Establishment of Risk Prediction Model and Nomogram for Lymph Node Metastasis of Cervical Cancer: Based on SEER Database

Objective: To predict the risk factors of lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer by using large sample clinical data, and to construct and verify the nomogram for predicting lymph node metastasis. Methods: A total of 5940 patients with cervical cancer from 2004 to 2015 in the National Cancer Institute Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database were retrospectively screened and randomly assigned to training group (n = 4172) and validation group (n = 1768). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used, and the optimal model was selected according to AIC or BIC and likelihood ratio test, and a nomogram was drawn. The accuracy and robustness of the prediction model were evaluated in three aspects: discrimination, calibration and clinical net benefit. Results: The prediction model based on race, tumor tissue differentiation degree, tumor histopathological type, distant metastasis of tumor, tumor diameter and other risk factors was successfully established and a nomogram was constructed. The AUCs of training group and validation group were: 0.736 and 0.714, respectively. And the p-values of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test were 0.28 and 0.11, respectively. The calibration curve was in good agreement with the ideal curve. It had high accuracy and applicability after internal verification. Conclusion: A prediction model is constructed based on the risk factors of lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer. The nomogram has a good effective prediction and can provide a theoretical basis for clinicians to assess the disease quickly before surgery.

Progress in the Study of Lymph Node Metastasis in Early-stage Cervical Cancer

Spread into regional lymph node is the major route of metastasis in cervical cancer. Although lymph node status is not involved in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system of uterine cervical cancer, the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis provides important information for prognosis and treatment. In this review, we have attempted to focus on the incidence and patterns of lymph node metastasis, and the issues surrounding surgical assessment of lymph nodes. In addition, the preoperative prediction of lymph node status, as well as the intraoperative assessment by sentinel nodes will be reviewed. Finally, lymph node micrometastasis also will be discussed.

Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with elastography in evaluating cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma

BACKGROUND Cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) affects the treatment and prognosis of patients. Ultrasound is a common imaging method for detecting cervical lymph nodes in PTC patients; however, it is not accurate in determining lymph node metastasis.AIM To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with elastography in evaluating cervical lymph node metastasis in PTC.METHODS A total of 94 patients with PTC were recruited. According to pathological results,lymph nodes were divided into two groups: metastatic group(n = 50) and reactive group(n = 63). The routine ultrasound findings, contrast-enhanced ultrasound and elastography data were recorded and compared. Logistic regression was used to generate predictive probability distributions for the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis with different indicators. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to test the efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with elastography based on routine ultrasound in evaluating PTC cervical lymph node metastasis.RESULTS The ratio of long diameter/short diameter(L/S) ≤ 2, irregular marginal morphology, missing lymphatic portal, peripheral or mixed blood flow distribution, peak intensity(PI), non-uniform contrast distribution and elasticity score in the metastatic group were significantly higher than those in the reactive group(P < 0.05). L/S ratio, missing lymphatic portal, PI and elasticity score had a significant influence on the occurrence of PTC cervical lymph node metastasis(P< 0.05). Furthermore, the area under the curve(AUC) for lymph node metastasis diagnosed using the combination of PI ratio, elasticity score, missing lymphatic portal and LS was 0.936, which was significantly higher than the AUC for PI ratio alone. The difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). The fitting equation for the combined diagnosis was logit(P) =-12.341 + 1.482 × L/S ratio + 3.529 ×missing lymphatic portal + 0.392 × PI + 3.288 × elasticity score.CONCLUSION Based on the gray-scale ultrasound, the combination of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and elastography can accurately assess PTC cervical lymph node metastasis.

Relationship between Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Meta-analysis

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） and lymph node metastasis（LNM） in papillary thyroid cancer（PTC）. VEGF-related articles that had been published until August 2016 were searched from the Pub Med, EMBASE, and MEDLINE to identify the risk factors of LNM in PTC. Rev Man 5.3 software was used for the meta-analysis. Finally, 9 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in our meta-analysis. LNM was found to be present in 176 of 318 patients（57.8%） with high VEGF expression and in 71 of 159 patients（47.0%） with low VEGF expression. The overall OR was 2.81（95% confidence interval, 1.49–5.29）. LNM occurred more frequently in patients with high VEGF expression than in those with low VEGF expression（P=0.001）. Heterogeneity was markedly decreased in the subgroup analyses of LNM in terms of the patients＇ country of origin and the detection methods. Our meta-analysis concluded that the VEGF protein expression is associated with LNM in PTC.

Clinical and Sonographic Assessment of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in clinical and sonographic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma（PTC） between cervical lymph node metastatic（CLNM） and nonmetastatic groups.Clinical data of PTC patients（414 patients with 624 malignant nodules） who underwent a preoperative ultrasonography and surgery between June 2010 and March 2015 at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were retrospectively analyzed.Clinical factors,preoperative ultrasound features and the final pathological findings were obtained.The differences in the sonographic features of PTC between the CLNM group and the non-CLNM group were analyzed.There were 187 CLNM and 227 non-CLNM patients.The median age at the diagnosis of this cohort was 45.4 years old（ranging from 18 to 77 years）.Ultrasonographic parameters that were significantly associated with CLNM [OR=2.569（1.502,4.393）,P〈0.001）] were as follows：the mulifocality of the nodules,size over 2 cm,the presence of microcalcifications,the distance ratio（DR） pattern showing the contact of the nodules with the thyroid capsule,and the extracapsular spread of the nodules.No significant differences in age,gender,thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH） levels and other ultrasonography parameters were found between the CLNM and the non-CLNM groups.Therefore,our results suggest that a larger size,microcalcifications,mulifocality,and the DR pattern showing the contact of the nodules with the thyroid capsule and extracapsular spread are significantly more indicative of CLNM in PTC.

Separate lateral parametrial lymph node dissection improves detection rate of parametrial lymph node metastasis in early-stage cervical cancer: 10-year clinical evaluation in a single center in China

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of separate lateral parametrial lymph node dissection(LPLND) in improving parametrial lymph node(PLN) and its metastasis detection rate during radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer.Methods: From July 2007 to August 2017, 2,695 patients with cervical cancer in stage IB1-IIA2 underwent radical hysterectomy were included. Of these patients, 368 underwent separate dissection of PLNs using the LPLND method, and 2,327 patients underwent conventional radical hysterectomy(CRH). We compared the surgical parameters, PLN detection rate and PLN metastasis rate between the two groups.Results: Compared with CRH group, the rate of laparoscopic surgery was higher(60.3% vs. 15.9%, P<0.001),and the blood transfusion rate was lower(19.0% vs. 29.0%, P<0.001) in the LPLND group. PLNs were detected in 356 cases(96.7%) in the LPLND group, and 270 cases(11.6%) in the CRH group(P<0.001), respectively. The number of PLNs detected in the LPLND group was higher than that in the CRH group(median 3 vs. 1, P<0.001).The PLN metastases were detected in 25 cases(6.8%) in the LPLND group, and 18 cases(0.8%) in the CRH group(P<0.001), respectively. In multivariable analysis, LPLND is an independent factor not only for PLN detection [odds ratio(OR)=228.999, 95% confidence interval(95% CI): 124.661-420.664;P<0.001], but also for PLN metastasis identification(OR=10.867, 95% CI: 5.381-21.946;P<0.001).Conclusions: LPLND is feasible and safe. The surgical method significantly improves the detection rate of PLN and avoids omission of PLN metastasis during radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer.

Comparison of efficacy and safety between late-course and simultaneous integrated dose-increasing intensity-modulated radiation therapy for cervical cancer complicated with pelvic lymph node metastasis

Objective This study aimed to compare and analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of late-course and simultaneous integrated dose-increasing intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) for cervical cancer complicated with pelvic lymph node metastasis. Methods Sixty patients with cervical cancer complicated with pelvic lymph node metastasis who were admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to January 2015 were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into the late-course dose-increasing IMRT group and the simultaneous integrated dose-increasing IMRT group, with 30 cases included in each group, respectively. All patients were concurrently treated with cisplatin. After treatment, the clinical outcomes of the two groups were compared. Results The remission rate of symptoms in the simultaneous integrated dose-increasing IMRT group was significantly higher than that in the late-course dose-increasing IMRT group(P < 0.05). The follow-up results showed that the overall survival time, progression-free survival time, and distant metastasis time of patients in the simultaneous integrated dose-increasing IMRT group were significantly longer than those in the late-course dose-increasing IMRT group(P < 0.05). The recurrent rate of lymph nodes in the radiation field in the simultaneous integrated dose-increasing IMRT group was significantly lower(P < 0.05) than in the late-course dose-increasing IMRT group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of cervical and vaginal recurrence and distant metastasis between the two groups(P > 0.05). The radiation doses of Dmax in the small intestine, D1 cc(the minimum dose to the 1 cc receiving the highest dose) in the bladder, and Dmax in the rectum in the simultaneous integrated dose-increasing IMRT group were significantly lower(P < 0.05) than in the late-course dose-increasing IMRT group. There was no significant difference in intestinal D2 cc(the minimum dose to the 2 cc receiving the highest dose) between the two groups(P > 0.05). The incidence of bone marrow suppression in the simultaneous integrated dose-increasing IMRT group was significantly lower(P < 0.05) than in the late-course dose-increasing IMRT group.Conclusion The application of simultaneous integrated dose-increasing IMRT in the treatment of cervical cancer patients complicated with pelvic lymph node metastasis can significantly control tumor progression, improve the long-term survival time, and postpone distant metastasis time with high safety.

Clinical value of regional lymph node sorting in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Increasing evidence have shown that regional lymph node metastasis is a critical prognostic factor in gastric cancer(GC).In addition,lymph node dissection is a key factor in determining the appropriate treatment for GC.However,the association between the number of positive lymph nodes and area of lymph node metastasis in GC remains unclear.AIM To investigate the clinical value of regional lymph node sorting after radical gastrectomy for GC.METHODS This study included 661 patients with GC who underwent radical gastrectomy at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital between January 2012 and June 2020.The patients were divided into regional sorting and non-sorting groups.Clinicopathological data were collected and retrospectively reviewed to determine the differences in the total number of lymph nodes and number of positive lymph nodes between the groups.Independent sample t-tests were used for intergroup comparisons.Continuous variables that did not conform to a normal distribution were expressed as median(interquartile range),and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for inter-group comparisons.RESULTS There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the surgical method,tumor site,immersion depth,and degree of differentiation.The total number of lymph nodes was significantly higher in the regional sorting group(n=324)than in the non-sorting group(n=337)(32.5 vs 21.2,P<0.001).There was no significant difference in the number of positive lymph nodes between the two groups.A total of 212 patients with GC had lymph node metastasis in the lymph node regional sorting group,including 89(41.98%)cases in the first dissection station and 123(58.02%)cases in the second dissection station.Binary and multivariate logistic regression results showed that the number of positive lymph nodes(P<0.001)was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastases at the second dissection station.CONCLUSION Regional sorting of lymph nodes after radical gastrectomy may increase the number of detected lymph nodes,thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of lymph node staging in clinical practice.

Increasing the accuracy and reproducibility of positron emission tomography radiomics for predicting pelvic lymph node metastasis in patients with cervical cancer using 3D local binary pattern-based texture features

Background The reproducibility of positron emission tomography(PET)radiomics features is affected by several factors,such as scanning equipment,drug metabolism time and reconstruction algorithm.We aimed to explore the role of 3D local binary pattern(LBP)-based texture in increasing the accuracy and reproducibility of PET radiomics for predicting pelvic lymph node metastasis(PLNM)in patients with cervical cancer.Methods We retrospectively analysed data from 177 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma.They un-derwent18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18 F-FDG)whole-body PET/computed tomography(PET/CT),followed by pelvic 18 F-FDG PET/magnetic resonance imaging(PET/MR).We selected reproducible and informative PET radiomics features using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm,and established 4 models,PET/CT,PET/CT-fusion,PET/MR and PET/MR-fusion,using the logistic regression al-gorithm.We performed receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis to evaluate the models in the training data set(65 patients who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection)and test data set(112 patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy or no treatment).The DeLong test was used for pairwise comparison of the ROC curves among the models.Results The distribution of age,squamous cell carcinoma(SCC),International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics stage and PLNM between the training and test data sets were different(P<0.05).The LBP-transformed radiomics features(50/379)had higher reproducibility than the original radiomics features(9/107).Accuracy of each model in predicting PLNM was as follows:training data set:PET/CT=PET/CT-fusion=PET/MR-fusion(0.848)and test data set:PET/CT=PET/CT-fusion(0.985)>PET/MR=PET/MR-fusion(0.954).There was no statistical difference between the ROC curve of PET/CT and PET/MR models in both data sets(P>0.05).Conclusions The LBP-transformed radiomics features based on PET images could increase the accuracy and reproducibility of PET radiomics in predicting pelvic lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer to allow the model to be generalised for clinical use across multiple centres.

超声及血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363联合诊断PTMC颈部淋巴结转移的临床价值

目的 研究超声及血清细胞角蛋白19(CK-19)、半乳糖凝集素3(Galectin-3)及微小核糖核酸-363(miRNA-363)联合诊断甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)颈部淋巴结转移(CLNM)的临床价值。方法 回顾性选取2021年7月至2023年6月在天津市环湖医院诊断的PTMC患者92例纳入研究组,选择同期本院收治的结节性微小甲状腺肿患者92例纳入对照组。观察两组病灶情况及超声特点;比较两组血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363水平,研究组是否发生CLNM患者病灶超声特点及血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363水平。分析PTMC~CLNM超声特点与血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363水平的相关性。结果 研究组多枚病灶、病灶>0.5 mm、病灶纵横比≥1、病灶形态不规则、病灶边缘模糊、病灶微钙化、病灶低回声、淋巴结肿大占比分别为70.65%、71.74%、82.61%、61.96%、72.83%、80.43%、84.78%、70.65%,均大于对照组(31.52%、52.17%、27.17%、25.00%、19.57%、15.22%、66.30%、22.83%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组血清CK-19、Galectin-3水平分别为(30.45±3.31)、(4.68±0.48)μg/L,均高于对照组[(7.05±0.73)、(1.72±0.19)μg/L],血清miRNA-363水平为(2.89±0.30) fmol/L,低于对照组[(4.30±0.46) fmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组发生CLNM患者多枚病灶、病灶形态不规则、病灶边缘模糊、病灶微钙化、淋巴结肿大占比分别为90.91%、86.36%、95.45%、100.00%、90.91%,均大于未发生CLNM患者(64.29%、54.29%、0、25.00%、64.29%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组发生CLNM患者血清CK-19、Galectin-3水平(41.20±4.42)、(5.94±0.62)μg/L,均高于未发生CLNM患者[(24.36±2.71)、(3.25±0.34)μg/L],血清miRNA-363水平为(2.14±0.23) fmol/L,低于未发生CLNM患者[(3.46±0.36) fmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Pearson相关分析,CLNM患者多枚病灶、病灶形态不规则、病灶边缘模糊、淋巴结肿大及血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363水平均与CLNM呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 超声及血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363联合诊断PTMC~CLNM具有较高的临床价值。

DCE-MRI联合IVIM-DWI诊断宫颈癌淋巴结转移的价值研究

目的 分析动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-M RI)联合体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像(IVIM-DWI)对宫颈癌淋巴结转移的预测价值,为宫颈癌淋巴结转移的诊治提供参考依据。方法回顾性纳入2021年6月-2023年6月收治于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院并经病理确诊的103例宫颈癌患者临床资料进行分析,根据是否发生盆腔淋巴结转移分为转移组(26例)和未转移组(77例)。于根治性子宫切除术前对患者进行DCE-MRI和IVIM-DWI检查,获取相关检查参数[DCE-MRI参数包括容量转运常数(K^(trans))、速率常数(K_(ep))、血管外间隙容积分数(V_(e)),IVIM-DWI参数包括表观扩散系数(ADC)、纯扩散系数(D)、伪扩散系截(D^(*))和灌注分数(f)],对比两组DCE-MRI和IVIMDWI参数的差异性,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析DCE-MRI联合IVIM-DWI对宫颈癌淋巴结转移的预测价值。结果在IVIM-DW参数中,转移组D值低于未转移组,f值高于未转移组(P<0.05);两组ADC、D^(*)值比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在DCEMRI参数中,转移组K^(trans)、V_(e)值均高于未转移组(P<0.05);两组K_(ep)值比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。绘制ROC曲线显示,D、f、K^(trans)、V_(e)单独预测宫颈癌淋巴结转移的价值中等,曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.842、0.749、0.785、0.828,特异度分别为0.714、0.688、0.662、0.766,敏感度分别为0.846、0.731、0.846、0.731;而各参数联合对宫颈癌淋巴结转移的预测价值较高,AUC为0.959,特异度为0.883,敏感度为0.923。结论DCE-MRI与IVIM-DWI检查获取的D、f、K^(trans)、V_(e)等参数均是预测宫颈癌淋巴结转移的理想指标,且上述参数联合对宫颈癌淋巴结转移具有更高的预测价值。

Reid阴道镜评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量在宫颈癌中的临床应用价值研究

目的研究Reid阴道镜评分(以下简称Reid评分)、高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)mRNA表达量与宫颈癌国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)分期、血清常规肿瘤标志物水平的相关性及对宫颈癌术后淋巴结转移的预测价值。方法选取2021年3月至2022年5月在菏泽市立医院就诊的100例宫颈癌患者作为宫颈癌组,另选同期诊治的50例低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)患者作为LSIL组,50例高级别鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)患者作为HSIL组。比较3组Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量及血清常规肿瘤标志物[糖类抗原125(CA125)、癌胚抗原(CEA)]水平;分析宫颈癌组Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量与血清常规肿瘤标志物水平及宫颈癌FIGO分期的相关性;根据宫颈癌组患者术后随访结果分为术后有淋巴结转移和无淋巴结转移,比较有无淋巴结转移患者Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量及血清CA125、CEA水平,分析Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量对宫颈癌术后淋巴结转移的预测价值。结果宫颈癌组Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量及血清CA125、CEA水平均高于HSIL组、LSIL组(P<0.05);HSIL组Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量及血清CA125、CEA水平均高于LSIL组(P<0.05)。宫颈癌患者Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量与血清CA125、CEA水平均呈正相关(r=0.405~0.705,P<0.05)。Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量与宫颈癌FIGO分期呈正相关(r=0.415、0.501,P<0.05)。宫颈癌组术后淋巴结转移患者的Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量及血清CA125、CEA水平均高于无淋巴结转移的患者(P<0.001)。Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量、CA125、CEA预测宫颈癌术后淋巴结转移的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.756(95%CI:0.657~0.838)、0.760(95%CI:0.662~0.841)、0.803(95%CI:0.710~0.877)、0.768(95%CI:0.670~0.848)。将CA125、CEA联合检测作为常规预测方案,Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量、CA125、CEA联合检测作为新预测方案,常规预测方案预测宫颈癌术后淋巴结转移的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.826(95%CI:0.724~0.889),新预测方案预测宫颈癌术后淋巴结转移的AUC为0.955(95%CI:0.892~0.987),新预测方案预测的AUC明显大于常规预测方案(Z=1.981,P=0.045)。与常规预测方案比较,新预测方案的净重新分类指数为0.021(95%CI:0.015~0.039)、综合判别改善指数为0.046(95%CI:0.033~0.069),均P<0.05。结论Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量与宫颈癌FIGO分期及血清CEA、CA125水平相关,且在预测宫颈癌术后淋巴结转移方面具有一定价值。

宫颈癌淋巴结转移患者PD-L1与TILs表达水平及其与预后的关系

目的探讨宫颈癌淋巴结转移患者程序性死亡配体-1(PD-L1)、肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞亚群(TILs)表达水平及其与患者预后的关系。方法选取2007年1月至2013年9月在梅州市人民医院诊治并接受宫颈癌根治性切除术后发生淋巴结转移的101例患者作为研究对象。采用免疫组织化学法检测PD-L1、CD4^(+)TILs、CD8^(+)TILs、叉头翼螺旋转录因子3(Foxp3)^(+)TILs表达水平。比较不同PD-L1表达水平患者临床病理特征差异;采用Spearman相关对PD-L1表达水平与TILs密度的相关性进行分析;采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析法分析PD-L1表达水平、TILs密度及密度比值与累计生存率的关系;采用Cox比例风险模型分析患者预后的独立影响因素。结果PD-L1表达于肿瘤细胞的细胞质和(或)细胞膜,阳性表达率为34.65%(35/101);CD4^(+)TILs计数为94(45,190);CD8^(+)TILs计数为63(31,117);FoxP3^(+)TILs计数为6.0(2.5,13.5);FoxP3^(+)TILs/CD8^(+)TILs比值为0.109(0.036,0.193)。PD-L1阳性表达组与PD-L1阴性表达组CD4^(+)TILs、CD8^(+)TILs、FoxP3^(+)TILs密度比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PD-L1表达情况与CD4^(+)TILs、CD8^(+)TILs、FoxP3^(+)TILs密度均呈正相关(r=0.305、0.222、0.222,P=0.002、0.026、0.026)。生存组与死亡组CD4^(+)TILs密度、CD8^(+)TILs密度和PD-L1表达情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术年龄<50岁、PD-L1阳性表达、CD4^(+)TILs高密度、CD8^(+)TILs高密度、FoxP3^(+)TILs/CD8^(+)TILs低比值患者累计生存率均高于手术年龄≥50岁、PD-L1阴性表达、CD4^(+)TILs低密度、CD8^(+)TILs低密度、FoxP3^(+)TILs/CD8^(+)TILs高比值患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,PD-L1阳性表达、CD8^(+)TILs高密度是患者预后的独立保护因素(P<0.05)。结论PD-L1、CD4^(+)TILs、CD8^(+)TILs、FoxP3^(+)TILs/CD8^(+)TILs比值与宫颈癌淋巴结转移患者预后均有关,其中PD-L1阳性表达、CD8^(+)TILs高密度是宫颈癌淋巴结转移患者预后的独立保护因素。

DCE-MRI联合IVIM-DWI预测早期宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移的价值

目的探讨动态对比增强MRI(dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI,DCE-MRI)联合体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像(intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging,IVIM-DWI)预测早期宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移(pelvic lymph node metastasis,PLNM)的价值。材料与方法回顾性分析124例经病理证实为国际妇产科联盟(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics,FIGO)ⅠB~ⅡA期宫颈癌患者的临床及影像资料,比较PLNM组与无PLNM组原发肿瘤DCE-MRI及IVIM-DWI定量参数的差异,采用多因素logistic回归分析确定独立危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估各参数诊断效能。结果PLNM组容积转运常数(volume transfer constant,K^(trans);t=6.203,P<0.001)、灌注分数(perfusion fraction,f;t=3.944,P<0.001)、表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC;Z=4.393,P<0.001)、细胞外血管外间隙容积比(extravascular extracellular volume fraction,V_(e);Z=2.312,P=0.021)低于无PLNM组,差异均有统计学意义,多因素logistic回归分析示K^(trans)(P<0.001)、f(P=0.003)、ADC(P=0.031)是宫颈癌PLNM的独立危险因素,ROC曲线示K^(trans)、f、ADC预测PLNM的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.808、0.707、0.745;与单一参数相比,三者联合预测PLNM的诊断效能最高,AUC为0.893,敏感度和特异度分别为82.4%、86.8%。结论早期宫颈癌原发肿瘤DCE-MRI的K^(trans)、V_(e)及IVIM-DWI的f、ADC有助于鉴别PLNM。独立危险因素K^(trans)、f、ADC具有较高的预测价值,三者联合应用可进一步提高诊断效能。

宫颈癌患者淋巴脉管间隙浸润的影响因素及ADC值结合DISCO参数在宫颈癌淋巴脉管浸润中的诊断价值

目的探讨宫颈癌患者淋巴脉管间隙浸润(LVSI)的影响因素及表观扩散系数(ADC)值结合超快动态增强扫描(DISCO)参数在宫颈癌LVSI中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2021年11月至2022年10月南京医科大学附属妇产医院(南京市妇幼保健院)收治的129例早期宫颈癌患者的病例资料。采用GE SIGNA Architect 3.0T MR仪行盆腔扫描,根据患者是否出现LVSI,分为LVSI阳性组(n=94)及LVSI阴性组(n=35)。分析LVSI阳性组与LVSI阴性组患者的基础资料[年龄、术前国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)分期、组织学类型、组织学分级、浸润深度、脉管内癌栓、神经侵犯、宫旁侵犯、淋巴结转移、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCCA)、病灶最大径、平均ADC值、血管外细胞外间隙容积比(Ve)、增强曲线下初始面积(IAUGC)、速率常数(Kep)、铜蓝蛋白(CER)、最大增强斜率(MaxSlope)、容量转移常数(Ktrans)、肩胛间棕色脂肪组织(BAT)];采用多因素Logistic回归分析对宫颈癌患者LVSI影响因素进行分析;采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评估ADC值、DISCO参数对宫颈癌LVSI的诊断效能。结果LVSI阳性组与LVSI阴性组患者的年龄、ADC值、术前FIGO分期、组织学类型、浸润深度、脉管内癌栓、神经侵犯、淋巴结转移、Ve、Kep、MaxSlope、Ktrans比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,LVSI阳性的影响因素包括神经侵犯、淋巴结转移、ADC值降低、Ve增加、Kep降低、MaxSlope降低、Ktrans增加(P<0.05)。ROC结果显示,ADC、Ve、Kep、MaxSlope、Ktrans诊断宫颈癌LVSI阳性的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.988、0.886、0.909、0.957、0.854,各指标对宫颈癌LVSI阳性均具有较好的诊断效能(P<0.05)。结论LVSI阳性的影响因素包括神经侵犯、淋巴结转移、ADC值降低、Ve增加、Kep降低、MaxSlope降低、Ktrans增加。ADC值结合DISCO参数均可用于宫颈癌LVSI阳性的诊断。

治疗前多参数MRI影像组学特征预测晚期宫颈鳞癌患者新辅助化疗后淋巴结转移

目的基于治疗前多参数磁共振成像(multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging,mpMRI)影像组学特征,结合临床变量构建模型,预测局部晚期宫颈鳞癌(locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma,LACSCC)患者新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NACT)后淋巴结转移状况。材料与方法回顾性分析两个中心2013年1月至2022年2月的265例接受NACT并行根治性子宫切除术的LACSCC患者病例及影像,中心1的数据用于模型训练,中心2的数据用于模型验证。所有患者NACT治疗前行盆腔MRI检查。于矢状位T2加权成像(sagittal T2-weighted imaging,Sag_T2WI)、轴位弥散加权成像(axial diffusion-weighted imaging,Ax_DWI)和延迟期矢状位对比增强T1加权成像(sagittal T1-weighted contrast-enhanced imaging,Sag_T1C)勾画肿瘤感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)并提取影像组学特征。通过K最佳(K-Best)及最小绝对值收缩与选择算法(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)降维并筛选出与淋巴结转移强相关影像组学特征。基于每个序列筛选后的组学特征构建三个单序列模型,在所有特征间作相关性分析,排除高度相关的组学特征,并对临床变量进行多变量回归分析,融合临床变量及筛选后的影像组学特征构建临床-影像组学的组合模型,比较模型间性能差异。利用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线及决策曲线(decision curve analysis,DCA)评估模型的诊断性能及临床效能。结果Sag_T2WI、Ax_DWI、Sag_T1C三个序列分别筛选出6、3、7个与淋巴结转移高度相关的组学特征,其中2个形状特征和10个纹理特征被纳入组合模型。多因素logistic回归分析显示MRI评估的淋巴结状态是淋巴结转移的预测因素(P<0.05)。与单序列模型相比,组合模型具有更好的预测能力,在训练集和验证集的诊断能力最高,ROC曲线下面积、敏感度和特异度分别为0.848[95%(confidence interval,CI):0.785~0.912]、78.2%、74.4%和0.827(95%CI:0.737~0.917)、80.8%、69.4%。DCA显示如果风险阈值超过60%,则用组合模型预测LACSCC患者NACT后淋巴结状态可获得较大的临床效益。结论基于治疗前MRI,联合Sag_T2WI、Ax_DWI、Sag_T1C三个序列的组学特征及临床信息对LACSCC患者NACT后淋巴结转移具有较好的预测效能。

超声联合Galectin-3、CK19、CD56在甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移中的诊断价值

目的 回顾性分析超声联合半乳凝素-3(Galectin-3)、细胞角蛋白19(CK19)、CD56在甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)颈部淋巴结转移(CLNM)中的诊断价值。方法 回顾性选取2022年1月至2023年11月于安庆市立医院行手术治疗的98例PTC患者的临床资料。按照是否发生CLNM将98例PTC患者分为CLNM组(n=25)、非CLNM组(n=73)。所有患者均行超声及Galectin-3、CK19、CD56诊断,观察两组性别、年龄及超声特征;PTC患者Galectin-3、CK19、CD56表达情况;两组Galectin-3、CK19、CD56表达情况;采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析超声联合Galectin-3、CK19、CD56对PTC CLNM的诊断价值;经多因素Logistic回归分析法分析导致PTC CLNM的因素。结果 两组性别、年龄、病灶部位、边缘规则情况、回声高低、回声均匀及病灶内部成分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组病灶数目、病灶最大径、被膜侵犯、纵横比及微钙化比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经免疫组织化学染色法检测,PTC患者Galectin-3、CK19及CD56的阳性表达率分别为84.69%、82.65%、38.78%。CLNM组患者Galectin-3、CK19、CD56阳性表达率分别为100.00%、100.00%、12.00%,其中Galectin-3、CK19阳性表达率均高于非CLNM组(79.45%、76.71%),CD56阳性表达率低于非CLNM组(47.95%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经ROC曲线分析,超声联合Galectin-3、CK19、CD56对PTC CLNM的诊断价值高于四者单独诊断PTC CLNM的诊断价值。经多因素Logistic回归分析,年龄<30、病灶最大径>10 mm、被膜侵犯、纵横比>1、微钙化及Galectin-3、CK19是导致PTC CLNM的危险因素(P<0.05),CD56阳性是PTC CLNM的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 超声联合Galectin-3、CK19、CD56对PTC CLNM具有较高的诊断价值。

血清miR-145和miR-195在OSCC患者中的表达及其与颈部淋巴结转移的关系分析

目的 分析血清微小RNA(miR)-145和miR-195在口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)患者中的表达及其与颈部淋巴结转移的关系。方法 选取2020年1月至2022年6月在该院确诊的102例OSCC患者为OSCC组,收集整理OSCC患者临床病理参数,根据是否发生颈部淋巴结转移将患者分为颈部淋巴结转移组43例和无颈部淋巴结转移组59例;同期选取79例癌前病变患者为癌前病变组,86例无口腔病变的体检健康者为健康对照组。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测血清miR-145、miR-195相对表达水平;采用受试者工作特征曲线分析检验血清miR-145、miR-195相对表达水平对OSCC患者颈部淋巴结转移的评估价值。结果 OSCC组血清miR-145、miR-195相对表达水平低于癌前病变组、健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。癌前病变组血清miR-145、miR-195相对表达水平低于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肿瘤低分化、TNM分期Ⅲ+Ⅳ期的OSCC患者血清miR-145、miR-195相对表达水平低于肿瘤中/高分化、TNM分期Ⅰ+Ⅱ期的OSCC患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。颈部淋巴结转移组血清miR-145、miR-195相对表达水平低于无颈部淋巴结转移组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清miR-145、miR-195相对表达水平单独及二者联合评估OSCC患者颈部淋巴结转移的曲线下面积分别为0.840(95%CI:0.765~0.915)、0.832(95%CI:0.754~0.910)、0.898(95%CI:0.841~0.956),特异度分别为79.1%、88.4%、77.5%,灵敏度分别为74.6%、67.8%、87.4%。结论 血清miR-145、miR-195在OSCC患者中低表达,且与OSCC患者颈部淋巴结转移、肿瘤分化程度、TNM分期有关,可作为评估OSCC患者颈部淋巴结转移的重要指标。

Lingual lymph nodes:Anatomy,clinical considerations,and oncological significance

Lingual lymph nodes are an inconstant group of in-transit nodes,which are located on the route of lymph drainage from the tongue mucosa to the regional nodes in neck levels I and II.There is growing academic data on the metastatic spread of oral cancer,particularly regarding the spreading of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma to lingual nodes.These nodes are not currently included in diagnostic and treatment protocols for oral tongue cancer.Combined information on surgical anatomy,clinical observations,means of detection,and prognostic value is presented.Anatomically obtained incidence of lingual nodes ranges from 8.6%to 30.2%.Incidence of lingual lymph node metastasis ranges from 1.3%to 17.1%.It is clear that lymph nodes that bear intervening tissues from the floor of the mouth should be removed to improve loco-regional control.Extended resection volume,which is required for the surgical treatment of lingual node metastasis,cannot be implied to every tongue cancer patient.As these lesions significantly influence prognosis,special efforts of their detection must be made.Reasonably,every tongue cancer patient must be investigated for the existence of lingual lymph node metastasis.Lymphographic tracing methods,which are currently implied for sentinel lymph node biopsies,may improve the detection of lingual lymph nodes.