Sequence variation of partial cytochrome b genes between two Coilia species, C. ectenes and C. mystus, was in- vestigated. Of the 402 nucleotides, twenty-seven (6.72%) are polymorphic and all are synonymous substituti...Sequence variation of partial cytochrome b genes between two Coilia species, C. ectenes and C. mystus, was in- vestigated. Of the 402 nucleotides, twenty-seven (6.72%) are polymorphic and all are synonymous substitutions. At the third positions of genetic condon of cytochrome b gene, the two species show an extreme anti-G bias (<4%) and a pronounced bias towards A and C (>68%). There is no amino acid sequence divergence between the partial cytochrome b genes of the two species, indicating a close genetic relationship between them. The k-2p genetic distance of partial cytochrome b segment of the two species is 0.072, suggesting that the species were separated 3.6 Ma ago, in the middle Pliocene. Our result reveals that the cytochrome b gene is an appropriate marker for studies of population genetic structures and phylogeographic pat- terns of the two species.展开更多
Although the Suidae animals were one of the most prosperous mammals, their taxa and phylogeny were poorly studied. To bridge this research gap, the complete mitochondrial DNA cyt b sequences （1140 bp）of one red rive...Although the Suidae animals were one of the most prosperous mammals, their taxa and phylogeny were poorly studied. To bridge this research gap, the complete mitochondrial DNA cyt b sequences （1140 bp）of one red river pig （ Potamochoerus porcus ）, one bearded pig （ Sus barbatus ）, and several Eurasian wild boars （ Sus scorfa ） were determined with direct PCR sequencing method. Incorporated with the sequences of other Suidae species obtained from GenBank, the phylogentic trees of Suidae species were constructed by Neighbor-Joining and Most Parsimony method. Our resuits showed that the babirousa was sister group of all other species. The African species clustered into a single clade, while the Eurasian species formed the other clade. The phylogenetic positions of the Sus species were consistent with their geographical distribution. Based on our phylogeographical results, the Sus species could be classified into three groups： （1） the relatively primitive animals from Philippine Islands （such as S. cebifrons and S. philippensis ）, Sulawesi and it＇s adjacent islands （S. celebensis）, （2） the Eurasian wild boars （S. scrofa and the mysterious S. salvanius）, and （3） other pigs （such as S. barbatus and S. verrucosus）, which might further diverged as the islands type （such as S. barbatus from Sumatra and Borneo） and the continental type （such as Malay Peninsula wild boar）.展开更多
The classification and evolutionary relationships are important issues in the study of the groupers. Cytochrome b gene fragment of twenty-eight grouper species within six genera of subfamily Epinephelinae was amplifie...The classification and evolutionary relationships are important issues in the study of the groupers. Cytochrome b gene fragment of twenty-eight grouper species within six genera of subfamily Epinephelinae was amplified using PCR techniques and the sequences were analyzed to derive the phylogenetic relationships of the groupers from the China Seas. Genetic information indexes, including Kimura-2 parameter genetic distance and Ts/Tv ratios, were generated by using a variety of biology softwares. With Niphon spinosus, Pagrus major and Pagrus auriga as the designated outgroups, phylogenetic trees, which invoke additional homologous sequences of other Epinephelus fishes from GenBank, were constructed based on the neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum-parsimony (MP), maximum-likelihood (ML) and minimum-evolution (ME) methods. Several conclusions were drawn from the DNA sequences analysis: (1) genus Plectropomus, which was early diverged, is the most primitive group in the subfamily Epinephelinae; (2) genus Variola is more closely related to genus Cephalopolis than the other four genera; (3) genus Cephalopolis is a monophyletic group and more primitive than genus Epinephelus; (4) Promicrops lanceolatus and Cromileptes altivelis should be included in genus Epinephelus; (5) there exist two sister groups in genus Epinephelus.展开更多
Distribution area and taxonomic borders within the species complex Spermophilus erythrogenys sensu lato remain questionable.Early evidence suggests that red-cheeked ground squirrels of Southeast Kazakhstan are r...Distribution area and taxonomic borders within the species complex Spermophilus erythrogenys sensu lato remain questionable.Early evidence suggests that red-cheeked ground squirrels of Southeast Kazakhstan are remarkably different in terms of the acoustic structure of their alarm calls from the red-cheeked ground squirrels of the Kurgan region in Russia.In this study,we analyzed the differences in the acoustic structure of the alarm call and mitochondrial DNA(complete control region,1005-1006 bp and complete cytochrome b gene,1140 bp)in 3 populations of red-cheeked ground squirrels(Tara,Altyn-Emel and Balkhash),all located within areas isolated by geographical barriers in Southeast Kazakhstan.We found that the alarm call variables were similar between the 3 study populations and differed by the maximum fundamental frequency(8.46±0.75 kHz)from the values(5.62±0.06 kHz)reported for the red-cheeked ground squirrels from the Kurgan region of Russia.Variation in mtDNA control region was only 3%and variation in cytochrome b gene was only 2.5%.Phylogenetic trees based on cytochrome b gene polymorphism of 44 individuals from the study area and adjacent territories indicated 3 clades with high(98-100%)bootstrap support:“intermedius,”“brevicauda”and“iliensis”).We conclude that the 3 study populations in Southeast Kazakhstan belong to the clade intermedius and suggest a taxonomical revision of the species complex Spermophilus erythrogenys sensu lato,including analyses of nuclear DNA and alarm calls for populations of the brevicauda and iliensis clades.展开更多
基金the Major State Basic Research Development Program(G19990437).
文摘Sequence variation of partial cytochrome b genes between two Coilia species, C. ectenes and C. mystus, was in- vestigated. Of the 402 nucleotides, twenty-seven (6.72%) are polymorphic and all are synonymous substitutions. At the third positions of genetic condon of cytochrome b gene, the two species show an extreme anti-G bias (<4%) and a pronounced bias towards A and C (>68%). There is no amino acid sequence divergence between the partial cytochrome b genes of the two species, indicating a close genetic relationship between them. The k-2p genetic distance of partial cytochrome b segment of the two species is 0.072, suggesting that the species were separated 3.6 Ma ago, in the middle Pliocene. Our result reveals that the cytochrome b gene is an appropriate marker for studies of population genetic structures and phylogeographic pat- terns of the two species.
文摘Although the Suidae animals were one of the most prosperous mammals, their taxa and phylogeny were poorly studied. To bridge this research gap, the complete mitochondrial DNA cyt b sequences （1140 bp）of one red river pig （ Potamochoerus porcus ）, one bearded pig （ Sus barbatus ）, and several Eurasian wild boars （ Sus scorfa ） were determined with direct PCR sequencing method. Incorporated with the sequences of other Suidae species obtained from GenBank, the phylogentic trees of Suidae species were constructed by Neighbor-Joining and Most Parsimony method. Our resuits showed that the babirousa was sister group of all other species. The African species clustered into a single clade, while the Eurasian species formed the other clade. The phylogenetic positions of the Sus species were consistent with their geographical distribution. Based on our phylogeographical results, the Sus species could be classified into three groups： （1） the relatively primitive animals from Philippine Islands （such as S. cebifrons and S. philippensis ）, Sulawesi and it＇s adjacent islands （S. celebensis）, （2） the Eurasian wild boars （S. scrofa and the mysterious S. salvanius）, and （3） other pigs （such as S. barbatus and S. verrucosus）, which might further diverged as the islands type （such as S. barbatus from Sumatra and Borneo） and the continental type （such as Malay Peninsula wild boar）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40306023)Important Program of Science and Technology of Fujian Province(Grant No.2002N009)High Technology and Development Programme of China(Grant No.2001AA621010).
文摘The classification and evolutionary relationships are important issues in the study of the groupers. Cytochrome b gene fragment of twenty-eight grouper species within six genera of subfamily Epinephelinae was amplified using PCR techniques and the sequences were analyzed to derive the phylogenetic relationships of the groupers from the China Seas. Genetic information indexes, including Kimura-2 parameter genetic distance and Ts/Tv ratios, were generated by using a variety of biology softwares. With Niphon spinosus, Pagrus major and Pagrus auriga as the designated outgroups, phylogenetic trees, which invoke additional homologous sequences of other Epinephelus fishes from GenBank, were constructed based on the neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum-parsimony (MP), maximum-likelihood (ML) and minimum-evolution (ME) methods. Several conclusions were drawn from the DNA sequences analysis: (1) genus Plectropomus, which was early diverged, is the most primitive group in the subfamily Epinephelinae; (2) genus Variola is more closely related to genus Cephalopolis than the other four genera; (3) genus Cephalopolis is a monophyletic group and more primitive than genus Epinephelus; (4) Promicrops lanceolatus and Cromileptes altivelis should be included in genus Epinephelus; (5) there exist two sister groups in genus Epinephelus.
基金the guidelines for the treatment of animals in behavioral research and teaching(Anim Behav,2006,71:245-253)the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(grant 18-04-00400).
文摘Distribution area and taxonomic borders within the species complex Spermophilus erythrogenys sensu lato remain questionable.Early evidence suggests that red-cheeked ground squirrels of Southeast Kazakhstan are remarkably different in terms of the acoustic structure of their alarm calls from the red-cheeked ground squirrels of the Kurgan region in Russia.In this study,we analyzed the differences in the acoustic structure of the alarm call and mitochondrial DNA(complete control region,1005-1006 bp and complete cytochrome b gene,1140 bp)in 3 populations of red-cheeked ground squirrels(Tara,Altyn-Emel and Balkhash),all located within areas isolated by geographical barriers in Southeast Kazakhstan.We found that the alarm call variables were similar between the 3 study populations and differed by the maximum fundamental frequency(8.46±0.75 kHz)from the values(5.62±0.06 kHz)reported for the red-cheeked ground squirrels from the Kurgan region of Russia.Variation in mtDNA control region was only 3%and variation in cytochrome b gene was only 2.5%.Phylogenetic trees based on cytochrome b gene polymorphism of 44 individuals from the study area and adjacent territories indicated 3 clades with high(98-100%)bootstrap support:“intermedius,”“brevicauda”and“iliensis”).We conclude that the 3 study populations in Southeast Kazakhstan belong to the clade intermedius and suggest a taxonomical revision of the species complex Spermophilus erythrogenys sensu lato,including analyses of nuclear DNA and alarm calls for populations of the brevicauda and iliensis clades.
