Chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet)Nakai cultivated widely in temperate regions possesses anti-inflammatory properties,however,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain not fully understood.In this study,a purified phenolic ...Chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet)Nakai cultivated widely in temperate regions possesses anti-inflammatory properties,however,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain not fully understood.In this study,a purified phenolic extract of C.speciosa rich in chlorogenic acid,procyanidin B1 and catechin(determined by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)exhibited dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated RAW264.7 macrophages.The extract at 30μg/mL was most potent and enabled most cells in normal morphology under LPS stimulation without causing cytotoxicity.The extract suppressed the levels of nitric oxide(NO),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and the mRNA and protein expressions of nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2).The mechanisms underlying such anti-inflammatory actions included the regulation of phosphorylation of related proteins to monitor the expressions of inflammatory mediators and genes in the nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways.Therefore,the phenolic extract from C.speciosa is a desirable anti-inflammatory agent for inflammatory conditions to meet the rising demand for natural and cost-effective therapeutics.展开更多
Drought stress has been demonstrated to enhance the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in the leaves,resulting in an increased aesthetic appeal.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying drought-induced anthocyanin biosynt...Drought stress has been demonstrated to enhance the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in the leaves,resulting in an increased aesthetic appeal.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying drought-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Chaenomeles speciosa remain unclear.In this study,the metabolites of C.speciosa leaves were analyzed,and it was found that the content of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside increased significantly under drought stress.The differentially expressed genes CsMYB123 and CsbHLH111 were isolated by transcriptomics data analysis and gene cloning,and gene overexpression and VIGS experiments verified that both play important roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis.Subsequently,Y1H and Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that CsMYB123 binds to the promoters of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related structural genes(such as CsCHI,CsF3H,and CsANS),while CsbHLH111 was shown to bind to the promoter of CsCHI,positively regulating its activity.Furthermore,BIFC and Y2H assays unveiled potential protein–protein interactions between CsMYB123 and CsbHLH111 at the cell nucleus.Collectively,these results shed light on the critical roles played by CsMYB123 and CsbHLH111 in anthocyanin biosynthesis,thus providing a valuable insight into understanding the molecular mechanisms of how the MYB and bHLH genes regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in the process of leaf coloration in C.speciosa.展开更多
Wrinkle Floweringquince(Chaenomeles speciose(Sweet)Nakai)seed,as an unexploited forestry residue,contains considerable amount of bioactive carbohydrates with potential functionality,which was not widely concerned.The ...Wrinkle Floweringquince(Chaenomeles speciose(Sweet)Nakai)seed,as an unexploited forestry residue,contains considerable amount of bioactive carbohydrates with potential functionality,which was not widely concerned.The aim of this study is to determine the basic characterizations(molecular weight and functional group),specificcomponents(carbohydrate,protein and uronic acid contents),and functional properties of Chaenomeles speciosa seedgum(CSG).Results indicated that carbohydrate(63.80%),protein(13.69%)and uronic acid(10.30%)contents wereachieved.The CSG(average molecular weight,9.85×106 u)consists rhamnose,arabinose,xylose and glucose in a molarpercentage of 29.77꞉10.54꞉18.55꞉15.84,respectively.The Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)analysis revealed hydroxyl,carboxyl and methyl groups andα-glycosidic linkages are founded in the CSG.The CSG was surface active and its abilityto decrease surface tension was comparable to commercial gums.Moreover,the CSG solutions showed pseudoplasticflow behavior under dynamic shear rate at high concentrations.The GSC also presented good emulsifying and foamingproperties,indicating the potential of the GSC as bioresource stabilizer and thickener in industry.展开更多
The constituents and contents of esterifing derivatives of organic and aqueous phases in extracts from Chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet) Nakai fruits were analysed by GC-MS.The results indicated that there were 15 and 17 co...The constituents and contents of esterifing derivatives of organic and aqueous phases in extracts from Chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet) Nakai fruits were analysed by GC-MS.The results indicated that there were 15 and 17 compounds in organic and aqueous phases,respectively.Besides there were common fatty acids,there were a lof of binary acids and ternary acids.The contents of malic acid and citric acid in aqueous and organic phases reached to 64.007%,70.492% and 30.305%,22.121% respectively.Therefore,malic acid and citric acid are the major constituents of organic acids in C.speciosa fruits.展开更多
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Forestry Shandong Province(2021TZXD014)the Science and Technology Innovation Breakthrough Project of Heze Ctiy(2021KJTP10).
文摘Chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet)Nakai cultivated widely in temperate regions possesses anti-inflammatory properties,however,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain not fully understood.In this study,a purified phenolic extract of C.speciosa rich in chlorogenic acid,procyanidin B1 and catechin(determined by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)exhibited dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated RAW264.7 macrophages.The extract at 30μg/mL was most potent and enabled most cells in normal morphology under LPS stimulation without causing cytotoxicity.The extract suppressed the levels of nitric oxide(NO),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and the mRNA and protein expressions of nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2).The mechanisms underlying such anti-inflammatory actions included the regulation of phosphorylation of related proteins to monitor the expressions of inflammatory mediators and genes in the nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways.Therefore,the phenolic extract from C.speciosa is a desirable anti-inflammatory agent for inflammatory conditions to meet the rising demand for natural and cost-effective therapeutics.
基金Open access funding provided by Shanghai Jiao Tong Universityfunded by National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 32171862Plant Resources of Rosaceae in the Qinling Mountains Research on investigation,evaluation,development and utilization,grant number SXLk2020-02.
文摘Drought stress has been demonstrated to enhance the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in the leaves,resulting in an increased aesthetic appeal.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying drought-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Chaenomeles speciosa remain unclear.In this study,the metabolites of C.speciosa leaves were analyzed,and it was found that the content of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside increased significantly under drought stress.The differentially expressed genes CsMYB123 and CsbHLH111 were isolated by transcriptomics data analysis and gene cloning,and gene overexpression and VIGS experiments verified that both play important roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis.Subsequently,Y1H and Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that CsMYB123 binds to the promoters of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related structural genes(such as CsCHI,CsF3H,and CsANS),while CsbHLH111 was shown to bind to the promoter of CsCHI,positively regulating its activity.Furthermore,BIFC and Y2H assays unveiled potential protein–protein interactions between CsMYB123 and CsbHLH111 at the cell nucleus.Collectively,these results shed light on the critical roles played by CsMYB123 and CsbHLH111 in anthocyanin biosynthesis,thus providing a valuable insight into understanding the molecular mechanisms of how the MYB and bHLH genes regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in the process of leaf coloration in C.speciosa.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFD0400902-3).
文摘Wrinkle Floweringquince(Chaenomeles speciose(Sweet)Nakai)seed,as an unexploited forestry residue,contains considerable amount of bioactive carbohydrates with potential functionality,which was not widely concerned.The aim of this study is to determine the basic characterizations(molecular weight and functional group),specificcomponents(carbohydrate,protein and uronic acid contents),and functional properties of Chaenomeles speciosa seedgum(CSG).Results indicated that carbohydrate(63.80%),protein(13.69%)and uronic acid(10.30%)contents wereachieved.The CSG(average molecular weight,9.85×106 u)consists rhamnose,arabinose,xylose and glucose in a molarpercentage of 29.77꞉10.54꞉18.55꞉15.84,respectively.The Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)analysis revealed hydroxyl,carboxyl and methyl groups andα-glycosidic linkages are founded in the CSG.The CSG was surface active and its abilityto decrease surface tension was comparable to commercial gums.Moreover,the CSG solutions showed pseudoplasticflow behavior under dynamic shear rate at high concentrations.The GSC also presented good emulsifying and foamingproperties,indicating the potential of the GSC as bioresource stabilizer and thickener in industry.
文摘The constituents and contents of esterifing derivatives of organic and aqueous phases in extracts from Chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet) Nakai fruits were analysed by GC-MS.The results indicated that there were 15 and 17 compounds in organic and aqueous phases,respectively.Besides there were common fatty acids,there were a lof of binary acids and ternary acids.The contents of malic acid and citric acid in aqueous and organic phases reached to 64.007%,70.492% and 30.305%,22.121% respectively.Therefore,malic acid and citric acid are the major constituents of organic acids in C.speciosa fruits.
