). According to the response to treatment, patients with no response to treatment had a lower concentration of circulating Gal-3 but had approximately the same percentage of activated CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes as patients with a partial or total response. In addition, we found a positive correlation between the Gal-3 level and CD4 T cells expressing the activation marker CD69 (p 0.05;rho = 0.44). Conclusion: In conclusion, our results show that there would be a relationship between circulating galectin-3 and the percentage of peripheral CD4+CD69+ cells in cervical cancer.

A Critical Analysis of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods for Cervical Cancer Screening

Cervical cancer is a serious public health issue worldwide, and early identification is crucial for better patient outcomes. Recent study has investigated how ML and DL approaches may be used to increase the accuracy of vagina tests. In this piece, we conducted a thorough review of 50 research studies that applied these techniques. Our investigation compared the outcomes to well-known screening techniques and concentrated on the datasets used and performance measurements reported. According to the research, convolutional neural networks and other deep learning approaches have potential for lowering false positives and boosting screening precision. Although several research used small sample sizes or constrained datasets, this raises questions about how applicable the findings are. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the articles that were chosen, as well as prospective topics for future research, to further the application of ml and dl in cervical cancer screening. The development of cervical cancer screening technologies that are more precise, accessible, and can lead to better public health outcomes is significantly affected by these findings.

Relationship between Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Cervical Carcinoma

Objective To study the relationship between cell proliferation and apoptosis in cervical carcinoma and its clinical significance. Methods The cell proliferation and apoptosis of cervical epithelial cells in archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of normal cervix, cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (GIN) and cervical squamous carcinoma were tested by using immunohistochemistry assay and DNA nick end-labeling technigue. The proliferation index (PI) and apoptosis index (AI) were calculated and their correlation with clinical and pathological data was analyzed.Results PI was gradually increased, but the AI and AI/PI ratio decreased from normal cervical epithelium, GIN to cervical carcinoma. There was no significant relationship among cell proliferation, apoptosis, clinical stages and pathological grades. High AI was always associated with a poor prognosis of the patients.Conclusion Cell proliferation and apoptosis allow to distinguish among normal epithelium, GIN and cervical carcinoma and are useful for the assessment of the malignant potential of tumor tissues.

Progress of gastric cancer etiology:N-nitrosamides in the 1990s

Stomach carcinoma is still the leading cause of cancer death in China and the second one in the world. Its possible causes include: A) chemical factors such as intragastric formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) and high salt intake; B ) biological factors such as infection of Helicobacter pylori and biotoxins intake; and C ) nutritional factors such as deficiency of vitamin C, selenium, and other antioxidants. Nitrogenous precursors of NOC, e.g., alkylamines, alkylureas, alkylguanidines, and alkylamides, occur widely in nature and potential nitrosating agents, e.g., nitrite (NO2-) and NOx (the gaseous oxides of nitrogen ) are similarly widespread. Relationship between exposure to NOC and causes of human cancer was investigated extensively ten years ago. Results indicated that the exposures of NOC might contribute to the occurrences of malignancy in the upper digestive tracts including stomachs. It was also observed that both high salt intake and deficiency of some micronutrients enhanced NOC-induced carcinogenicity. Recent studies show that infection of H. pylori can lead to atrophic gastritis and achlorhydria, and promote endogenous formation of NOC indirectly[1] . Much attention has been paid to stomach cancer and NOC regarding the characterization of natural N-nitrosamides in human environment in the 1990s.

Study on environmental etiology of high incidence areas of liver cancer in China

INTRODUCTIONChina is a country with a high incidence of liver cancer insome areas.Liver cancer has a wide distribution andthreatens human health seriously.A rough estimationshows that out of a population of 1.2×10~8 in liver

Prognostic evaluation of postoperative adjuvant therapy for operable cervical cancer:10 years'experience of National Cancer Center in China

Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors and to evaluate the impact of adjuvant therapy on clinical outcome for early-stage cervical cancer. Methods： The clinical-pathological data of all 1,335 patients with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics （FIGO） Ib-[Ia cervical cancer treated with primary radical surgery at the Chinese National Cancer Center between May 2007 and Dec 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The median follow-up was 70 months. Results： Of all the patients, 61.6% of the cases received adjuvant therapy, with 5-year disease-free survival （DFS） of 92.1% and 5-year overall survival （OS） of 95.0%. In multivariate analysis, differentiation of G3 （P〈0.05）, lymph node metastasis （LNM, P〈0.05） and lymphovascular space invasion （LVSI, P〈0.05） were independent predictors for OS, while LNM （P〈0.05）, deep stroma invasion （DSI, P〈0.05） and LVSI （P〈0.05） were independent factors for DFS. The samples were stratified by histologic type, and cervical squamous cell carcinoma （SCC） was found to share the same independent factors except for differentiation of OS. As to patients with cervical adenocarcinoma/adenosquamons carcinoma （AC/ASC）, differentiation was the independent predictor of OS （P〈0.05）; and LVSI of DFS （P〈0.05）. Of 236 patients with high-risk factors, there was no significant difference in survival between concurrent chemoradiotherapy （CCRT, n=195）, radiotherapy （RT, n=24）, and chemotherapy （CT, n=17）. Among the 190 patients with LNM who underwent CCRT, 124 cases showed improved DFS after sequential CT （P=0.118）, with a recurrence rate decrease of 14%, though the difference was not statistically significant. Patients with single intermediate-risk factors like DSI or LVSI were found to partially benefit from adjuvant therapy, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions： LNM, LVSI, DSI and differentiation were found to be independent prognostic factors for operable cervical cancer. Aggressive postoperative adjuvant therapy based on single risk factors in Chinese National Cancer Center could benefit survival. CCRT＋CT outperformed CCRT in high-risk patients. For patients with single non-high-risk factor, the role of adjuvant therapy needs to be further discussed.

Syringomyelia associated with cervical spondylosis: A rare condition

Spinal spondylosis is an extremely common condition that has only rarely been described as a cause of syringomyelia. We describe a case of syringomyelia associated with cervical spondylosis admitted at our division and treated by our institute. It is the case of a 66-yearold woman. At our observation she was affected by moderate-severe spastic tetraparesis. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) showed an hyperintense signal within spinal cord from C3 to T1 with a more sharply defined process in the inferior cervical spinal cord. At the same level bulging discs, facets and ligamenta flava hypertrophy determined a compression towards subarachnoid space and spinal cord. Spinal cord compression was more evident in hyperextension rather than flexion. A 4-level laminectomy and subsequent posterior stabilization with intra-articular screws was executed. At 3-mo follow up there was a regression of tetraparesis but motor deficits of the lower limbs residuated. At the same follow up postoperative MRI was executed. It suggested enlargement of the syrinx. Perhaps hyperintensity within spinal cord appeared "bounded" from C3 to C7 with clearer margins. At the level of surgical decompression, subarachnoid space and spinal cord enlargement were also evident. A review of the literature was executed using Pub Med database. The objective of the research was to find an etiopathological theory able to relate syringomyelia with cervical spondylosis. Only 6 articles have been found. At the origin of syringomyelia the mechanisms of compression and instability are proposed. Perhaps other studies assert the importance of subarachnoid space regard cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) dynamic. We postulate that cervical spine instability may be the cause of multiple microtrauma towards spinal cord and consequently may damage spinal cord parenchyma generating myelomalacia and consequently syrinx. Otherwise the hemorrhage within spinal cord central canal can cause an obstruction of CSF outflow, finally generating the syrinx. On the other hand in cervical spondylosis the stenotic elements can affect subarachnoid space. These elements rubbing towards spinal cord during movements of the neck can generate arachnoiditis, subarachnoid hemorrhages and arachnoid adhesions. Analyzing the literature these "complications" of cervical spondylosis are described at the origin of syringomyelia. So surgical decompression, enlarging medullary canal prevents rubbings and contacts between the bone-ligament structures of the spine towards spinal cord and subarachnoid space therefore syringomyelia. Perhaps stabilization is also necessary to prevent instability of the cervical spine at the base of central cord syndrome or syringomyelia. Finally although patients affected by central cord syndrome are usually managed conservatively we advocate, also for them, surgical treatment in cases affected by advanced state of the symptoms and MRI.

Human Papillomavirus 16 E6,E7 siRNAs Inhibit Proliferation and Induce Apoptosis of SiHa Cervical Cancer Cells

Objective： To evaluate the effects of HPV16 E6/E7 siRNAs on cervical cancer SiHa cells. Methods： The expressions of the E6, E7, p53 and Rb genes were assayed by RT-PCR and Western-bloting respectively. The proliferation and apoptosis of the cells were evaluated by MTT and flow cytometry. Results： HPV 16 E6 and E7 oncogenes were selectivly downregulated by HPV 16 E6 and E7 siRNAs, which sustained at least 96 h by single dose siRNA. Furthermore, reduction of E6 and E7 oncogenes expression upregulated the expressions of P53 and RB protein and induced apoptosis in SiHa cells. Conclusion： Introduction of HPV16 E6/E7 siRNA might be a potentially potent and specific approach to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of SiHa cervical cancer cells.

Relationship between the Expression of Telomerase and Human Papillomavirus Infection in Invasive Uterine Cervical Carcinoma

Telomerase activity was examined in invasive cervical carcinoma to assess whether it is activated during cervical malignant transformation and to look for its possible association with human papillomavirus （HPV） infection. Histologically confirmed invasive cervical carcinomas and benign cervices were assayed for telomerase activity by using a modified telomere repeat amplification protocol （TRAP）. The same cases were subjected to polymerase chain reaction （PCR） detection of HPV by using consensus primers and type-specific （HPV types 16 and 18） primers. Telomerase activity was detected in 40 of 45 （88.9%） invasive cervical carcinomas and 2 （all chronic cervicitis） of 50 （4%） benign cervical lesions. HPV was detected in 36 （24 HPV-16 and 4 HPV-18 cases） of 45 （80%） invasive cervical carcinomas and 20 （11 HPV-16 and 1 HPV-18 cases） of 50 （40%） benign cervical changes. There was a significant correlation between the expression of telomerase with histological grade （φ=0.44, P〈0.005）, but no correlation was found between telomerase expression and HPV-18 （P〉0.05）. Although larger sample studies are needed, there seems to be a clear association between telomerase upregulation and HPV status, mainly HPV-16 infection.

Separate lateral parametrial lymph node dissection improves detection rate of parametrial lymph node metastasis in early-stage cervical cancer: 10-year clinical evaluation in a single center in China

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of separate lateral parametrial lymph node dissection(LPLND) in improving parametrial lymph node(PLN) and its metastasis detection rate during radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer.Methods: From July 2007 to August 2017, 2,695 patients with cervical cancer in stage IB1-IIA2 underwent radical hysterectomy were included. Of these patients, 368 underwent separate dissection of PLNs using the LPLND method, and 2,327 patients underwent conventional radical hysterectomy(CRH). We compared the surgical parameters, PLN detection rate and PLN metastasis rate between the two groups.Results: Compared with CRH group, the rate of laparoscopic surgery was higher(60.3% vs. 15.9%, P<0.001),and the blood transfusion rate was lower(19.0% vs. 29.0%, P<0.001) in the LPLND group. PLNs were detected in 356 cases(96.7%) in the LPLND group, and 270 cases(11.6%) in the CRH group(P<0.001), respectively. The number of PLNs detected in the LPLND group was higher than that in the CRH group(median 3 vs. 1, P<0.001).The PLN metastases were detected in 25 cases(6.8%) in the LPLND group, and 18 cases(0.8%) in the CRH group(P<0.001), respectively. In multivariable analysis, LPLND is an independent factor not only for PLN detection [odds ratio(OR)=228.999, 95% confidence interval(95% CI): 124.661-420.664;P<0.001], but also for PLN metastasis identification(OR=10.867, 95% CI: 5.381-21.946;P<0.001).Conclusions: LPLND is feasible and safe. The surgical method significantly improves the detection rate of PLN and avoids omission of PLN metastasis during radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer.

LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY ON CHROMOSOME 17p13.3 IN OVARIAN CANCER AND CERVICAL CANCER

Objective: To identify the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 17p13 3 in ovarian cancer and cervical cancer Methods: The frequency of LOH on chromosome 17p13 3 in DNA samples from 24 ovarian cancers, 9 cervical cancers, and 13 non malignant gynecological diseases were determined respectively, using Southern blot method with probe PYNZ 22 Results: LOH on 17p13 3 was found in 12 of 24 (50 0%) ovarian cancers (including a borderline mucinous cystadenoma), 4 of 9 (44 4%) cervical carcinomas, and 1 of 13 (7 7%) non malignant gynecological diseases, which was cervical intraepithelial neoplasm III (CIN III) ( P< 0 01) Conclusion: These results show that LOH on 17p13 3 is associated with ovarian cancer and cervical cancer, suggesting that detection of LOH on 17p13 3 may be helpful to understand the molecular pathogenesis of ovarian cancer and cervical cancer

Aberrant DNA methylation in cervical carcinogenesis

Persistent infection wit h high-risk types of human papillomavirus(HPV) is known to cause cervical cancer;however,additional genetic and epigenetic alterations are required for progression from precancerous disease to invasive cancer.DNA methylation is an early and frequent molecular alteration in cervical carcinogenesis.In this review,we summarize DNA methylation within the HPV genome and human genome and identify its clinical implications.Methylation of the HPV long control region(LCR) and L1 gene is common during cervical carcinogenesis and increases with the severity of the cervical neoplasm.The L1 gene of HPV16 and HPV18 is consistently hypermethylated in invasive cervical cancers and can potentially be used as a clinical marker of cancer progression.Moreover,promoters of tumor suppressor genes(TSGs) involved in many cellular pathways are methylated in cervical precursors and invasive cancers.Some are associated with squamous cell carcinomas,and others are associated with adenocarcinomas.Identification of methylated TSGs in Pap smear could be an adjuvant test in cervical cancer screening for triage of women with high-risk HPV,atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance,or low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(LSIL).However,consistent panels must be validated for this approach to be translated to the clinic.Furthermore,reversion of methylated TSGs using demethylating drugs may be an alternative anticancer treatment,but demethylating drugs without toxic carcinogenic and mutagenic properties must be identified and validated.

<i>FAS</i>-670 Gene Promoter Region Polymorphism in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3 (CIN 3) and Invasive Cervical Cancer

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiologic agent of genital cancer, but alone it is incapable of inducing oncogenesis. Rather, progression to invasive lesions is associated with host immunity and interference in the process of cellular apoptosis. Among the several genes involved in cell death, theFAS gene appears to be an important factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is an association between polymorphisms of the FAS-670 gene promoter region and preinvasive and invasive lesions of the cervix. The FAS gene was evaluated for the presence of polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques in 225 blood samples for the control group, as well as cervical tissue from patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3;75 cases) or invasive carcinoma (214 cases). The AG genotype of the FAS-670 gene promoter region was significantly more frequent in women with CIN 3, with an estimated risk of three times (OR = 3.0). No difference, however, was observed in the control group and women with cervical cancer. In women with cancer, the genotypes were similar in the different histological types and degree of tumor differentiation. Assessing allelic distribution (A or G), we observed no difference in frequency of genotypes in studied groups. These data suggest that polymorphism of the promoter region of the FAS-670 gene is associated with increased risk of CIN 3, but not for invasive cancer of the cervix.

Mechanism of anti-tumor effect of HIF-1α silencing on cervical cancer in nude mice

Objective： The aim of our study was to observe the anti-tumor effect of silencing the expression of HIF-1α on cervical cancer in nude mice and to explore its mechanism of action. Methods： Human cervical cancer cell line Siha cells were divided into 3 groups： mock control group, control group transfected with scrambled sequence plasmid, and experimental group transfected with pU-HIF-la-shRNA eukaryotic expression plasmid. Cultured cells of the three groups were inoculated in nude mice to establish cervical cancer-bearing nude mice. HIF-la RNAi assay was performed to evaluate the tumor-suppressive effect of HIF-1α silencing on cervical cancer-bearing nude mice. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to observe the distribution and protein expression of HIF-1α and GLUT1, while RT-PCR was adopted to detect the gene expression of HIF-1α, GLUTI and HK I1. The product of glycolysis （tactic acid） and apoptosis in tumor cells were detected by colorimetry and semi-quantitative TUNEL staining, respectively. Results： The tumor growth in experimental group was significantly slower than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.05）. In the 50th day after transplantation, the tumor weight in the experimental group was （1.90 ± 0.28） g, significantly lower than （2.95 ± 0.77） g in the control group and （2.54 ± 0.56） g in the mock group （P 〈 0.01）. In the experimental group, the gene and protein levels of HIF-1α were 0.45 ± 0.04 and 1.25 ± 0.92, and the levels of GLUT1 were 0.32 ± 0.02 and 1.25 ± 0.48, respectively. Both indicators in HIF-la and GLUT1 were lower than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.05）. The expression levels of HK Ⅱ gene and lactic acid in the experimental group were lower than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.05）, but the apoptotic cells were much more numerous in the experimental group than that in matched control groups （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： The 9ene therapy by siRNAtargeted silencing of HIF-1α may down-regulate its downstream genes GLUT1 and HK Ⅱ expression, therefore, to reduce the tumor glycolysis activity and promote tumor cell apoptosis, and exert a tumor-suppressing effect in vivo.

Efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy on advanced cervical cancer

Background and Objective: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical carcinoma develops rapidly and has become a common and standard therapy in recent years. Both the local control rate and survival rate of patients were increased and the risk of death fell by 30%-50%. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy on and the treatment compliance of the patients with advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: A total of 156 patients with stage IIa-IIIb cervical squamous cell carcinoma were randomly divided into the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (experimental group) and radiotherapy group (control group). Intracavity and external beam radiation therapy were administered. At point A, 40-48 Gy were given by 10-12 fractions; at point B, 46-50 Gy were given by 23-25 fractions. In the same time, experimental group was treated by cisplatin (DDP, 40 mg) on day 1, repeated every week. Ten days after radiation therapy, TP regimen was administered as adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: For the experimental and control groups, the objective response rates were 88.61% and 75.32%, 1-year survival rates were 88.57% and 70.77%, 1-year local control rates were 81.43% and 64.62%, 3-year survival rates were 82.14% and 57.69%, and 3-year local control rates were 75.00% and 46.15%, with significant differences (P < 0.05). Quality of life of all patients were significantly improved after treatment (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced cervical cancer can improve short-term and long-term survival and local control rates of patients, improve the quality of life, and the toxicity can be tolerated.

Expression and clinical significance of dendritic cell and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in cervical cancer

Objective:To explore the density and mature status of Dendritic cell(DC) in cervical cancer and correlation with the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1).Methods:Streptavidin-peroxidase(SP) immunohistochemistry methods were used to detect S-100 DC and the expression of TGF-β1 in 20 normal cervical tissues and 53 cervical cancer tissues without any sort of chemotherapy or radiation therapy prior to resection.Medical records were reviewed,clinicopathological variables were retrieved and used for analysis.Results:Two types of DC were observed under the microscope.The expression of DC in cervical cancer was significantly higher than that in normal tissues(23.34 cells/mm^2 vs 29.91 cells/mm^2,P<0.05),and significantly higher in early stage than that in advanced stage(P<0.05).The expression of TGF-β1 was significantly higher in cervical cancer than that in normal tissues (P<0.025).However,there was no correaction between TGF-β1 and lymph nodes metastasis.The index of DC in cervical cancer was negatively correlated to the expression of TGF-β1 in tumor cells (r=-0.8875,P=0.0001).Conclusion:Maturation of DC in cervical cancer is inhibited.The decreased number of DC and the higher expression of TGF-β1 are due to the failure of the immunity,these may play an important role in the development of the cervical cancer.

Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma of Cervical Spine

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma is a rather uncommon non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with the initial manifestation of spinal cord compression. Herein, we reported a 74-year-old woman with sustained neck pain radiating into the right shoulder and arm and weakness of the right upper extremity. A mass that had invaded the C5 and C6 vertebral bodies, causing a kyphotic curvature and compressing the spinal cord, was discovered with magnetic resonance imaging. The patient then underwent anterior corpectomy at C5 and C6, and reconstruction with a titanic rod and bone cement. The pathology confirmed a diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma after serial H & E and immunohistochemical staining. She recovered well from her profound neurological deficit. Both chemotherapy and radiotherapy were used postoperatively. Surgical intervention is indicated in these cases to decompress the cord, remove the majority of the tumor mass, stabilize the spine and obtain tissue for pathological diagnosis.