Brachytherapy in cancer cervix: Time to move ahead from point A?

Brachytherapy forms an integral part of the radiation therapy in cancer cervix. The dose prescription for intracavitary brachytherapy(ICBT) in cancer cervix is based on Tod and Meredith's point A and has been in practice since 1938. This was proposed at a time when accessibility to imaging technology and dose computation facilities was limited. The concept has been in practice worldwide for more than half a century and has been the fulcrum of all ICBT treatments, strategies and outcome measures. The method is simple and can be adapted by all centres practicing ICBT in cancer cervix. However, with the widespread availability of imaging techniques, clinical use of different dose-rates, availability of a host of applicators fabricated with image compatible materials, radiobiological implications of dose equivalence and its impact on tumour and organs at risk; more and more weight is being laid down on individualised image based brachytherapy. Thus, computed tomography, magnetic-resonance imaging and even positron emission computerized tomographyalong with brachytherapy treatment planning system are being increasingly adopted with promising outcomes. The present article reviews the evolution of dose prescription concepts in ICBT in cancer cervix and brings forward the need for image based brachytherapy to evaluate clinical outcomes. As is evident, a gradual transition from "point" based brachytherapy to "profile" based image guided brachytherapy is gaining widespread acceptance for dose prescription, reporting and outcome evaluation in the clinical practice of ICBT in cancer cervix.

Analysis of 30 patients with persistent or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix within one year after concurrent chemoradiotherapy

Objective： To investigate the recurrence sites, risk factors, and prognosis of＇patients with persistent or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma （SCC） of the cervix within one year after undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy （CCRT）. Methods： Clinical data of 30 patients with persistent or recurrent SCC of the cervix within one year after CCRT between July 2006 and July 2011 were analyzed retrospectively： These data were compared with those of 35 SCC cases with no signs of recurrence after complete remission. These 35 patients were treated during the same period （between 2,006 and Z011） and selected randomly. Results： Among these 30 patients, 25 exhibited distant metastases of which 14 were observed within 6 months after CCRT. Univariate analysis showed higher incidence of pelvic or para-aortic lymphadenectasis and SCC-ag 〉 10 ng/mL in the group with persistent or recurrent disease before treatment （P〈0.01）. Multivariate analysis by logistic regression revealed that the pre-therapeutic pelvic or para-aortic lymph node enlargement and SCC-ag 〉 10 ng/mL were the independent risk factors. Palliative chemotherapy was the main treatment option for patients with persistent or recurrent disease. The 2-year survival rate was 21.7%, and the median survival time was 17 months. Conclusion： Patients with persistent or recurrent SCC of the cervix after CCRT exhibited a high rate of distant metastasis with poor prognosis. The pre-therapeutic pelvic or para-aortic lymph node enlargement and SCC-ag 〉10 ng/mL were identified as the independent risk factors for persistent or recurrent SCC within i year after CCRT.

Malignant neoplasms of the uterus following radiation therapy for cervical carcinoma: a clinical study of 47 cases

Objective： To study the characteristics and clinical features of uterine neoplasms developed after radiation therapy for cervical carcinoma. Methods： Clinical data of 47 cases of uterine neoplasms occurred following radiation therapy for cervical carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. Results： The median age at uterine neoplasms diagnosis was 62 years （range： 38-77 years）, and the median latency period from initial therapy to development of uterine neoplasms was 14 years （range： 5-35 years）. Thirty of 47 cases were endometrial carcinoma, of which 3 were uterine papillary serous carcinoma （UPSC）. Seventeen of 47 patients were uterine sarcoma, all of those were carcinosarcoma. The distribution by stage, grade, and histology of 30 cases of endometrial carcinoma was as follows： stage Ⅰb, 1 case; stage Ⅰc, 2 cases; stage Ⅱ, 6; stage Ⅲa, 4; stage Ⅲb, 2; stage Ⅲc, 11; stage Ⅳ, 4 cases; grade 1, two cases; grade 2, nine; grade 3 （include 3 UPSC patients）, seventeen; unknown grade, two; endometriod, 27; UPSC, 3 cases; 7 of 30 cases of endometrial carcinoma had recurrences （23.3%）, at median time to recurrence was 24 months, and their median survival time was 26 months. The overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 60% and 38%, respectively. Of the 17 cases of uterine sarcoma, the median survival was 10 months, 6 patients occurred recurrence （35.9%）, at a median time to recurrence was 9 months, and their median survival was 6 months. The overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 12% and 0, respectively. Conclusion： The main uterine neoplasms development after radiation therapy for cervical carcinoma is endometrial carcinomas, of which there is a preponderance of high-risk histological subtypes and a poor prognosis. Most of the uterine sarcomas occurred following radiation therapy for cervical carcinoma are carcinosarcomas and the prognosis is very poor.

The clinical practice of ^(252)Cf neutron brachytherapy devices on malignant tumor in China

The 252 Cf neutron brachytherapy devices were designed and manufactured after solving those problems： the shield difficulties for 252Cf neutron; the method and facilities for 252Cf neutron source deliver; the dose calculation and measurement for 252Cf neutron. From 1999 to 2009, more than twenty 252Cf neutron brachytherapy devices had been installed in China. The Chinese radiation oncologists implemented the 252 Cf neutron braehytherapy on more than 5 000 different kinds of cancer patients, including cervix cancer; endometrium cancer and achieved ideal results. For special presentation, they had breakthrough on radical treatment for low lying rectal adenocarcinoma with sphincter preservation and melanoma patients after the modification of 252Cf neutron intracavitary applicator and dose calibration.

Organ at Risk Doses during High Dose Rate Intracavitary Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer: A Dosimetric Study

Background: Treatment of Cervical cancer includes a combination of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT). ICBT helps to boost radiation dose to primary disease. Organs like rectum, bladder, sigmoid and small bowel lie close to the cervix region and these organs receive dose from EBRT as well as ICBT and we want to know the dose to these organ at risk (OAR). Materials & Methods: Dosimetric details of 174 ICBT applications done in 58 patients were retrospectively analysed. All patients received EBRT dose of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions. All patients had ICBT, three sessions with 7 Gy prescribed to point A. Dosimetric data including dose to right and left point A and dose to OARs were recorded from Oncentra Planning System. Results: Mean dose to point A on right side was 6.89 Gy and left side was 6.91 Gy. Mean D2cc dose to rectum, bladder, sigmoid and small bowel was 3.5 Gy, 5.25 Gy, 4.75 Gy and 4.2 Gy respectively. Mean EQD2 dose combining EBRT and ICBT in point A was 78.7 Gy on right side and 79 Gy on left side. Mean EQD2 doses to D2cc of rectum, bladder, sigmoid and small bowel was 62 Gy, 74.4 Gy, 70.5 Gy and 66.5 Gy respectively. Conclusion: From the results of this dosimetric study it is evident that OARs like rectum, sigmoid, bladder & bowel are receiving only acceptable doses of radiation using point A prescribed CT based ICBT planning. Hence with regards to OAR doses, CT based ICBT planning with dose prescribed to point A is a feasible option.

Iodine-125 interstitial brachytherapy for experimental liver cancer

Objective：To study the effect of iodine-125 interstitial brachytherapy on liver cancer. Methods： Animal model of human liver cancer was established by injecting SMMC-7721 cells cultivated in vitro subcutaneously into the flank of BALB/c nude mice. Nude mice with tumor of 5 mm in diameter were randomly divided into 2 groups （n = 10）. One iodine-125 seed of apparent activity 0.8 mCi was implanted into the center of tumor in treatment group, whereas an inactive seed was implanted in control group. The other 20 nude mice with tumor reaching 10 mm in diameter were also treated as above. The size of tumor was determined weekly after implantation, and pathological examination and blood routine were taken on the 28th day. Results： Tumor growth was obviously inhibited in treatment group of tumor of 5 mm in diameter, and there was statistically significant difference in tumor volume between treatment and control groups （P〈0.01）. Around iodine-125 seed, apparent necrosis of tumor was shown in treatment group, accompanied by karyopyknosis and reduced plasma in residual tumor cells microscopically. Tumor growth was not inhibited in either treatment or control group of tumor of 10 mm in diameter. There was no obvious adverse effect except for decreased white blood cells in treatment groups. Conclusion： There is certain effect of iodine-125 interstitial braehytherapy on liver cancer, which is associated with the size of tumor.

Combining surgery with 125I brachytherapy for recurrent mediastinal dedifferentiated liposarcoma: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Dedifferentiated liposarcoma in the mediastinum is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm.A few previous case reports indicate that surgical resection is the major treatment,but frequent recurrence occurs locally.Due to its rarity,its clinical characteristics,optimal treatment and clinical outcomes remain unclear.Here,we report a case of multifocal recurrent dedifferentiated liposarcoma in the posterior mediastinum treated by combining surgery with 125I brachytherapy,and summarize its clinical features,treatment and prognosis.CASE SUMMARY A 75-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a history of gradual dysphagia for one year and aggravated dysphagia for 3 mo.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)revealed several large cystic-solid masses with lipomatous density,and calcification in the posterior-inferior mediastinum.The patient received a wide excision by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.Pathological analysis confirmed the tumors were dedifferentiated liposarcomas.The tumor locally relapsed 24 mo later,and another operation was performed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.Fifteen months after the second surgery,the tumor recurred again,and the patient received CT-guided radioactive seeds 125I implantation.After 8 mo,follow-up chest CT showed an enlarged tumor.Finally,his condition exacerbated with severe dysphagia and dyspnea,and he died of respiratory failure in July 2018.CONCLUSION We reviewed the literature,and suggest that surgical resection provides beneficial effects for dedifferentiated liposarcoma in the mediastinum,even in cases with local recurrence.125I brachytherapy may be beneficial for recurrent unresectable patients.

3D-打印非共面模板辅助CT引导放射性粒子植入治疗中晚期胰腺癌的临床研究

目的:评估3D-打印非共面模板辅助CT引导^(125)I粒子植入治疗中晚期胰腺癌的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月-2023年6月在2家医院接受放射性^(125)I粒子植入治疗的84例中晚期胰腺癌患者资料。其中20例为3D-打印非共面模板辅助125I粒子植入(A组),64例为徒手植入^(125)I粒子(B组)。所有患者进行术前计划、术后剂量验证。计算术前术后D_(90)、V_(90)、V_(100)、V_(150),以及2组患者手术操作时间。A组的中位随访时间为8.1个月,B组的中位随访时间为6.6个月。术后1~3个月行CT扫描,参照世界卫生组织(WHO)实体肿瘤疗效标准(RECIST)进行疗效评估。比较分析2组的总体生存(OS)及不良事件发生。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线用于计算生存率,并使用对数秩检验进行比较。Cox回归分析用于估计变量和结果之间关联的风险比(HR)和95%置信区间(CI)。结果:所有患者均成功植入^(125)I粒子。植入术后,A组和B组术后D_(90)均值、V_(90)、V_(100)、V_(150)与术前相比,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),分别为(145.18±5.00)Gy vs (135.14±4.21)Gy、(96.37±0.71)%vs (95.25±0.81)%、(94.47±0.92)%vs (92.84±1.08)%、(75.89±2.17)%vs(76.10±1.77)%,以及(136.15±1.58)Gy vs (134.96±1.49)Gy、(96.20±0.35)%vs (96.59±0.31)%、(93.80±0.40)%vs (93.93±0.40)%、(74.49±0.96)%vs (74.22±0.49)%。A组手术操作时间为(42.1±7.1)min (1次穿刺将全部穿刺针同时植入),低于B组的(57.6±6.5)min(穿刺次数一般2~3次),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组治疗总有效率为75.0%,B组治疗总有效率为70.3%,2组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.685)。A组和B组半年、1年、2年OS率分别为65%、20%、10%和56.7%、12.5%、4.7%,2组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.662)。病灶大小是OS的独立预测因素(P=0.001)。A组仅有2例患者发生术后少量渗血,静推2 U注射用蛇毒血凝酶(巴曲亭)后24 h内吸收。结论:3D打印模板辅助碘粒子植入治疗胰腺癌证明了有效性且缩短了手术时间、减少穿刺次数,降低手术难度,避免反复定位从而降低CT辐射受量,提高患者耐受度;在剂量学控制、术后近期疗效、总体生存率方面与徒手碘粒子植入治疗胰腺癌相比没有差异。

宫颈脂肪平滑肌瘤17例临床分析

目的:提高对宫颈脂肪平滑肌瘤(cervical lipoleiomyoma)的认识及治疗水平。方法:回顾性分析2011年9月—2023年4月首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院(我院)收治的17例经手术、病理确诊的宫颈脂肪平滑肌瘤患者的病例资料,分析其发病机制、临床表现、诊断与鉴别诊断及治疗。结果:我院17例患者平均发病年龄为(44.6±9.6)岁。患者主要表现为下腹痛或腰痛、月经量增多或无明显临床症状。全部患者行超声检查,均未提示宫颈脂肪平滑肌瘤,5例(29.4%)患者提示肌瘤变性。6例患者行盆腔磁共振成像检查,2例患者检出脂肪成分。17例患者均行手术治疗,术中见宫颈肌瘤结节,直径2.0~15.0 cm不等,术后均经病理证实为宫颈脂肪平滑肌瘤。随访3~141个月,仅1例患者术后9个月再次发现宫颈肿物,行根治性手术,术后病理证实为宫颈平滑肌瘤。结论:宫颈脂肪平滑肌瘤的发生较为罕见,缺乏特异性临床症状和影像学表现,诊断主要依靠手术探查和术后病理,治疗方法主要是手术治疗,并需要术后长期随访。

CXCR3和CXCL10在宫颈病变组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探究趋化因子受体3(CXCR3)和趋化因子配体10(CXCL10)在宫颈低级别上皮内病变组织、宫颈高级别上皮内病变组织以及宫颈癌组织中的表达与临床意义。方法:收集68例宫颈癌病人的宫颈蜡块标本、50例宫颈上皮内病变病人(其中高级别病变28例和低级别病变22例)的宫颈蜡块标本及12例正常宫颈的蜡块标本,对以上所有宫颈组织的CXCR3、CXCL10进行免疫组织化学染色,比较二者在宫颈低级别上皮内病变、宫颈高级别上皮内病变及宫颈癌组织和正常宫颈组织的表达差异,并分析宫颈癌组织中CXCR3、CXCL10的表达情况与病人临床病理特征的关系及相关性。结果:CXCR3、CXCL10在宫颈组织中的表达均随着宫颈病变程度的加重而呈现上升趋势(P<0.05);FIGO分期高、分化程度低以及有淋巴结转移宫颈癌组织中CXCR3与CXCL10的阳性表达率较高(P<0.05~P<0.01),病人的年龄、病理类型与二者阳性表达率的关系无统计学意义(P>0.05);宫颈癌组织中,CXCR3和CXCL10的表达呈正相关(r=0.790,P<0.05)。结论:CXCR3、CXCL10之间可能存在协同作用,并可促进宫颈病变的发生、发展及宫颈癌的进展、侵袭和转移。

植入^(125)I粒子治疗老年患者中晚期肺癌:效果与展望

大部分初次确诊肺癌患者年龄较高。植入^(125)I粒子治疗肺癌具有瘤内高剂量、周围组织放射性损伤小的优势,尤其适用于不能耐受手术及外放射治疗的老年患者。本文就植入^(125)I粒子治疗老年患者中晚期肺癌效果与其未来展望进行综述。

Ki-67抗原与子宫颈鳞癌新辅助化疗和放疗的敏感性研究

目的探讨Ki-67抗原与子宫颈鳞癌新辅助化疗(NACT)和放射治疗(RT)的敏感相关性。方法在新辅助化疗前后用免疫组化检测32例宫颈鳞癌组织Ki-67的表达。结果化疗前患者Ki-67的表达水平在不同年龄段组(<45岁和≥45岁)、不同临床期别组(Ⅰb～Ⅱa和Ⅱb～Ⅲb)和不同病理分级组(高中分化和低分化)之间相互比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.008、0.009、0.000)。化疗后患者Ki-67表达水平与化疗前比较明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。化疗前Ki-67表达程度不同,化疗和化放疗的疗效明显不同,化疗疗效高表达组与低表达组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.033);化放疗疗效高表达组与低表达组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.375);高表达组、低表达组对化疗和化放疗的疗效比较差异均有统计学意义(P=0.001、0.000)。结论子宫颈鳞癌治疗前Ki-67表达强度与化疗敏感性呈正相关;虽然存在Ki-67阳性表达强度愈强、NACT+RT的完全缓解率愈高的趋势,但未显示明显的放射敏感相关性;治疗前检测Ki-67表达可以为预测化疗和放疗敏感性提供客观依据,但Ki-67能否确定为预测子宫颈鳞癌新辅助化疗和放疗敏感性的可靠指标还需增加样本作进一步研究。

高剂量率与低剂量率近距离放射治疗宫颈癌的系统评价

目的:评价高剂量率(high dose rate,HDR)与低剂量率(low dose rate,LDR)近距离放射治疗技术对宫颈癌治疗的有效性和安全性。方法:计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库(Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,CBM)、中国期刊全文数据库(Chinese Journal Full Text Database,CJFD)和中文科技期刊全文数据库(Chinese Scientific Journals Full Text Database,CSJD),同时从参考文献中进行追溯查找,按纳入标准全面搜索相关的随机或半随机对照试验。按Cochrane系统评价的方法,采用RevMan 4.2.10软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入4项研究,1 253例患者。Meta分析结果显示,HDR组与LDR组相比,其3、5、10年生存率,3、5年骨盆控制率,3、5、10年无复发生存率差异均无统计学意义,相对危险度(95%的可信区间)分别为0.96(0.80～1.16)、0.92(0.83～1.01)和0.86(0.70～1.05),0.96(0.86～1.07)和0.95(0.87～1.05),1.02(0.84～1.23)、0.98(0.89～1.07)和1.02(0.88～1.19)。在复发和转移方面,其局部区域复发、局部复发联合远处转移、主动脉旁淋巴结转移和远处转移的差异也无统计学意义,相对危险度(95%的可信区间)分别为1.03(0.83～1.30)、2.23(0.78～6.34)、1.06(0.50～2.24)和1.00(0.76～1.32)。在3～5级迟发性并发症方面,膀胱、直肠乙状结肠和小肠并发症的发生率差异均无统计学意义,相对危险度(95%的可信区间)分别为1.08(0.18～6.63)、0.90(0.25～3.21)和3.12(0.96～10.15)。结论:本研究结果提示,HDR与LDR在提高宫颈癌患者生存率和肿瘤控制方面疗效相当。由于纳入研究的样本量较小且质量参差不齐,因此尚需设计科学严谨的大样本多中心随机对照试验以进一步验证。

骨桥蛋白在子宫内膜癌及子宫颈癌组织中的表达

目的:探讨骨桥蛋白(OPN)在子宫内膜癌及子宫颈癌组织中的表达及意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法测定OPN在30例子宫内膜癌、20例子宫颈癌及30例正常对照组织的表达,并评价其与临床病理特征的关系。结果:OPN在子宫内膜癌的阳性表达率为70％,显著高于正常增殖期子宫内膜(10％)及分泌期子宫内膜 (50％),P<0．01;OPN在子宫颈癌的阳性表达率(55％)显著高于正常宫颈上皮(10％),P<0．01;而宫颈磷癌及宫颈腺癌组织的阳性表达率分别为53．3％及60．0％,两者之间无统计学差异,P>0．05。OPN的阳性表达率随临床病理分期的增加及细胞分化程度降低而显著升高。结论:OPN在子宫内膜癌及子宫颈癌组织均有显著高表达,其表达与肿瘤分期及分级密切相关。

宫颈正常细胞和宫颈鳞状细胞癌、腺癌组织中HPV感染基因型的分布

目的观察宫颈正常细胞、宫颈鳞状细胞癌和腺癌组织标本中人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染的基因型分布情况及临床意义。方法采用PCR和基因芯片检测技术对1 047例宫颈正常细胞、161例宫颈鳞状细胞癌和82例宫颈腺癌组织标本进行23种HPV基因分型检测,并对受检者进行相关资料分析。结果 1 047例宫颈细胞正常者检出HPV感染为109例,HPV感染率为10.41%(109/1 047);161例宫颈鳞状细胞癌检出HPV感染者146例,HPV感染率为90.68%(146/161);82例宫颈腺癌检出HPV感染者59例,HPV感染率为71.95%(59/82)。结论 PCR与基因芯片检测技术可用于宫颈细胞和组织标本检测,一次可检测23种HPV基因型,对我国女性宫颈HPV感染的分子流行病学调查、宫颈鳞状细胞癌及腺癌的防治及其疫苗的研究具有十分重要的意义。

宫颈癌MMP-9表达与肿瘤血管生成、癌细胞增殖及侵袭转移的关系

背景和目的:基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrixmetalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)在肿瘤血管生成及肿瘤侵袭转移过程中起重要调节作用。本研究探讨MMP-9在早期宫颈癌的表达和临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测75例早期宫颈浸润癌(invasivecarcinomaofcervix,ICC)、18例宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(cervicalintraepithelialneoplasm,CIN)和15例正常宫颈上皮(normalcervicalepithelium,NCE)中MMP-9的表达情况,并检测其微血管密度(microvesseldensity,MVD)(CD34标记)和癌细胞增殖标记指数(Ki-67标记)。结果:在宫颈癌中,MMP-9主要表达于癌细胞膜和/或细胞浆;Ki-67主要表达于癌细胞核;CD34主要表达于间质血管内皮细胞。从正常宫颈上皮到宫颈上皮内瘤样病变再到宫颈浸润癌,MMP-9、Ki-67的阳性表达率和MVD均逐步显著升高(P<0.05)。MMP-9在ICC中表达与MVD显著正相关(r=0.287,P<0.05)。MMP-9在ICC中表达与盆腔淋巴结转移、脉管浸润、间质浸润、FIGO分期、组织学分级和Ki-67表达有关(P<0.05或P<0.01);而与年龄和组织学类型无关(P>0.05)。有盆腔淋巴结转移、脉管浸润、突破深层间质浸润、FIGO分期为Ⅱ期、组织学分级为Ⅲ级及Ki-67高度表达者,其MMP-9阳性表达率分别显著高于无盆腔淋巴结转移、无脉管浸润、浸润深度在浅层间质以内。

^(125)I粒子永久性植入组织间放射治疗肝癌

目的 :探讨12 5I组织间放射治疗肝癌的疗效。方法 :选择肝癌患者 84例 ,随机分为对照组 (A组 )与治疗组 (B组 ) ,A组 4 2例行手术治疗 (根治手术或姑息手术 )和化疗 ;B组 4 2例 ,除施行A组的治疗方案外 ,另行术中永久植入12 5I粒子。结果 :术前、术后 1w及 3个月内血象虽有显著差异 ,但均在正常范围内 ,免疫指标前后变化无统计学意义。A组 :12个月、2 4个月、36个月局部复发率分别为 4 1.7%、5 0 .0 %和 5 9.5 % ;12个月、2 4个月、36个月局部生存率分别为 81.3%、6 3.4 %和 4 7.6 %。B组 :12个月、2 4个月、36个月局部复发率分别为 0、6 .7%和 11.9% ;生存率分别为 94 .7%、87.5 %和 78.4 % ,两组的局部复发率及生存率有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :12 5I组织间放射治疗肝癌方法简单、安全 ,近期疗效确切 ,是治疗癌症的理想方法之一。

紫杉醇联合顺铂对局部晚期宫颈癌的疗效研究

目的:研究新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NACT)紫杉醇联合顺铂方案(TP)对局部晚期宫颈癌的近期疗效,分析化疗前后细胞核增殖抗原PCNA及凋亡抑制基因Survivin的变化,探讨其对宫颈癌的治疗意义。方法:手术前行新辅助化疗的宫颈癌患者30例为研究组,直接手术的20例患者为对照组,分析近期疗效。应用免疫组化方法检测宫颈癌组织的PCNA及Sur-vivin表达,分析其改变与化疗的关系和意义。结果:①研究组TP方案的总有效率为70%;②研究组TP方案盆腔淋巴结转移率(3.3%)显著低于对照组(25.0%);③临床有效组的PCNA高表达率及Survivin阳性率在NACT后明显降低(P<0.05),临床无效组则无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论:新辅助化疗TP方案对局部晚期宫颈癌有效,可降低盆腔淋巴转移率,化疗有效者的PCNA及Survivin表达明显降低,可能成为评价TP方案疗效的指标。

放射性粒子组织间植入治疗口腔颌面-头颈部腺源性恶性肿瘤近期疗效分析

目的：回顾分析单独应用125I放射性粒子组织间植入近距离放疗治疗口腔颌面-头颈部腺源性恶性肿瘤的近期疗效。方法：2001年至2008年北京大学口腔医院颌面外科头颈部腺源性恶性肿瘤患者43人,因全身或局部因素不能进行手术切除,肿瘤部位包括腮腺、舌、上颌、颌下、咽旁、颅底颞下凹和口底。肿瘤直径为28 cm。本组患者均采用了单独125I放射性粒子组织间植入治疗,粒子活度2.59×1072.96×107Bq（0.70.8 mCi）,周缘匹配剂量为120160 Gy。术后复查随访,统计有效率、局部控制率和生存率,以及副反应等情况。结果：治疗使29人获得了肿瘤完全消退（完全缓解complete remission,CR）,7人消退大于50%（部分缓解partial remission,PR）,4人消退小于50%,2人无效,有效率CR＋PR为83.7%。术后随访时间为848个月,平均21个月,失访1人,局部控制率为79%,总生存率为76.7%,最长无瘤生存已达48个月,未发现严重放疗副反应。结论：对于手术禁忌的患者或无法切除的腺源性肿瘤,放射性粒子组织间植入近距离放疗可以获得较好的近期疗效。

术前介入化疗治疗巨块型宫颈癌52例疗效分析

目的 :研究和探索术前新辅助介入化疗治疗巨块型宫颈癌的方法和可行性 ,评价其对宫颈癌的治疗效果及对根治术的辅助价值 .方法 :选取 1 998 0 9/ 2 0 0 0 0 1就诊的 5 2例巨块型宫颈癌患者 ,术前采用顺铂 5 0mg/m2 、5 氟尿嘧啶 1 0 0 0mg/m2 、丝裂霉素 2 0mg/m2 方案进行子宫动脉介入化疗 2～ 3疗程 ,并对有手术适应证者及时实行宫颈癌根治术 .结果 :介入化疗后 1 2例完全缓解 (CR) ,2 8例部分缓解 (PR) ,8例无变化 (NR) ,4例疾病进展 (PD) ,总有效率为 77% ,与化疗前相比肿瘤体积显著缩小 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,对其中 5 0例患者成功实施了宫颈癌根治术 .术后病理发现淋巴结转移者中CR1例 ,PR4例 ,NR或PD8例 ,均为盆腔淋巴结转移 .所有患者均未发生严重的化疗或手术并发症 .结论 :术前介入化疗可缩小宫颈癌病灶 ,并能减少淋巴结转移和复发 ,是一种安全有效的治疗方法 .