Landslide disasters comprise the majority of geological incidents on slopes,posing severe threats to the safety of human lives and property while exerting a significant impact on the geological environment.The rapid i...Landslide disasters comprise the majority of geological incidents on slopes,posing severe threats to the safety of human lives and property while exerting a significant impact on the geological environment.The rapid identification of landslides is important for disaster prevention and control;however,currently,landslide identification relies mainly on the manual interpretation of remote sensing images.Manual interpretation and feature recognition methods are time-consuming,labor-intensive,and challenging when confronted with complex scenarios.Consequently,automatic landslide recognition has emerged as a pivotal avenue for future development.In this study,a dataset comprising 2000 landslide images was constructed using open-source remote sensing images and datasets.The YOLOv7 model was enhanced using data augmentation algorithms and attention mechanisms.Three optimization models were formulated to realize automatic landslide recognition.The findings demonstrate the commendable performance of the optimized model in automatic landslide recognition,achieving a peak accuracy of 95.92%.Subsequently,the optimized model was applied to regional landslide identification,co-seismic landslide identification,and landslide recognition at various scales,all of which showed robust recognition capabilities.Nevertheless,the model exhibits limitations in detecting small targets,indicating areas for refining the deep-learning algorithms.The results of this research offer valuable technical support for the swift identification,prevention,and mitigation of landslide disasters.展开更多
Human settlements are the place where human beings live,among which the rural settlements can be regarded as a reflection of human-land relationship in mountain areas because their vertical distribution is greatly inf...Human settlements are the place where human beings live,among which the rural settlements can be regarded as a reflection of human-land relationship in mountain areas because their vertical distribution is greatly influenced by the specific geographical environment and ecological conditions of mountains.Based on field investigation,this paper uses physical,geographical,and ecological theories to make a comprehensive study of rural settlements and mountain disasters in the upper Min River,which is an ecologically fragile area with high-frequency disasters(collapse,landslide,debris flow,etc.) and a minority inhabit district.By applying these modern scientific theories,this paper attempts to shed some light on the relationship between rural settlements and mountain disasters.Consequently,an in-depth understanding of this relationship was achieved as follows:(1) Rural settlements and mountain disasters are mainly distributed in the intercepted flows of water and soil; and both quantity and quality of arable lands in mountains are important indicators of these flows.(2) The Small Watershed Management Project is a complex system of rural settlements and mountain disasters that interacts with and constrains the ecological system.By this project,the human survival will be better guaranteed.Being fundamental for the ecological reconstruction,the coupling mechanism of rural settlements and mountain disasters is not only an engine to promote harmonious development between human and nature,but also a bridge to link them.展开更多
Based on a Chinese national high arch dam located in a meizoseismal region, a nonlinear numerical analysis model of the damage and failure process of a dam-foundation system is established by employing a 3-D deformabl...Based on a Chinese national high arch dam located in a meizoseismal region, a nonlinear numerical analysis model of the damage and failure process of a dam-foundation system is established by employing a 3-D deformable distinct element code(3DEC) and its re-development functions. The proposed analysis model considers the dam-foundation-reservoir coupling effect, infl uence of nonlinear contact in the opening and closing of the dam seam surface and abutment rock joints during strong earthquakes, and radiation damping of far fi eld energy dissipation according to the actual workability state of an arch dam. A safety assessment method and safety evaluation criteria is developed to better understand the arch dam system disaster process from local damage to ultimate failure. The dynamic characteristics, disaster mechanism, limit bearing capacity and the entire failure process of a high arch dam under a strong earthquake are then analyzed. Further, the seismic safety of the arch dam is evaluated according to the proposed evaluation criteria and safety assessment method. As a result, some useful conclusions are obtained for some aspects of the disaster mechanism and failure process of an arch dam. The analysis method and conclusions may be useful in engineering practice.展开更多
Number of reservoirs in China ranks the first in the world. Due to the complex geology, and superimposing rainfall and reservoir water fluctuation, the bank collapse chain is prone to disasters. The Yangtze River Rese...Number of reservoirs in China ranks the first in the world. Due to the complex geology, and superimposing rainfall and reservoir water fluctuation, the bank collapse chain is prone to disasters. The Yangtze River Reservoir is key geological disaster prevention area. Studying the process of reservoir disaster is significant because of the limited territorial space utilization. Scientific and technological issues, i.e., the mechanism of bank collapse disaster chain of large reservoirs, the interaction mechanism of bank collapse disaster chain and territorial space utilization, the early identification, monitoring technology and ecological prevention and control technology system of disaster chain, and the territorial space geological safety and control technology system are focused. We consider the material transformation, energy transfer and information transmission in disaster chain;adopt the survey, Space-Air-Ground integrated monitoring, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and the multidisciplinary research methods;reveal the chain source development, evolution process of secondary and derivative disasters;explore the interaction mechanism of disaster chain and territorial space utilization;construct the system of early identification, monitoring, early warning, control and ecological preven-tion to achieve Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality;provide theoretical and technical support for the territorial space geological safety, regulation and utilization of large reservoirs.展开更多
Taking Youxi County of Fujian Province as an example,the author introduced basic situations of new bio-disaster prevention and control mechanism for forest resource protection and social service works after the forest...Taking Youxi County of Fujian Province as an example,the author introduced basic situations of new bio-disaster prevention and control mechanism for forest resource protection and social service works after the forest tenure reform.Then,the author analyzed new problems faced by bio-disaster prevention and control in forestry.Finally,the author present the existing problems of bio-disaster prevention and control at the county level from five aspects:innovating upon plant quarantine management mechanism;innovation upon survey methods and service modes of bio-disaster monitoring;strengthening and improving construction of bio-disaster monitoring and forecasting network;innovating upon management system for bio-disaster prevention and control;speeding up construction of service system for social prevention and control of bio-disasters.展开更多
With the large-scale mining of coal resources,the huge economic losses and environmental problems caused by underground coal fires have become increasingly prominent,and the research on the status quo and response str...With the large-scale mining of coal resources,the huge economic losses and environmental problems caused by underground coal fires have become increasingly prominent,and the research on the status quo and response strategies of underground coal fires is of great significance to accelerate the green prevention and control of coal fires,energy conservation and emission reduction.In this paper,we summarized and sorted out the research status of underground coal fires,focused on the theoretical and technical issues such as underground coal fire combustion mechanism,multiphysics coupling effect of coal fire combustion,fire prevention and extinguishing technology for underground coal fires,and beneficial utilization technology,and described the latest research progress of the prevention and control for underground coal fire hazards.Finally,the key research problems in the field of underground coal fire hazards prevention and control were proposed in the direction of the basic theory,technology research,comprehensive management and utilization,with a view to providing ideas and solutions for the management of underground coal fires.展开更多
Based on meteorological data of Zhumadian City in the past 56 years, the damage of flood-causing rainstorm to towns in Zhumadian City as well as its cataclysm form, influencing system, cataclysm characteristics and ac...Based on meteorological data of Zhumadian City in the past 56 years, the damage of flood-causing rainstorm to towns in Zhumadian City as well as its cataclysm form, influencing system, cataclysm characteristics and action mechanism were analyzed to discuss the characteristics and rules of damage caused by flood-causing rainstorm. Meanwhile, countermeasures against flood-causing rainstorm cataclysm in Zhumadian City were proposed to provide scientific references for early warning and monitoring of flood-causing rainstorm as well as flood control and disaster mitigation.展开更多
On Jan.31 of 2010,the Suining earthquake occurred at Suining City whch is located the center of Sichuan Basin.It is unusual for the strong earthquake to occur at the center of Sichuan Basin with a stable geotectonic e...On Jan.31 of 2010,the Suining earthquake occurred at Suining City whch is located the center of Sichuan Basin.It is unusual for the strong earthquake to occur at the center of Sichuan Basin with a stable geotectonic environment and a low-level historical seismicity.The macro-epicenter of the earthquake is located at Moxi town of Suining city,Sichuan province,China.The earthquake intensity of the epicenter area is degree VII,and the long axis of the isoseismal line trends in NE orientation.The Suining earthquake caused the collapse or destruction of 460 family houses.The earthquake focal mechanism solution and records of the near-field seismographic stations showed the earthquake occurred at the reverse fault at a depth 34 km.Based on the waveform and focal mechanism,we consider the Suning earthquake is triggered by the reverse fault and not by the gravitational collapse or man-made explosive sources.Basing on seismic refraction profile and borehole,we consider that the earthquake is triggered by the backthrust fault of Moxi anticline rooted in detachments at a depth 3-4 km.Furthermore,we infer that tectonic mechanism of the Suining(Ms5.0) Earthquake is driven by the horizontal crustal shortening and stress adjustment on a shallow detachment after the Wenchuan(Ms 8.0) earthquake.展开更多
The generation of anthropogenic natural disasters is analyzed firstly,and then the harm of anthropogenic natural disasters is studied.Finally,the measures to prevention anthropogenic natural disasters are proposed,suc...The generation of anthropogenic natural disasters is analyzed firstly,and then the harm of anthropogenic natural disasters is studied.Finally,the measures to prevention anthropogenic natural disasters are proposed,such as facing the status and role of natural resources in social and economic development squarely,actively exploring the development model of harmonizing economy with resources and environment,relying on scientific and technological progress to solve the problem of natural resources,and improving relevant policies,laws and regulations.展开更多
A series of housing collapses and other serious damage was caused by the 2008 Wenchuan M_(S)8.0 earthquake in the seismic intensity Ⅵ areas of the Loess Plateau, which is hundreds of kilometers away from the epicente...A series of housing collapses and other serious damage was caused by the 2008 Wenchuan M_(S)8.0 earthquake in the seismic intensity Ⅵ areas of the Loess Plateau, which is hundreds of kilometers away from the epicenter, and which showed a remarkable seismic intensity anomaly. The seismic disasters are closely related to the seismic response characteristics of the site, therefore, the systematic study of the far-field seismic response law of the Wenchuan earthquake in the Loess Plateau is of great significance to prevent the far-field disaster of great earthquake. In this paper, the seismic acceleration records of several bedrock stations and loess stations from the seismogenic fault of the Wenchuan earthquake to the Loess Plateau were collected, and the attenuation law of ground motion along the propagation path and the characteristics of seismic response on the loess site are studied,and the mechanism of amplification effect of ground motion is analyzed based on the dynamic feature parameters of the loess site obtained through the HVSR method. Taking a typical loess site of thick deposit as the prototype, a series of shaking table tests of dynamic response of loess site models with different thicknesses were carried out.Amplification effect, spectral characteristics of acceleration in model sites were analyzed under the action of a farfield seismic wave of the Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that seismic attenuation on the propagation path along the NE strike of the seismogenic fault to the Loess Plateau is slower than that in other directions, and the predominant period range of ground motion on bedrock site of the Loess Plateau presents broadband characteristics. Because the natural periods of loess sites with thick deposits are within the predominant period range of bedrock input wave, loess sites appear significant amplification effect of ground motion, the horizontal acceleration of ground motion exceeds 0.1 g, the seismic intensity reaches 7°. The thicker the loess deposit is, the more significant the change of spectral characteristics of ground motion on loess sites, and the narrower the predominant period range of ground motion becomes, and the closer it is to the natural period of loess sites.Therefore, for some old houses on thick loess sites, the poor seismic performance and strong seismic response eventually led to their collapses and damages because their natural periods are very close to the predominant period of ground motion of the Wenchuan earthquake on thick loess sites;For these damaged high-rise buildings,the resonance effect might be the main reason for their damages because their natural periods are included in the predominant period range of ground motion of the Wenchuan earthquake on thick loess sites.These research results would provide a basis for seismic disasters prediction and evaluation and seismic design of construction engineering in the Loess Plateau.展开更多
基金The authors sincerely appreciate the valuable comments from the anonymous reviewers.The team of Jishunping from Wuhan University is acknowledged for supplying open-source remote sensing data.This research was supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(Grant No.2019QZKK0904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22A20597).
文摘Landslide disasters comprise the majority of geological incidents on slopes,posing severe threats to the safety of human lives and property while exerting a significant impact on the geological environment.The rapid identification of landslides is important for disaster prevention and control;however,currently,landslide identification relies mainly on the manual interpretation of remote sensing images.Manual interpretation and feature recognition methods are time-consuming,labor-intensive,and challenging when confronted with complex scenarios.Consequently,automatic landslide recognition has emerged as a pivotal avenue for future development.In this study,a dataset comprising 2000 landslide images was constructed using open-source remote sensing images and datasets.The YOLOv7 model was enhanced using data augmentation algorithms and attention mechanisms.Three optimization models were formulated to realize automatic landslide recognition.The findings demonstrate the commendable performance of the optimized model in automatic landslide recognition,achieving a peak accuracy of 95.92%.Subsequently,the optimized model was applied to regional landslide identification,co-seismic landslide identification,and landslide recognition at various scales,all of which showed robust recognition capabilities.Nevertheless,the model exhibits limitations in detecting small targets,indicating areas for refining the deep-learning algorithms.The results of this research offer valuable technical support for the swift identification,prevention,and mitigation of landslide disasters.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41101164 and 41371185)Directional Project of Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.SDS-135-1204-01)the key project of Education Department of Sichuan Province(Grant No.13ZA0160)
文摘Human settlements are the place where human beings live,among which the rural settlements can be regarded as a reflection of human-land relationship in mountain areas because their vertical distribution is greatly influenced by the specific geographical environment and ecological conditions of mountains.Based on field investigation,this paper uses physical,geographical,and ecological theories to make a comprehensive study of rural settlements and mountain disasters in the upper Min River,which is an ecologically fragile area with high-frequency disasters(collapse,landslide,debris flow,etc.) and a minority inhabit district.By applying these modern scientific theories,this paper attempts to shed some light on the relationship between rural settlements and mountain disasters.Consequently,an in-depth understanding of this relationship was achieved as follows:(1) Rural settlements and mountain disasters are mainly distributed in the intercepted flows of water and soil; and both quantity and quality of arable lands in mountains are important indicators of these flows.(2) The Small Watershed Management Project is a complex system of rural settlements and mountain disasters that interacts with and constrains the ecological system.By this project,the human survival will be better guaranteed.Being fundamental for the ecological reconstruction,the coupling mechanism of rural settlements and mountain disasters is not only an engine to promote harmonious development between human and nature,but also a bridge to link them.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.90510017
文摘Based on a Chinese national high arch dam located in a meizoseismal region, a nonlinear numerical analysis model of the damage and failure process of a dam-foundation system is established by employing a 3-D deformable distinct element code(3DEC) and its re-development functions. The proposed analysis model considers the dam-foundation-reservoir coupling effect, infl uence of nonlinear contact in the opening and closing of the dam seam surface and abutment rock joints during strong earthquakes, and radiation damping of far fi eld energy dissipation according to the actual workability state of an arch dam. A safety assessment method and safety evaluation criteria is developed to better understand the arch dam system disaster process from local damage to ultimate failure. The dynamic characteristics, disaster mechanism, limit bearing capacity and the entire failure process of a high arch dam under a strong earthquake are then analyzed. Further, the seismic safety of the arch dam is evaluated according to the proposed evaluation criteria and safety assessment method. As a result, some useful conclusions are obtained for some aspects of the disaster mechanism and failure process of an arch dam. The analysis method and conclusions may be useful in engineering practice.
文摘Number of reservoirs in China ranks the first in the world. Due to the complex geology, and superimposing rainfall and reservoir water fluctuation, the bank collapse chain is prone to disasters. The Yangtze River Reservoir is key geological disaster prevention area. Studying the process of reservoir disaster is significant because of the limited territorial space utilization. Scientific and technological issues, i.e., the mechanism of bank collapse disaster chain of large reservoirs, the interaction mechanism of bank collapse disaster chain and territorial space utilization, the early identification, monitoring technology and ecological prevention and control technology system of disaster chain, and the territorial space geological safety and control technology system are focused. We consider the material transformation, energy transfer and information transmission in disaster chain;adopt the survey, Space-Air-Ground integrated monitoring, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and the multidisciplinary research methods;reveal the chain source development, evolution process of secondary and derivative disasters;explore the interaction mechanism of disaster chain and territorial space utilization;construct the system of early identification, monitoring, early warning, control and ecological preven-tion to achieve Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality;provide theoretical and technical support for the territorial space geological safety, regulation and utilization of large reservoirs.
文摘Taking Youxi County of Fujian Province as an example,the author introduced basic situations of new bio-disaster prevention and control mechanism for forest resource protection and social service works after the forest tenure reform.Then,the author analyzed new problems faced by bio-disaster prevention and control in forestry.Finally,the author present the existing problems of bio-disaster prevention and control at the county level from five aspects:innovating upon plant quarantine management mechanism;innovation upon survey methods and service modes of bio-disaster monitoring;strengthening and improving construction of bio-disaster monitoring and forecasting network;innovating upon management system for bio-disaster prevention and control;speeding up construction of service system for social prevention and control of bio-disasters.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52174229)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2021-KF-23-01),for which the authors are very thankful.
文摘With the large-scale mining of coal resources,the huge economic losses and environmental problems caused by underground coal fires have become increasingly prominent,and the research on the status quo and response strategies of underground coal fires is of great significance to accelerate the green prevention and control of coal fires,energy conservation and emission reduction.In this paper,we summarized and sorted out the research status of underground coal fires,focused on the theoretical and technical issues such as underground coal fire combustion mechanism,multiphysics coupling effect of coal fire combustion,fire prevention and extinguishing technology for underground coal fires,and beneficial utilization technology,and described the latest research progress of the prevention and control for underground coal fire hazards.Finally,the key research problems in the field of underground coal fire hazards prevention and control were proposed in the direction of the basic theory,technology research,comprehensive management and utilization,with a view to providing ideas and solutions for the management of underground coal fires.
文摘Based on meteorological data of Zhumadian City in the past 56 years, the damage of flood-causing rainstorm to towns in Zhumadian City as well as its cataclysm form, influencing system, cataclysm characteristics and action mechanism were analyzed to discuss the characteristics and rules of damage caused by flood-causing rainstorm. Meanwhile, countermeasures against flood-causing rainstorm cataclysm in Zhumadian City were proposed to provide scientific references for early warning and monitoring of flood-causing rainstorm as well as flood control and disaster mitigation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40841010,40972083,41172162)the National Science and Technology Support Program (Grant nNo. 2006BAC13B02-107,2006BAC13B01-604) for the funding
文摘On Jan.31 of 2010,the Suining earthquake occurred at Suining City whch is located the center of Sichuan Basin.It is unusual for the strong earthquake to occur at the center of Sichuan Basin with a stable geotectonic environment and a low-level historical seismicity.The macro-epicenter of the earthquake is located at Moxi town of Suining city,Sichuan province,China.The earthquake intensity of the epicenter area is degree VII,and the long axis of the isoseismal line trends in NE orientation.The Suining earthquake caused the collapse or destruction of 460 family houses.The earthquake focal mechanism solution and records of the near-field seismographic stations showed the earthquake occurred at the reverse fault at a depth 34 km.Based on the waveform and focal mechanism,we consider the Suning earthquake is triggered by the reverse fault and not by the gravitational collapse or man-made explosive sources.Basing on seismic refraction profile and borehole,we consider that the earthquake is triggered by the backthrust fault of Moxi anticline rooted in detachments at a depth 3-4 km.Furthermore,we infer that tectonic mechanism of the Suining(Ms5.0) Earthquake is driven by the horizontal crustal shortening and stress adjustment on a shallow detachment after the Wenchuan(Ms 8.0) earthquake.
文摘The generation of anthropogenic natural disasters is analyzed firstly,and then the harm of anthropogenic natural disasters is studied.Finally,the measures to prevention anthropogenic natural disasters are proposed,such as facing the status and role of natural resources in social and economic development squarely,actively exploring the development model of harmonizing economy with resources and environment,relying on scientific and technological progress to solve the problem of natural resources,and improving relevant policies,laws and regulations.
基金the Basic Scientific Research Fund and Science and Technology Innovation Base of Lanzhou,Institute of Earthquake Forecasting,China Earthquake Administration(No.2021IESLZ02,2018 IESLZ07).
文摘A series of housing collapses and other serious damage was caused by the 2008 Wenchuan M_(S)8.0 earthquake in the seismic intensity Ⅵ areas of the Loess Plateau, which is hundreds of kilometers away from the epicenter, and which showed a remarkable seismic intensity anomaly. The seismic disasters are closely related to the seismic response characteristics of the site, therefore, the systematic study of the far-field seismic response law of the Wenchuan earthquake in the Loess Plateau is of great significance to prevent the far-field disaster of great earthquake. In this paper, the seismic acceleration records of several bedrock stations and loess stations from the seismogenic fault of the Wenchuan earthquake to the Loess Plateau were collected, and the attenuation law of ground motion along the propagation path and the characteristics of seismic response on the loess site are studied,and the mechanism of amplification effect of ground motion is analyzed based on the dynamic feature parameters of the loess site obtained through the HVSR method. Taking a typical loess site of thick deposit as the prototype, a series of shaking table tests of dynamic response of loess site models with different thicknesses were carried out.Amplification effect, spectral characteristics of acceleration in model sites were analyzed under the action of a farfield seismic wave of the Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that seismic attenuation on the propagation path along the NE strike of the seismogenic fault to the Loess Plateau is slower than that in other directions, and the predominant period range of ground motion on bedrock site of the Loess Plateau presents broadband characteristics. Because the natural periods of loess sites with thick deposits are within the predominant period range of bedrock input wave, loess sites appear significant amplification effect of ground motion, the horizontal acceleration of ground motion exceeds 0.1 g, the seismic intensity reaches 7°. The thicker the loess deposit is, the more significant the change of spectral characteristics of ground motion on loess sites, and the narrower the predominant period range of ground motion becomes, and the closer it is to the natural period of loess sites.Therefore, for some old houses on thick loess sites, the poor seismic performance and strong seismic response eventually led to their collapses and damages because their natural periods are very close to the predominant period of ground motion of the Wenchuan earthquake on thick loess sites;For these damaged high-rise buildings,the resonance effect might be the main reason for their damages because their natural periods are included in the predominant period range of ground motion of the Wenchuan earthquake on thick loess sites.These research results would provide a basis for seismic disasters prediction and evaluation and seismic design of construction engineering in the Loess Plateau.