Production Chain Length and PPI-CPI Divergence:Analysis Based on the Global Input-output Price Model

Productivity and international energy price shocks are reflected in PPI and CPI via industrial chains.China’s in-depth participation into the global value chains has increasingly lengthened its industrial production chains.The question is how the changing length of production chains will affect CPI and PPI,as well as CPI-PPI correlation?By constructing a global input-output price model,this paper offers a theoretical discussion on the impact of production chain length on the CPI-PPI divergence.Our findings suggest that the price shock of international bulk commodities has a greater impact on China’s PPI than that on CPI.The effects on both China’s PPI and CPI estimated by using the single-country input-output model are higher than the results estimated with the global input-output model.However,the difference between CPI and PPI variations estimated with the global input-output model is greater than the result estimated with the single-country input-output model,which supports the view that the lengthening of production chains,especially international production chains,leads to a divergence between CPI and PPI.Empirical results based on cross-national panel data also suggest that the lengthening of production chains has reduced the CPI-PPI correlation for countries,i.e.the lengthening of production chains has increased the PPI-CPI divergence.That is to say,policymakers should target not just CPI in maintaining price stability,but instead focus on the stability of both PPI and CPI.Efforts can be made to proactively adjust the price index system,and formulate the industrial chain price index.

Shear Thickening Fluids Based on Additives with Different Concentrations and Molecular Chain Lengths

Shear thickening fluids （STFs） based on additives with different concentrations and molecular chain lengths were investigated. STF samples were prepared with silica and additive dispersed in polyethylene glycol （PEG） 400, where three types of additives with different molecular chain lengths of PEG4000, PEG6000, and PEG10000 were used. For PEG10000, different concentrations, including 0, 1%, 3%, and 5%, were selected to study the influences of additive concentrations. Rheological properties of the samples were measured with a rheometer. The results show that the shear thickening effect was significantly enhanced with the increase of the concentration and the molecular chain length of additives. The mechanism of enhancement was quantitatively explained with the formation of large particles clusters.

Effects of quaternary ammonium chain length on the antibacterial and remineralizing effects of a calcium phosphate nanocomposite

Composites containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate （NACP） remineralize tooth lesions and inhibit caries. A recent study synthesized quaternary ammonium methacrylates （QAMs） with chain lengths （CLs） of 3-18 and determined their effects on a bonding agent. This study aimed to incorporate these QAMs into NACP nanocomposites for the first time to simultaneously endow the material with antibacterial and remineralizing capabilities and to investigate the effects of the CL on the mechanical and biofilm properties. Five QAMs were synthesized： DMAPM （CL3）, DMAHM （CL6）, DMADDM （CL12）, DMAHDM （CL16）, and DMAODM （CL18）. Each QAM was incorporated into a composite containing 20% NACP and 50% glass fillers. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity. The flexural strength and elastic modulus of nanocomposites with QAMs matched those of a commercial control composite （n = 6; P 〉 0.1）. Increasing the CL from 3 to 16 greatly enhanced the antibacterial activity of the NACP nanocomposite （P 〈 0.05）; further increasing the CL to 18 decreased the antibacterial potency. The NACP nanocomposite with a CL of 16 exhibited biofilm metabolic activity and acid production that were 10-fold lesser than those of the control composite. The NACP nanocomposite with a CL of 16 produced 2-log decreases in the colony-forming units （CFU） of total microorganisms, total streptococci, and mutans streptococci. In conclusion, QAMs with CLs of 3-18 were synthesized and incorporated into an NACP nanocomposite for the first time to simultaneously endow the material with antibacterial and remineralization capabilities. Increasing the C/reduced the metabolic activity and acid production of biofilms and caused a 2-log decrease in CFU without compromising the mechanical properties. Nanocomposites exhibiting strong anti-biofilm activity, remineralization effects, and mechanical properties are promising materials for tooth restorations that inhibit caries.

Influence of Charge Density and Chain Length on the Interaction between Organic Anion and Montmorillonite

Anionic surfantant sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS）, cationic surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） and acrylic acid （AA） were introduced as molecular models to study the interaction between montmorillonite and organic molecules with different charge or chain length. The compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance （13C NMR）. The results show organic anion could interact strongly with montmorillonite, even the molecules could intercalate into the layers of MMT.

The Effect of the Chain Length on MMA Free Radicl Polymerization

In the polymerization process of methyl methacrylate (MMA), the Arrhenius parameters (activation energy and frequency factor) of propagating reaction monotonically decrease with increasing monomer conversion. At the beginning and middle stage of the propagating reaction, the increase of radical chain length is the main reason of above mentioned change. And at the end stage, the sharp decrease of k(p) indicates that the activation energy is approximately incline to zero and the propagating reaction is controlled by molecular diffusion motion.

Differences in Starch Chain Length Distribution and Structure Characteristics of Early-Indica Rice Under Different Temperature Treatments During Grain-Filling

Effects of temperature during grain-filling on chain length distribution and structure characteristics of 4 early-seasonindica rice cultivars were investigated under the environment-controlled conditions. The plants at flowering stage weresubjected to two temperature treatments until maturity (the mean dairy air temperature, 22 and 32C for optimum temperaturetreatment and high temperature treatment, respectively). The result showed that high temperature during grain-fillingsignificantly decreased the long B-chain content and increased the intermediate B-chain content. But the effect of hightemperature on other starch chains appeared to be cultivar-dependant. The crystalline characteristics of rice starch werealso affected by temperature during grain-filling. The intensity at 18 2q of X-ray diffraction pattern of rice samples underhigh temperature was higher than those under optimum temperature, though all rice starches performed A-crystallinetype. Moreover, the intensity at 18 2q was positive correlation with intermediate B-chain content and negative correlationwith long B-chain content.

Differentiation of Helicobacter pylori isolates by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism

Objective: To investigate the association between the diversity of urease gene and urease activity of clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Methods: Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of urease gene and rapid urease activity test were used to study the urease activity of different clinical isolates of H. pylori. Results: H. pylori clinical isolates were divided into 4 types according to their PCR-RFLP results of urease gene and urease activity. Type Ⅰ , possessing strong urease activity (0. 11) and presented 1 fragment of 1. 7 kb by PCR-RFLP, had close relations with gastric ulcer; type Ⅱ , with the weakest urease activity (0. 07) and 2 fragments (1. 3 and 0. 4 kb respectively) , was associated with duodenal bulb ulcer; type Ⅲ , with the strongest urease activity (0. 12) and 2 fragments (0. 4 and 0. 17 kb) with or without 1 fragment (0. 23 or 0. 37 kb) , was responsible for gastritis; type Ⅳ , with weak urease activity (0. 09) and 2 fragments (1. 5 and 0. 2 kb), was shown to be related to both gastric and duodenal bulb ulcers. Conclusion: The diversity of urease gene decides different urease activities of different clinical isolates of H. pylori, hence the different possibilities of pathogenesis due to this bacteria.

A NEW KIND OF SURFACTANT:LONG-CHAIN ALKYLTRIPHENYLPHOSPHONIUM HALIDES Ⅲ.AN“ABNORMAL”QUENCHING OF PYRENE FLUORESCENCE BY PHOSPHONIUMS WITH DIFFERENT LENGTHS OF ALKYL CHAIN

A study of the quenching of pyrene fluorescence by a series of alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromides indi- cated the coiling conformation of ionic surfactant in aqueous solution.Formation of pyrene excimer in cetyltriph- enylphosphonium solution strengthened the conclusion.

国家重大科技攻关创新模式研究

高水平科技自立自强是中国式现代化建设的关键。当前美国将科技领域视为地缘博弈舞台,构建关键技术封锁网络。为突破封锁打压,打赢关键技术攻坚战,亟须探索总结产业、技术等不同层面创新发展路径。围绕不同创新主体、不同需求场景,从宏观、中观、微观角度提出三种创新模式,形成了关键核心技术错位协同攻关格局。具体表现为宏观层面为新型举国体制下的国家重大工程驱动发展模式,瞄准颠覆性前沿技术突破,掌握创新发展主动权;中观层面为多层次“链长制”发展模式,实现强链补链,提升产业链现代化水平;微观层面为常态化“揭榜挂帅”发展模式,以单点技术攻关,实现快速响应,激发内生潜力和创新活力,三种模式在商业航天领域均有着广泛的实践应用。基于此,研究从立足技术发展需求、打造产业生态“内循环”、铸造更多“大国重器”维度提出优化建议,增强关键核心技术能力。

Effect of lengthening alkyl spacer on hydroformylation performance of tethered-phosphine modified Rh/SiO_2 catalyst

Rh/SiO2 catalysts with tethered-phosphines with different alkyl spacer lengths have been prepared,tested and characterized.Lengthening the alkyl spacer of the tethered-phosphine improved the flexibility of tethered-phospine,promoted the formation of active species and enhanced the activity of hydroformylation over other tethered-phosphine modified Rh/SiO2 catalysts.

基于链长-链主委员会的陕西省乘用车(新能源)产业链发展研究

中国经济已进入从高速发展到高质量发展的新阶段,“链长制”成为了推进产业链进一步发展,提升产业链价值的一种产业组织制度创新。陕西省为了推动经济高质量发展,选出23条重点产业链实施“链长制”。陕西省乘用车(新能源)产业链就是其中的1条。文章在对实施“链长制”取得一定成效的省市经验研究的基础上,探索陕西省乘用车(新能源)产业链链长-链主委员会组织及其实施,构建链长-链主委员会指导下的陕西省乘用车(新能源)产业链网链模型,对陕西“链长制”落实和陕西省乘用车(新能源)产业链的发展提供一定参考。

Regulation of the quantum barrier and carrier transport toward high-efficiency quasi-2D Dion-Jacobson tin perovskite solar cells

Quasi-2D Dion-Jacobson(DJ)tin halide perovskite has attracted much attention due to its elimination of Van der Waals gap and enhanced environmental stability.However,the bulky organic spacers usually form a natural quantum well structure,which brings a large quantum barrier and poor film quality,further limiting the carrier transport and device performance.Here,we designed three organic spacers with different chain lengths(ethylenediamine(EDA),1,3-propanediamine(PDA),and 1,4-butanediamine(BDA))to investigate the quantum barrier dependence.Theoretical and experimental characterizations indicate that EDA with short chain can reduce the lattice distortion and dielectric confinement effect,which is beneficial to the effective dissociation of excitons and the inhibition of trap-free non-radiative relaxation.In addition,EDA cation shows strong interaction with the inorganic octahedron,realizing large aggregates in precursor solution and high-quality films with improved structural stability.Furthermore,femtosecond transient absorption proves that EDA cations can also weaken the formation of small n-phases with large quantum barrier to achieve effective carrier transport between different nphases.Finally,the quasi-2D DJ(EDA)FA_(9)Sn_(10)I_(31)solar cells achieves a 7.07%power conversion efficiency with good environment stability.Therefore,this work sheds light on the regulation of the quantum barrier and carrier transport through the chain length of organic spacer for qua si-2D DJ lead-free perovskites.

数字化背景下政府参与产业链协同创新的演化博弈研究——基于“链长制”的视角

为揭示数字化背景下政府参与产业链协同创新的演化过程,本研究以“链长制”为蓝本,构建了产业链链主企业、链上企业与地方政府的三方演化博弈模型。通过分析各博弈主体的策略选择及不同选择下均衡点的稳定性,并对结果进行赋值仿真,探讨关键参数如何影响博弈主体的行为演化。研究发现,政府参与产业链协同创新系统经历了“起步-稳定合作-成熟”三个演化阶段,各阶段分别稳定在不同状态。为避免政府规制时出现企业不合作的情形,政府部门应根据各地市场状况不断调整政策,以达到稳定状态。随着政府激励力度和监管力度的加大,企业参与产业链协同创新的概率增大。此外,数字技术赋能系数的增加会提高企业参与协同创新的概率,而数据安全风险系数的增加则会降低企业参与协同创新的概率。

产业链“链长制”对贸易结构转型的影响研究

基于2017—2022年省级贸易面板数据,运用双重差分法,实证检验产业链“链长制”对贸易结构转型的影响效应。研究表明:产业链“链长制”的实施能够有效增加一般贸易占贸易总额的比重,并推动加工贸易向一般贸易转型;产业链“链长制”的实施对东部和东北部地区贸易结构“量”的提升效果明显,对东、中和东北部地区贸易结构“质”的优化明显;产业链“链长制”提升贸易结构“量”的行业异质性不明显,但优化贸易结构“质”的行业异质性特征显著。从培育链长产业生态、推动产业链供应链技术创新和加强产业链国际合作等方面为构建高水平链长制体系提出政策建议。

Research on the Correlation Between rs2110385 Polymorphisms of the Visfatin Gene and Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Objective:To investigate the association between rs2110385 polymorphisms of the visfatin gene and the risk of type 2 diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods:172 Han subjects were selected from Xi’an Shaanxi Province;140 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and 32 normal controls(NC)were selected from our hospital.Patients with diabetes were divided into a non-DR group(T2DM)(n=69)and a nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy Group(DR)(n=71)after dilated fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography.rs2110385/AluⅠgenotypes were detected by standardized polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP),and the differences in the detection rates of different genotypes in the above populations were compared.Results:1)The visfatin level in the DR Group was significantly higher than that in the NC and T2DM groups(P<0.05).2)The frequency of GG genotype and G allele of rs2110385 in the DR Group were higher than those in the T2DM and NC groups(80.3,69.6,50.0,86.6,79,65.6,P<0.05).3)There were significant differences in allele frequency and genotype frequency distribution of rs2110385 between the DR Group and the NC group(P<0.01).Conclusion:Visfatin increased in the nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy group and could be a potential indicator for the clinical prediction of DR.The G allele of the rs2110385 polymorphic site may be related to the risk of DR.

系泊长度及配重对浮式风机平台运动响应的影响研究

本文基于某漂浮式缩尺样机实际工程项目,采用时域分析方法对该半潜式浮式风机平台瞬态响应进行数值仿真计算,深入研究了系泊长度以及配重块重量对锚泊系统导缆孔预张力和浮式平台运动响应的影响规律。结果表明,浮式平台的纵摇、纵荡和垂荡的响应幅值随着系泊长度的增大先增大后减小;增加配重块的重量,会导致平台的纵荡和垂荡先增大后减小,纵摇先减小后增大;当同时改变系泊长度和系泊配重块重量时,配重块重量不影响系泊长度对浮式平台运动响应的变化规律的影响。

中国产业“链长制”实施现状与对策研究

在新冠疫情外部因素影响下,我国部分行业的产业链供应链受到很大冲击,“链长制”作为新型的产业治理实践手段,在全国范围内被广泛采用。通过回溯产业“链长制”的来源及概念,从产业优势、工作机制、金融扶持三方面系统梳理国内城市产业“链长制”现状的实施情况,以提出鼓励社会多元主体参与、区域差异化错位协同发展、创新智慧招商、搭建供需对接平台、加强宣传引导五大对策建议,为加快提升我国城市产业链现代化水平、推动经济产业高质量发展建言献策。

A re-evaluation of the average chain length of lacustrine sedimentary n-alkanes as a paleoproxy on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Long-chain n-alkanes are one of the most common organic compounds in terrestrial plants and they are well-preserved in various geological archives.n-alkanes are relatively resistant to degradation and thus they can provide high-fidelity records of past vegetation and climate changes.Nevertheless,previous studies have shown that the interpretation of n-alkane proxies,such as the average chain length(ACL),is often ambiguous since this proxy depends on more than one variable.Both vegetation and climate could exert controls on the n-alkane ACL,and hence its interpretation requires careful consideration,especially in regions like the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)where topography,biome type and moisture source are highly variable.To further evaluate the influences of vegetation and climate on the ACL in high-elevation lakes,we examined the n-alkane distributions of the surface sediments of 55 lakes across the QTP.Our results show that the ACL across a climatic gradient is significantly affected by precipitation,rather than by temperature.The positive correlation between ACL and precipitation may be because of the effect of microbial degradation during deposition.Finally,we suggest that more caution is needed in the interpretation of ACL data in different regions.

Effect of nonionic side chain length of polycarboxylate-ethe卜based high-range water-reducing admixture on properties of cementitious systems

Despite the large variations in the behaviors of water-reducing admixtures upon changes in their structures,most previous reports on the cement-admixture compatibility did not provide suficient information on the structure of the admixture.Hence,the evaluation and generalization of the reports on the cement-admixture compatibility are challenging.In this study,three different polycarboxylate-ether-based water-reducing admixtures with the same free nonionic content,anionic/nonionic molar ratio,and main chain length and different side chain lengths were produced.The compatibility of these admixtures with a CEM I 42.5R-type cement was investigated.In addition,an analysis of variance was performed on the experiment results to evaluate the contributions of the admixture type,admixture/cement ratio,and elapsing time to the Marsh funnel flow time,mini-slump,slump flow,and compressive strength.The water-reducing admixtures having long or short side chains reduced the initial flow characteristics of the cementitious systems.However,the admixture having the shortest side chain was better with regard to flow retention.The side chain length of the admixture did not have significant effects on the compressive strength and water absorption capacity of the mortar mixtures and mini-slump performances of the cement paste mixtures.Regarding the behaviors of the admixtures in the cementitious systems,an optimal admixture side chain molecular weight is proposed.

基于链长制的米仓山茶产业链优化研究——以四川省旺苍县为例

四川省广元市旺苍县的米仓山茶全产业链百亿产业集群是当地特色产业的重中之重,但其发展中横纵向产业链中都存在一定问题。基于产业链链长制理念,该产业发展中应从纵向和横向对产业链进行延伸,大力发展精深加工,提高茶叶附加值,拓宽销售渠道,深化产业融合发展理念。龙头企业应带头克服困难,查缺补漏,打通产业链发展的堵塞点,弥补产业链缺口,开展标准化种植,提升初加工茶叶的质量。企业间应相互协调,与地区间相联结,形成产业集群,加强“茶叶+”产业融合服务体系建设,加大品牌整合力度及产业融合宣传力度。旺苍县米仓山茶产业链应利用好链长制的协调作用,整合内外部优势资源,建立产业链上下游协作机制,延长产业链,提高价值链,为米仓山茶全产业链产业集群建设助力。