Tensile Mechanical Behavior and Failure Mechanism of a Plain-Woven SiCf/SiC Composites at Room and Elevated Temperatures

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are the preferred materials for solving advanced aerospace high-temperature structural components;it has the comprehensive advantages of higher temperature (~1500˚C) and low density. In service environments, CMCs exhibit complex damage mechanisms and failure modes, which are affected by constituent materials, meso-architecture and inhere defects. In this paper, the in-plane tensile mechanical behavior of a plain-woven SiCf/SiC composite at room and elevated temperatures was investigated, and the factors affecting the tensile strength of the material were discussed in depth. The results show that the tensile modulus and strength of SiCf/SiC composites at high temperature are lower, but the fracture strain increases and the toughness of the composites is enhanced;the stitching holes significantly weaken the tensile strength of the material, resulting in the material is easy to break at the cross-section with stitching holes.

Ballistic Performance and Damage Characteristics of Chemical Vapor Infiltration Quasi 3D-Cf/SiC Composites

To investigate the ballistic performance and damage characteristics of quasi threedimensional（3D） needle-punched Cf/SiC composites prepared by chemical vapor infiltration（CVI）,penetration experiments were conducted by using 7.62 mm armor piercing incendiary（API）.Macro and micro fracture morphologies were then observed on recycled targets.The results show that the protection coefficient of 3D Cf/SiC composites is 2.54.High porosity and many micro thermal stress cracks may directly lead to the lower ballistic performance.Flat fracture morphology was observed on the crater surface.The low dynamic fracture strength along layer direction may be attributed to the voids and microcracks caused by residual thermal stress.The damage characteristics of Cf/Si C composites include matrix cracking,fiber bundle cracking,interfacial debonding,fiber fracture,and fiber bundle pull-out.And interfacial debonding and fiber fracture may play major roles in energy absorption.

Multi-scale Modeling and Finite Element Analyses of Thermal Conductivity of 3D C/SiC Composites Fabricating by Flexible-Oriented Woven Process

Thermal conductivity is one of the most significant criterion of three-dimensional carbon fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites(3D C/SiC).Represent volume element(RVE)models of microscale,void/matrix and mesoscale proposed in this work are used to simulate the thermal conductivity behaviors of the 3D C/SiC composites.An entirely new process is introduced to weave the preform with three-dimensional orthogonal architecture.The 3D steady-state analysis step is created for assessing the thermal conductivity behaviors of the composites by applying periodic temperature boundary conditions.Three RVE models of cuboid,hexagonal and fiber random distribution are respectively developed to comparatively study the influence of fiber package pattern on the thermal conductivities at the microscale.Besides,the effect of void morphology on the thermal conductivity of the matrix is analyzed by the void/matrix models.The prediction results at the mesoscale correspond closely to the experimental values.The effect of the porosities and fiber volume fractions on the thermal conductivities is also taken into consideration.The multi-scale models mentioned in this paper can be used to predict the thermal conductivity behaviors of other composites with complex structures.

连续SiCf/TC17复合材料室温偏轴拉伸性能研究

采用磁控溅射法结合热等静压工艺制备SiCf/TC17复合材料,通过SEM观察试样的断口形貌,研究了复合材料在室温的偏轴拉伸性能及断裂机制。结果表明:纤维偏轴角度在0°~2°间,复合材料轴向性能变化较小,拉伸强度稳定在1960~1987 MPa;纤维偏轴角度再增大时(>2°),材料拉伸强度近似呈单调线性降低,由1870 MPa降至1797 MPa。纤维偏轴角度较小时(≤2°),平坦区基体与纤维断裂面平整,且两者的断裂面平行。纤维/基体界面没有明显的脱粘破碎迹象;纤维偏轴角度较大时(>2°),部分纤维存在“斜切断裂”,纤维拔出距离变长,且不再与基体的断裂面保持在同一平面,基体撕裂损伤严重。依据断口形貌结合局部承载模型,详细论述了SiCf/TC17复合材料两种拉伸失效的断裂过程。纤维偏轴角度较小时(≤2°),裂纹萌生于纤维间距较小的反应层,在界面处钝化或偏转进而形成不同截面的平坦区,当纤维超过承载能力极限,试样整体断裂;纤维偏轴角度较大时(>2°),“拉-剪”耦合效应导致C涂层与反应层间的界面脱粘破碎形成裂纹源,裂纹加速反应层受损或导致界面脱粘致使纤维断裂,当基体及剩余纤维超过承载能力极限,试样整体断裂。

高温燃气环境下SiCf/SiC和SiC_(f)/SiC-EBC复合材料力学性能及损伤

航空发动机中的碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(SiC_(f)/SiC)因承受高温高速燃烧气体的氧化腐蚀而发生损伤甚至失效。本工作利用燃气发生装置模拟航空发动机中复杂燃气环境,将以一定比例混合后的航空煤油与液氧燃料点燃,形成高温高速燃烧气体对材料进行考核。对SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料分别进行1200℃燃气环境10 h氧化实验和1000次热冲击实验,探究环境屏障涂层(environmental barrier coating,EBC)对SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料的防护作用。对燃气环境考核后的SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料和SiC_(f)/SiC-EBC复合材料进行单轴拉伸强度测试,并利用扫描电镜对其断口及截面微观形貌进行观察。结果表明:在燃气环境下氧化10 h后,SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料和SiC_(f)/SiC-EBC复合材料内部没有发生明显的界面层及纤维氧化,单轴拉伸强度下降不到2%;在燃气环境下经过1000次热冲击后,在SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料内部形成多处微裂纹并发生了界面层的氧化腐蚀,单轴拉伸强度下降41.3%;EBC涂层可以有效保护SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料免受高温燃气的氧化腐蚀,SiC_(f)/SiC-EBC复合材料在经过1000次热冲击后的单轴拉伸强度下降16.6%。

Carbon Fiber Breakage Mechanism in Aluminum(Al)/Carbon Fibers(CFs) Composite Sheet during Accumulative Roll Bonding(ARB) Process

We put forward a method of fabricating Aluminum(Al)/carbon fibers(CFs) composite sheets by the accumulative roll bonding(ARB) method. The finished Al/CFs composite sheet has CFs and pure Al sheets as sandwich and surface layers. After cross-section observation of the Al/CFs composite sheet, we found that the CFs discretely distributed within the sandwich layer. Besides, the tensile test showed that the contribution of the sandwich CFs layer to tensile strength was less than 11% compared with annealed pure Al sheet. With ex-situ observation of the CFs breakage evolution with-16%,-32%, and-45% rolling reduction during the ARB process, the plastic instability of the Al layer was found to bring shear damages to the CFs. At last, the bridging strengthening mechanism introduced by CFs was sacrificed. We provide new insight into and instruction on Al/CFs composite sheet preparation method and processing parameters.

Electromagnetic wave absorption and mechanical properties of SiC nanowire/low-melting-point glass composites sintered at 580°C in air

Si C nanowires are excellent high-temperature electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials. However, their polymer matrix composites are difficult to work at temperatures above 300℃, while their ceramic matrix composites must be prepared above 1000℃ in an inert atmosphere. Thus, for addressing the abovementioned problems, SiC/low-melting-point glass composites were well designed and prepared at 580℃ in an air atmosphere. Based on the X-ray diffraction results, SiC nanowires were not oxidized during air atmosphere sintering because of the low sintering temperature. Additionally, SiC nanowires were uniformly distributed in the glass matrix material. The composites exhibited good mechanical and EMW absorption properties. As the filling ratio of SiC nanowires increased from 5wt%to 20wt%, the Vickers hardness and flexural strength of the composite reached HV 564 and 213 MPa, which were improved by 27.7%and 72.8%, respectively, compared with the low-melting-point glass. Meanwhile, the dielectric loss and EMW absorption ability of SiC nanowires at 8.2–12.4 GHz were also gradually improved. The dielectric loss ability of low-melting-point glass was close to 0. However, when the filling ratio of SiC nanowires was 20wt%, the composite showed a minimum reflection loss (RL) of-20.2 dB and an effective absorption (RL≤-10 dB) bandwidth of2.3 GHz at an absorber layer thickness of 2.3 mm. The synergistic effect of polarization loss and conductivity loss in SiC nanowires was responsible for this improvement.

Damping performance of SiC nanoparticles reinforced magnesium matrix composites processed by cyclic extrusion and compression

This work dealt with the damping performance and its underlying mechanism in SiC nanoparticles reinforced AZ91D composite(SiC_(np)/AZ91D)processed by cyclic extrusion and compression(CEC).It was found that the CEC process significantly affects the damping performance of the composite due to alterations in the density of dislocations and grain boundaries in the matrix alloy.Although there would be dynamic precipitation of the Mg17Al12 phase during processing which increases the phase interface and limits the mobility of dislocations and grain boundaries.The results also showed that the damping capacity of 1%SiC_(np)/AZ91D composite continuously decreases with adding CEC pass number and it consistently increases with rising the applied temperature.Considering the first derivative of the tanδ-T curve,the dominant damping mechanism based on test temperature can be divided into three regions.These three regions are as follows(i)dislocation vibration of the weak pinning points(≤T_(cr)),(ii)dislocation vibration of the strong pinning points(T_(cr)∼T_(V)),and(iii)grain boundary/interface sliding(≥T_(V))

SiCf/SiC复合材料高温水氧腐蚀性能研究

采用2.5D方式编织SiCf/SiC复合材料预制体,CVI工艺制备PyC界面层,CVI-PIP复合工艺制备SiCf/SiC复合材料基体,在1300℃、50%水汽/50%O 2混合气体的条件下对SiCf/SiC复合材料进行高温水氧腐蚀试验,对SiCf/SiC复合材料在腐蚀前后的相成分变化及微观组织变化进行评价,并探讨了其在高温水氧腐蚀条件下的性能退化机理。结果表明,PyC界面层易被氧化生成气体产物从而留下间隙,该通道为外界腐蚀性气体如水汽、氧气进入复合材料内部侵蚀其纤维、基体等提供捷径。

Effects of thermal oxidation on microwave-absorbing and mechanical properties of SiC_f/SiC composites with PyC interphase

The SiCf/SiC composites containing PyC interphase were prepared by chemical vapor infiltration process. The influences of thermal oxidation on the complex permittivity and microwave absorption properties of Si Cf/Si C composites were investigated in the frequency range of 8.2-12.4 GHz. Both the real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity decreased after thermal oxidation. The composites after 100 h thermal oxidation showed that reflection loss exceeded-10 d B in the frequency of 9.7-11.9 GHz and the minimum value was-11.4 d B at 11.0 GHz. The flexural strength of composites decreased but fracture behavior was improved obviously after thermal oxidation. These results indicate that the SiCf/SiC composites containing PyC interphase after thermal oxidation possess good microwave absorbing property and fracture behavior.

Near-seamless joining of Cf/SiC composites using Y_(3)Si_(2)C_(2)via electric field-assisted sintering technique

A novel Y_(3)Si_(2)C_(2)material was synthesized at a relatively low temperature(900℃)using a molten salt method for the first time,and subsequently used as the joining material for carbon fiber reinforced SiC(Cf/SiC)composites.The sound near-seamless joints with no obvious remaining interlayer were obtained at 1600℃using an electric field-assisted sintering technique(FAST).During joining,a liquid phase was formed by the eutectic reaction among Y_(3)Si_(2)C_(2),γ(Y–C)phase,and SiC,followed by the precipitation of SiC particles.The presence of the liquid promoted the sintering of newly formed SiC particles,leading to their complete consolidation with the Cf/SiC matrix.On the other hand,the excess of the liquid was pushed away from the joining area under the effect of a uniaxial pressure of 30 MPa,leading to the formation of the near-seamless joints.The highest shear strength(Ä)of 17.2±2.9 MPa was obtained after being joined at 1600℃for 10 min.The failure of the joints occurred in the Cf/SiC matrix,indicating that the interface was stronger than that of the Cf/SiC matrix.The formation of a near-seamless joint minimizes the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients and also irradiation-induced swelling,suggesting that the proposed joining strategy can be potentially applied to SiC-based ceramic matrix composites(CMCs)for extreme environmental applications.

Effect of C/Mo Duplex-coating on Thermal Residual Stresses in SiCf/Ti2AlNb Composites

Three-dimensional finite element physical models considering the layered distribution of materials at the interface were developed to study the effect of the coating system on distributions of thermal residual stresses in SiCf/Ti2AlNb composites.Two coating systems were comparatively studied,namely C coating and C/Mo duplex-coating.The thermal residual stresses after 1 080 ℃/1 h solution treatment and 800 ℃/20 h ageing treatment in the composites were also analyzed.The experimental results show that Mo coating can decrease thermal residual stress magnitude in the matrix.However,it would increase the thermal residual stresses in the interfacial reaction layer of TiC.The change of radial thermal residual stress in TiC layer is inconspicuous after solid solution and ageing treatment,but the hoop and axial thermal residual stresses increase obviously.However,the heat treatment can obviously reduce hoop and axial thermal residual stresses of the matrix,which is benefit to restrain the initiation and propagation of cracks in the matrix.

Effects of dip-coated BN interphase on mechanical properties of SiC_f/SiC composites prepared by CVI process

BN interphase was successfully synthesized on SiC fiber fabrics by dip-coating process using boric acid and urea as precursors under N2 atmosphere. The morphology of BN interphase was observed by SEM, and the structure was characterized by XRD and FT-IR spectra. The SiCf/SiC composites with dip-coated BN interphase were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration （CVI） process, and the effects ofBN interphase on the mechanical properties of composites were investigated. The results show that the SiC fibers are fully covered by BN interphase with smooth surface and turbostratic structure （t-BN）, and the thickness is about 0.4 μm. The flexural strengths of SiCf/SiC composites with and without BN interphase are about 180 and 95 MPa, respectively. Compared with the as-received SiCf/SiC composites, the composites with BN interphase exhibit an obvious toughened fracture behavior. From the microstructural analysis, it can be confirmed that the BN interphase plays a key part in protecting the fibers from chemical attack during matrix infiltration and weakening interfacial bonding, which can improve the mechanical properties of SiCf/SiC composites remarkably.

Effects of Heating Rate on Properties and Structures of 3D-Cf/SiC Composites by PIP Process

The properties and structures of 3D-Cf/ SiC composites prepared by rapid precursor infiltration pyrolysis process were studied.PCS solution was infiltrated into 3D-carbon fiber perform in vacuum,then these performs were dried at room temperature and pyrolyzed with three kinds of heating rate,3 900 min,1 500 min and 1 000 min respectively.The distinction of 3D-Cf/SiC samples fabricated at three kinds of heating rate was not obvious.Bending strength of sample at 1 000 min heating rate was 762.5 MPa,and a little better than the others.Three samples at various heating rate had similar micro-graph of fracture surface and fracture toughness.The research results show that mechanics performances of Cf/SiC composites did not decrease when heating rate was properly increased.

Joining and machining of(ZrB2-SiC)and(Cf-SiC)based composites

Filler materials of(ZrB_2-SiC-B_4C-YAG) composite were developed for gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW) of the ZrB_2-SiC and Cf-SiC based composites to themselves and to each other. Reaction with filler material,porosity and cracks were not observed at weld interfaces of all the joints. Penetration of filler material in to voids and pores existing in the Cf-SiC composites was observed. Average shear strength of 25.7 MPa was achieved for joints of Cf-SiC composites. By incorporation of Cf-SiC(CVD) ground short fibre reinforcement the(ZrB_2-SiC-B_4C-YAG) composite was machinable with tungsten carbide tool. The joint and machined composites were resistance to oxidation and thermal shock when exposed to the oxy-propane flame at 2300℃ for 300s. The combination of(ZrB_2-SiC-B_4C-YAG) and Cf-SiC based composites can be used for making parts like thermal protection system or nozzles for high temperature applications.

Preparation and oxidation property of ZrB_2-MoSi_2/SiC coating on carbon/carbon composites

To improve the oxidation resistance of carbon/carbon composites,ZrB2-MoSi2/SiC coating on the carbon/carbon substrate was prepared.The inner coating of SiC was prepared by pack cementation and the outer coating of ZrB2-MoSi2 was prepared by slurry painting.The phase compositions and microstructures of the coating were characterized by XRD and SEM,respectively.The preparation and the high temperature oxidation property of the coated composites were investigated.The results show that the outer coating of carbon/carbon composites is composed of ZrB2,MoSi2 and SiC phases.The mass losses of the ZrB2-MoSi2/SiC coated samples with SiC nano-whiskers after 30 h and 10 h of oxidation at 1 273 K and 1 773 K were,respectively,5.3% and 3.0%.The ZrB2-MoSi2/SiC coated samples exhibit self-sealing performance and good oxidation resistance at high temperature.

C/SiC/MoSi_2-SiC-Si multilayer coating for oxidation protection of carbon/carbon composites

C/SiC/MoSi2-SiC-Si oxidation protective multilayer coating for carbon/carbon （C/C） composites was prepared by pack cementation and slurry method. The microstructure, element distribution and phase composition of the as-received coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results show that the multilayer coating was composed of MoSi2, SiC and Si. It could effectively protect C/C composites against oxidation for 200 h with the mass loss of 3.25% at 1873 K in static air. The mass loss of the coated C/C composites results from the volatilization of SiO2 and the formation of cracks and bubble holes in the coating.

Double SiC coating on carbon/carbon composites against oxidation by a two-step method

To improve the oxidation resistance of C/C composites, a double SiC protective coating was prepared by a two-step technique. Firstly, the inner SiC layer was prepared by a pack cementation technique, and then an outer uniform and compact SiC coating was obtained by low pressure chemical vapor deposition. The microstructures and phase compositions of the coatings were characterized by SEM, EDS and XRD analyses. Oxidation behaviour of the SiC coated C/C composites was also investigated. It was found that the double SiC coating could protect C/C composites against oxidation at 1773 K in air for 178 h with a mass loss of 1.25%. The coated samples also underwent thermal shocks between 1773 K and room temperature 16 times. The mass loss of the coated C/C composites was only 2.74%. Double SiC layer structures were uniform and dense, and can suppress the generation of thermal stresses, facilitating an excellent anti-oxidation coating.

Cf/SiC复合材料表面抗氧化涂层研究进展

Cf/SiC复合材料因其低密度,高比强度,优异的抗热震、抗氧化和抗烧蚀性能以及高温强度保持率,被认为是高速飞行器的重要热防护材料之一。然而,由于碳纤维在500℃以上发生显著氧化导致材料逐渐失效,因此需对其进行有效的氧化防护。抗氧化涂层被认为是实现Cf/SiC复合材料长时氧化防护的有效手段。本文基于热防护系统对Cf/SiC复合材料抗氧化性能的苛刻要求,综述了现有Cf/SiC复合材料表面抗氧化涂层的研究进展,着重对抗氧化涂层制备技术及涂层体系进行了梳理。提升Cf/SiC复合材料抗氧化涂层使用温度(≥1800℃)及结合强度是当前需要重点解决的问题,制备更长服役时间、更高服役温度同时兼具抗氧化、抗水蒸气腐蚀乃至较好隔热性能的多功能涂层是未来发展的重要方向。