A novel molybdenite depressant for efficient selective flotation separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite

A novel small molecule depressant(M-DEP)was used to separate chalcopyrite and molybdenite via flotation.The results showed that M-DEP had an excellent selective depression on molybdenite,while had little effect on the flotation of chalcopyrite.The adsorption capacity of M-DEP on the surface of molybdenite was greater than that on chalcopyrite surface.The adsorption of M-DEP reduced the floatability of molybdenite and had less effect on the floatability of chalcopyrite,which was due to its different adsorption modes on the surface of the two minerals.Furthermore,the interaction between chalcopyrite and M-DEP was mainly chemical interaction,and almost all of the adsorbed M-DEP molecules were removed and replaced by sodium butyl xanthate(SBX).By contrast,hydrophobic interaction was the main way in which M-DEP was adsorbed on the molybdenite surface with little chemical interaction,which was less interfered by SBX addition.Therefore,M-DEP had a super selective depression on molybdenite.The study provided a novel depressant and approach for the deep separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite via flotation.

Ferric ion-triggered surface oxidation of galena for efficient chalcopyrite-galena separation

The efficient separation of chalcopyrite(CuFeS2)and galena(PbS)is essential for optimal resource utilization.However,find-ing a selective depressant that is environmentally friendly and cost effective remains a challenge.Through various techniques,such as mi-croflotation tests,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observation,X-ray photoelectron spec-troscopy(XPS),and Raman spectroscopy measurements,this study explored the use of ferric ions(Fe^(3+))as a selective depressant for ga-lena.The results of flotation tests revealed the impressive selective inhibition capabilities of Fe^(3+)when used alone.Surface analysis showed that Fe^(3+)significantly reduced the adsorption of isopropyl ethyl thionocarbamate(IPETC)on the galena surface while having a minimal impact on chalcopyrite.Further analysis using SEM,XPS,and Raman spectra revealed that Fe^(3+)can oxidize lead sulfide to form compact lead sulfate nanoparticles on the galena surface,effectively depressing IPETC adsorption and increasing surface hydrophilicity.These findings provide a promising solution for the efficient and environmentally responsible separation of chalcopyrite and galena.

Xanthate interaction and flotation separation of H2O2-treated chalcopyrite and pyrite

This study investigated the effects of H2O2 treatment on xanthate interaction and flotation separation of chalcopyrite and pyrite by making use of a series of laboratory flotation experiments and surface analysis techniques.Flotation test results showed that H2O2 treatment influenced the flotation behaviors of the two minerals;however,flotation of pyrite was depressed more significantly than that of the chalcopyrite.Under well-controlled H2O2 concentration,the selective separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was realized at pH 9.0,at which the recovery of chalcopyrite was over 84%and that of pyrite was less than 24%.Zeta potential,UV-visible and IR spectrum measurements revealed that the collector interacted differently with the two minerals after H2O2 treatment,and the surface of chalcopyrite adsorbed much greater amount of xanthate than that of the pyrite.IR and XPS analyses showed that the H2O2 treatment significantly changed the surface properties of pyrite to very hydrophilic species that inhibited the adsorption of collector and thus depressed the floatability of pyrite.While,the surface of chalcopyrite remained mildly inert to H2O2,as a result,the adsorption of xanthate and its oxidation to dixanthogen were very effective,which enhanced the flotation of chalcopyrite.

Interaction mechanism of ferrate(Ⅵ) with arsenopyrite surface and its effect on flotation separation of chalcopyrite from arsenopyrite

Potassium ferrate(K_(2)FeO_(4)) was used as a novel environmental-friendly depressant,and its inhibition effect on flotation performance of arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite using potassium ethyl xanthate(PEX)as a collector was investigated by flotation experiments,contact angle measurements,adsorption measurements,localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(LEIS)measurements,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analyses.The results showed that K_(2)FeO_(4)strongly depressed arsenopyrite in a pH range of 4−11,and the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from arsenopyrite could be realized in the presence of 5×10^(−4)mol/L K_(2)FeO_(4)and 5×10^(−5)mol/L PEX at pH 8 or 10.In the presence of K_(2)FeO_(4) and PEX,the contact angle and the xanthate adsorption capacity of arsenopyrite decreased significantly.LEIS measurements showed that the addition of ferrate could significantly increase the impedance of the arsenopyrite surface.XPS analyses further confirmed that ferrate accelerated the oxidation of arsenopyrite surface.

Seaweed glue as a novel polymer depressant for the selective separation of chalcopyrite and galena

The use of seaweed glue(SEG)as a novel polymer depressant for the separation of chalcopyrite from galena with butyl xanthate(BX)as a collector was studied through microflotation experiments.Contact angle,adsorption,dynamic potential,and infrared spectral analyses were conducted to clarify the mechanism underlying the action of SEG on minerals.The results of microflotation experiments indicated that chalcopyrite could be selectively separated from galena by using a SEG depressant concentration of 15 mg·L^-1,BX concentration of 10 mg·L^-1,and methyl isobutyl carbinol concentration of 8.5 mg·L^-1 at pH 8.0.A Cu concentrate with a grading of 23.68wt% was obtained at a recovery rate of 81.52% from mixed minerals with 8.29wt% Cu content.Contact angle analysis showed that the effect of SEG on the wettability of galena was stronger than that on the wettability of chalcopyrite.Adsorption,zeta potential,and FT-IR spectral analyses revealed that SEG and BX were coadsorbed on the surfaces of galena.SEG depressed galena by covering xanthate ions in the functional groups of-COO and mainly underwent weak physisorption on chalcopyrite.These mechanisms account for the ability of SEG to depress galena effectively while enabling chalcopyrite flotation.

Selective depression mechanism of ferric chromium lignin sulfonate for chalcopyrite–galena flotation separation

Selective recovery of chalcopyrite–galena ore by flotation remains a challenging issue.The development of highly efficient,low-cost,and environmentally friendly depressants for this flotation is necessary because most of available reagents(e.g.,K_2Cr_2O_4)are expensive and adversely affect the environment.In this study,ferric chromium lignin sulfonate(FCLS),which is a waste-product from the paper and pulp industry,was introduced as a selective depressant for galena with butyl xanthate(BX)as a collector.Results show that the residue recovery of Pb in Cu concentrate was substantially reduced to 4.73%using FCLS compared with 10.71%using the common depressant K_2Cr_2O_4.The underlying mechanisms were revealed using zeta-potential measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Zeta-potential measurements revealed that FCLS was more efficiently absorbed onto galena than onto chalcopyrite.XPS measurements further suggested that FCLS enhanced the surface oxidation of galena but prevented that of chalcopyrite.Thus,FCLS could be a potential candidate as a depressant for chalcopyrite–galena flotation because of its low cost and its lack of detrimental effects on the environment.

Effect of organic depressant lignosulfonate calcium on separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite

In order to selectively separate chalcopyrite from pyrite,the effect of organic depressant lignosulfonate calcium(LSC) on the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was investigated by flotation tests. The depression mechanism was studied by Fourier-transform-infrared(FTIR) analysis. The flotation tests of single mineral show that LSC can depress the flotation of pyrite in a certain pH range,but it has little effect on chalcopyrite flotation. Flotation separation of a mixture of chalcopyrite and pyrite can be completed to obtain a copper concentrate grade up to 24.73% with a recovery of 80.36%. IR analysis shows that LSC and butyl xanthate compete in absorption on pyrite surface,and there exists an LSC characteristic peak on pyrite surface. There is little adsorption of LSC on chalcopyrite.

The selective effect of food-grade guar gum on chalcopyrite-monoclinic pyrrhotite separation using mixed aerofloat(CSU11) as collector

The flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite using food-grade guar gum(FGG) as a depressant was studied through flotation tests, kinetic studies, dynamic potential measurements, adsorption experiments, and infrared spectral analyses. The microflotation results showed that the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite could not be realized by adding mixed aerofloat(CSU11) alone. The depressant FGG exhibited a selective depression effect on monoclinic pyrrhotite by controlling the pulp pH range from 5.0 to 6.0, with a maximum floatability variation of 79.36% in the presence of CSU11. The flotation kinetics, zeta-potential, adsorption, and infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that the FGG could absorb more strongly on the surface of monoclinic pyrrhotite than on the surface of chalcopyrite. In addition, the results revealed that the interaction of FGG with the monoclinic pyrrhotite surface was governed primarily by strong chemisorption, whereas FGG mainly bonded to chalcopyrite through hydrogen bonding. This difference was responsible for the excellent depression selectivity of FGG toward monoclinic pyrrhotite flotation and weak depression effect toward chalcopyrite flotation.

Separation of galena and chalcopyrite using the difference in their surface acid corrosion characteristics

Galena(PbS)and chalcopyrite(CuFeS_(2))are sulfide minerals that exhibit good floatability characteristics.Thus,efficiently separating them via common flotation is challenging.Herein,a new method of surface sulfuric acid corrosion in conjunction with flotation separation was proposed,and the efficient separation of galena and chalcopyrite was successfully realized.Contact angle test results showed a substantial decrease in surface contact angle and a selective inhibition of surface floatability for corroded galena.Meanwhile,the contact angle and floatability of corroded chalcopyrite remained almost unaffected.Scanning electron microscope results confirmed that sulfuric acid corrosion led to the formation of a dense oxide layer on the galena surface,whereas the chalcopyrite surface remained unaltered.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the chemical state of S^(2-)on the surface of corroded galena was oxidized to SO_(4)^(2-).A layer of hydrophilic PbSO4was formed on the surface,leading to a sharp decrease in galena floatability.Meanwhile,new hydrophobic CuS_(2),CuS,and Cu_(1-x)Fe_(1-y)S_(2-z)species exhibiting good floatability were generated on the chalcopyrite surface.Finally,theoretical analysis results were further verified by corrosion–flotation separation experiments.The galena–chalcopyrite mixture was completely separated via flotation separation under appropriate corrosion acidity,corrosion temperature,and corrosion time.A novel approach has been outlined in this study,providing potential applications in the efficient separation of refractory copper–lead sulfide ore.

SEPARATION OF PYRITE FROM CHALCOPYRITE WITH ORGANIC DEPRESSANT CTP

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Selective depression effect in flotation separation of copper-molybdenum sulfides using 2,3-disulfanylbutanedioic acid

2,3-disulfanylbutanedioic acid（DMSA） was found to be a selective depressant in the flotation separation of coppermolybdenum sulfides.The flotation results suggest that a low dosage of DMSA has a strong depression effect on chalcopyrite in the p H range between 4 and 12.At p H 6,the recoveries of molybdenum are up to 85%,75%,and 80% while those of chalcopyrite are 15%,5%,and 20% respectively when flotation tests are carried out with single minerals,mixed minerals and molybdenum-bearing copper concentrates.Adsorption isotherms measurement indicates that DMSA adsorbs more strongly on chalcopyrite than on molybdenite.The frontier orbital calculation reveals that the two S atoms of DMSA molecule are active centers for the adsorption of the DMSA molecule on chalcopyrite surface.Fermi level calculation shows that chalcopyrite can obtain electrons from the DMSA molecule while molybdenite cannot.

Depression effect of pseudo glycolythiourea acid in flotation separation of copper-molybdenum

Pseudo glycolythiourea acid（PGA） was synthesized and used as depressant for flotation separation of Cu and Mo.The results indicate that a low amount of PGA has strong depression effect on chalcopyrite.Mo grade of 26.17% and recovery of 89.83% were achieved with rougher and scavenger one time and cleaners twice,while the recovery of Mo was deceased by 2% when Na2S was used as depressant.Measurement on adsorption of PGA on the mineral surface indicates that PGA and xanthate were adsorbed on mineral surface by competition,and PGA was adsorbed on chalcopyrite surface much stronger than on molybdenite surface.FTIR results indicate a chemical absorption process for PGA on chalcopyrite surface and a physical adsorption process on molybdenite surface.The frontier orbital calculation shows that the S atom is an active center,and the depression of PGA can be explained with the Fermi level of energy based on the electrochemical mechanism.

Selective depression of copper-activated sphalerite by polyaspartic acid during chalcopyrite flotation

Environmentally friendly flotation reagent,polyaspartic acid(PAPA),was tested as a potential selective depressant in the flotation separation of chalcopyrite and Cu-activated sphalerite.The depression mechanism of PAPA was revealed by contact angle measurements,Zeta potential measurements,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)analysis and inductively coupled plasma(ICP)measurement.The micro-flotation tests with single minerals showed that PAPA selectively depressed Cu-activated sphalerite,while chalcopyrite remained floatable.Moreover,a concentrate containing 31.40%Cu with a recovery of 92.43%was obtained in flotation tests of artificially mixed minerals.Results of contact angle measurements,Zeta potential measurements and FT-IR spectrum revealed that PAPA exerted a much stronger adsorption on Cu-activated sphalerite surface than on chalcopyrite surface,preventing the further adsorption of sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate(DDTC)on its surface.ICP measurements indicated that PAPA had an excellent complexing ability with Cu^(2+)in flotation pulp,weakening the activation of Cu species on sphalerite surface and producing selective depression.

铜硫浮选分离技术与药剂研究进展

硫化铜矿的选别工艺以浮选为主,黄铜矿与黄铁矿可浮性相似是二者难以分离的根本原因。总结了硫化铜矿浮选分离技术的研究现状,介绍了优先浮铜工艺、铜硫混浮-再磨-铜硫分离工艺、分支串流浮选工艺、等可浮工艺和部分优先-混合浮选工艺的特点,综述了硫化铜矿捕收剂和黄铁矿抑制剂的分类及优缺点,并展望了铜硫浮选分离技术与药剂的发展方向。

辉钼矿浮选中铜铅抑制剂及其抑制机理研究进展

钼是一种具有战略意义的稀贵金属。辉钼矿是钼的主要来源矿物之一,常与其他硫化矿物紧密伴生,因此通常采用浮选法获得高品质钼精矿,抑制剂在辉钼矿浮选分离中的作用至关重要。本文综述了辉钼矿浮选中黄铜矿、方铅矿抑制剂及其抑制机理研究进展,展望了辉钼矿浮选抑制剂的研究方向,以期为我国钼资源高效开发提供参考。

乙二胺四亚甲基磷酸对铜砷分离效果评价及机理研究

自然界中的砷黄铁矿常与黄铜矿伴生,且在冶炼过程中砷黄铁矿中的砷元素极易渗出,一旦流入自然界不仅会污染环境还会严重影响人体健康,因此实现砷黄铁矿与黄铜矿的分离具有重要意义。浮选是分离这两种矿物最为高效且常用的手段。由于砷黄铁矿的可浮性与黄铜矿相似,目前通常借助抑制剂采取抑砷浮铅的方式对二者进行分离。铜砷分离过程中常用的无机抑制剂存在选择性差、毒害性强且污染环境等弊端。因此开发一种清洁、高效、无毒的抑制剂是当前铜砷分离的关键。开发乙二胺四亚甲基磷酸(EDTMP)在铜砷分离过程中作为一种新型砷黄铁矿抑制剂,通过单矿物浮选试验以及混合矿浮选试验验证了EDTMP的浮选性能,通过Zeta电位、红外光谱以及XPS分析测试揭示了EDTMP在砷黄铁矿与黄铜矿表面的作用机理。浮选试验表明,使用EDTMP作抑制剂在pH值为10且SIBX浓度为200 mg/L的条件下,可以有效抑制砷黄铁矿的上浮而几乎不影响黄铜矿。Zeta电位和红外光谱测试结果表明,EDTMP更倾向于吸附在砷黄铁矿表面并且阻碍SIBX的吸附。XPS结果表明EDTMP以P—O—Fe键的形式化学吸附在砷黄铁矿表面,而在黄铜矿表面的作用是一种较弱的物理吸附。EDTMP是一种新型高效的砷黄铁矿抑制,与传统的抑制剂相比具有高效、清洁、环保的特点。

碱熔-树脂分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定黄铜矿单矿物中8种贵金属元素的含量

黄铜矿单矿物样品中常伴有金、银等贵金属元素,在冶炼铜时,还会综合回收贵金属等伴生元素,因此准确测定样品中各贵金属元素含量具有重要意义,但是相应方法未见报道。通过优化熔融、树脂分离条件以及校正共存元素干扰,提出了题示方法。取0.2000 g样品置于刚玉坩锅中,加入0.5 g氢氧化钠,于室温升温至700℃,熔融5 min。趁热加入1.5 g过氧化钠,于700℃熔融30 min,冷却后加入50 mL热水,于200℃煮沸3 min。用水洗涤坩埚,收集洗涤液并合并于样品溶液中,用体积比3∶1盐酸-硝酸溶液(王水)调节酸度至pH 1。加入由质量比2∶8的A21型阴离子交换树脂和R1S-82聚苯乙烯骨架硫脲螯合树脂混合制成的混合树脂1.0 g,于70℃吸附60 min。取出树脂,加入10 g·L^(-1)硫脲溶液20 mL和50%(体积分数)王水溶液20 mL,于90℃解吸60 min。用3%(体积分数)硝酸溶液将解吸溶液稀释至100 mL,分取1 mL,用3 mol·L^(-1)硝酸溶液稀释至10 mL,供电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分析。内标镥在线加入,用于补偿基体效应和灵敏度漂移;解吸溶液中含有微量铜、镍和铅,干扰低含量铑和钌测定,通过公式可校正相应干扰。结果显示:8种贵金属元素(铂、钯、铑、铱、钌、锇、金和银)的质量浓度均在一定范围内与质谱强度呈线性关系,7种元素的检出限(3s)为0.04~0.17 ng·g^(-1)(银的检出限为0.11μg·g^(-1))。对黄铜矿单矿物样品进行精密度和准确度考察,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.47%~4.4%,加标回收率为97.2%~102%。

铜钼分离抑制剂研究进展

钼是一种十分重要的战略金属资源,其伴生元素组成较为复杂,我国储量最大的斑岩型钼矿床产出的大多是铜钼共伴生矿床,但因铜钼自然可浮性相近等特点,其分离成为当前铜钼矿资源高效综合利用的重大挑战。在铜钼浮选分离中,铜钼分离抑制剂的应用为其高效分离提供了可能。而随着绿色环保理念的提出,人们越来越重视资源和环境的保护,这对铜钼分离抑制剂的抑制性能和绿色环保性提出了更高的要求。在此背景下,本文综述了近些年来铜钼分离抑制剂的研究进展情况,主要从黄铜矿无机抑制剂、有机抑制剂、新型抑制剂、组合抑制剂以及辉钼矿抑制剂等方面进行了阐述,并简要介绍了其作用机理及在铜钼分离生产实践中的应用,旨在为铜钼绿色高效分离药剂的研发和工业应用提供参考和借鉴。

辽宁某含金银铜硫矿选矿试验研究

辽宁某含金银铜硫矿石中主要硫化矿物为黄铁矿和黄铜矿,二者粒度粗细不均,且密切共生,金银均以微细粒为主。采用铜硫混选—混合精矿再磨—铜硫分离的试验流程进行试验,在一段磨矿细度-0.074 mm矿物含量占59.7%,再磨细度-0.074mm矿物含量占96.9%,铜硫混合浮选以碳酸钠为pH调整剂、丁基黄药为捕收剂,铜硫分离以石灰为抑制剂,乙基黄药为捕收剂。获得铜精矿铜品位为27.52%、铜回收率为83.46%,铜、硫精矿硫品位分别为38.48%和49.62%,铜、硫精矿硫回收率分别为13.89%和80.98%,硫总回收率为94.87%;铜精矿中伴生金、银回收率分别为50.70%和53.78%的效果。实现了铜硫分离与回收及伴生元素金、银的有效回收。

有机调整剂DP115添加顺序对Z-200在黄铜矿和闪锌矿表面吸附的影响

研究了有机抑制剂DP115(改性聚丙烯酰胺有机大分子)及其与Z-200不同添加顺序对黄铜矿和闪锌矿浮选行为的影响。单矿物浮选试验结果表明,当先加入有机大分子抑制剂DP115时,DP115对闪锌矿有较强的抑制作用,对黄铜矿有轻微的抑制作用;当DP115后于Z-200加入时,对黄铜矿的抑制作用减弱,而对闪锌矿的抑制作用增强。黄铜矿-闪锌矿(1∶1)的二元人工混合矿浮选分离试验结果表明,在相同的浮选条件下,与抑制剂先加相比,抑制剂DP115后于Z-200添加的浮选选择性分离指数提高10.09。人工混合矿浮选分离试验结果与单矿物浮选试验规律有很好的一致性,验证了单矿物的浮选试验结果。吸附量测定结果表明,Z-200强烈吸附在黄铜矿表面,DP115对Z-200在黄铜矿表面吸附的影响较小,而Z-200与闪锌矿表面作用相对较弱,DP115与闪锌矿表面作用较强并通过竞争吸附作用而解吸闪锌矿表面吸附的Z-200。飞行时间二次离子质谱研究表明,与DP115先加时相比,DP115后加时,黄铜矿表面吸附的DP115亲水化合物更少、Z-200更多,而闪锌矿表面吸附的DP115亲水化合物更多、Z-200更少。因此,DP115后于Z-200添加时更有利于铜锌分离。