Evaluation of proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugar content and uptake of nutrients in the German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under drought stress and organic fertilizer treatments

Objective: To investigate the effect of drought stress and organic fertilizer on German chamomile(Matricaria chamomilla) nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content and osmotic adjustment under field conditions.Methods: This experiment was carried out through a randomized complete block design with a split factorial arrangement of treatments in three replications. The main plots were subjected to the following irrigation treatments: irrigation after 60, 90, 120, 150 and180 mm evaporation from Class A pan. The sub-plots were treated with three vermicompost doses(0, 5 and 10 t/ha).Results: Although drought stress reduced the nutrient percentages in the shoots, application of vermicompost enhanced the nutrient percentages, particularly when the plants were subjected to moderate to severe drought stress conditions. Moreover, the results of this study showed that the interaction between irrigation treatments and vermicompost rates on leaf chlorophyll content was significant. Comparison between the combined treatments indicated that under normal irrigation and moderate drought stress conditions chamomile plants received 5 and 10 t/ha vermicompost showed significantly higher leaf chlorophyll content comparing to the control treatment.Conclusions: Totally, organic fertilization by vermicompost could partly alleviate the effect of drought stress on chamomile by increasing N, P and K uptake and leaf soluble sugar, especially in stressed treatments.

Nephroprotective Effect of <i>Nigella Sativa</i>and <i>Matricaria Chamomilla</i>in Cisplatin Induced Renal Injury—Supportive Treatments in Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity

Nigella sativa and Matricaria chamomilla are extensively consumed as tea or tonic. Despite their widespread use as a home remedy, relatively few trials evaluated their benefits in nephroprotection. Hence, this study evaluates the nephroprotective effects of supportive treatments (N. sativa, M. chamomilla and vitamin E) in cisplatin nephrotoxicity rat model. Eighty rats divided into 10 groups, of 8 animals each. The first group (G1) injected with saline intra-pretoneal (i.p). G2 injected with 5 mg/kg cisplatin i.p on zero day of experiment and repeated 4 times, with 5 days free interval. G3-G10 received daily supportive treatments, started 5 days before the experiment (–5day). Concomitantly G4, G6, G8 and G10 injected with 5 mg/kg cisplatin i.p like G2. On day sixteen, animal scarified, serum and/or kidney tissue were used to determine kidney function tests (serum urea, creatinine, NAG, β-gal), oxidative stress indices (NO, LPO), antioxidant activities (SOD), sulphur compounds (GGT, GSH, total thiols ), apoptotic indices (cathepsin D, DNA fragmentation), two minerals (Ca2+ and zn2+). Cisplatin caused marked elevation in serum GGT that reduced signifi-cantly in group received M. chamomilla with cisplatin (P < 0.001). There is a correlation between GGT and NAG in cisplatin group (r = 0.731 p < 0.05) that may suggest one of possible mechanisms of renal injury by cisplatin. M. chamomilla followed by N. sativa and vitamin E improved the biochemical and pathological renal injury, as determined by increasing the body weight, normalizing the kidney functions, decreasing the oxidative stress markers, improving the apoptotic markers, minimizing the pathological changes. Hence, N. sativa and M. chamomilla will be a promising nephroprotective agents for reducing cisplatin nephrotoxicity, most probably, by antioxidants effects and inhibition GGT production, respectively.

Antioxidant Activity and Flavonoid Content of Matricaria chamomilla Extracts from Different Populations of Iran

Matricaria chamomilla is a valuable medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family.Its medicinal and pharmaceutical impacts are correlated to major flavonoid compounds like apigenin.In this investigation,methanolic extracts of M.chamomilla inflorescence gathered from six natural populations were evaluated for their phytochemical content and antioxidant activity.The content of total flavonoid and phenol modified from 3.72 to 7.94 mg g-1 DW and 1.37 to 3.51 mg g-1 DW,respectively.Flavonoid compositions revealed significant differences among six populations,and the highest apigenin(1.27%(w/w))and apigenin-7-glucoside(0.86%(w/w))contents were recognized in MD populations,respectively.Both PCA and Pearson’s correlation analyses revealed total phenol,flavonoid,apigenin and apigenin-7-glucoside were negatively correlated with the IC50 of DPPH activity and EC50 of reducing power.Altitude and precipitation indicated the positive and negative effects on phytochemical contents,respectively.These results can provide a theoretical basis for getting the targeted antioxidant phytochemicals of M.chamomilla for pharmaceutical and food industries,and also give a science for selection of the best population for cell culture and secondary metabolite production in future.

Effect of Matricaria chamomilla Hydroalcoholic Extract on Cisplatin-induced Neuropathy in Mice

AIM: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a mainstay for the treatment of solid tumors, especially colorectal, ovarian, testicular, bladder, and lung cancer. Studies have shown that cisplatin could have painful effects on human and animal models. Matri-caria chamomilla (MC) has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MC hydro-alcoholic extract on cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy and to compare with morphine in mice. METHODS: Experiments were performed on 60 NMRI male mice weighed 25 g to 30 g which have been divided into 6 groups. The first group received normal saline; the second group received MC hydroalcoholic extract; the third group received cisplatin; the fourth group received MC hydroalcoholic extract and cisplatin, 96 hours before formalin test; the fifth group received morphine and the sixth group received cisplatin and mor-phine. The time of injected hind paw biting and licking time were measured in 5-minute interval for an hour. RESULTS: Results showed that formalin induced significant (P < 0.05) pain response (the first phase: 0-5 min and the second phase: 15-40 min after injection). Administration of MC extract before formalin injection showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease of pain responses in the first and second phase. Administration of cisplatin produced significant (P < 0.05) increase in pain response in both phases of formalin test. Injection of MC extract and cisplatin together have shown that MC is able to decrease the second phase of cisplatin-induced pain sig-nificantly (P < 0.05). Morphine decreased cisplatin-induced pain in the first and second phase of formalin test significantly ( P < 0.05). In comparison morphine has analgesic effects in the first phase and MC extract has anti inflammatory effects in the second phase of formalin test significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: MC and cisplatin have analgesic and painful neuropathic respective effects, and MC hydroalcoholic extract is able to decrease cisplatin-induced pain and inflammation better than morphine.

洋甘菊提取物在化妆品中的应用研究进展

洋甘菊是世界上最古老、使用最广泛、记录最充分的药用植物之一。本文对洋甘菊的活性成分、药理作用、化妆品功效、安全性研究以及应用现状及未来展望等方面进行一定的综述,重点介绍了洋甘菊提取物的功效及相关作用机理分析,以期为洋甘菊在化妆品中的综合利用及纵深发展提供参考。

青海菊科植物的三个新记录种

本文报道了三个青海省新记录种——母菊(Matricaria chamomilla)、牛膝菊(Galinsoga parviflora)和粗毛牛膝菊(Galinsoga quadriradiata)。三者均为菊科一年生草本植物,都具有药用价值,并且代表了青海省菊科的两个新分布属。其中粗毛牛膝菊是青藏高原的新记录。这三个物种在青海省的发现丰富了青海省菊科植物的多样性,增加了当地药用植物和观赏植物资源。考虑到两种牛膝菊的入侵性特点,相关部门应给予关注,必要时进行防控干预。

洋甘菊活性组分对LPS诱导人支气管上皮细胞的保护作用及机制研究

目的基于驱动蛋白家族3A基因(Kif3a)和Sonic hedgehog(SHH)信号通路探讨洋甘菊活性组分对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人支气管上皮细胞(16HBE)的保护作用及机制。方法用脂多糖诱导人支气管上皮细胞建立哮喘炎症细胞模型。CCK-8法检测不同浓度洋甘菊活性组分对脂多糖诱导人支气管上皮细胞的增殖的抑制作用,筛选出最佳洋甘菊活性组分给药浓度。将细胞分为空白对照组、脂多糖模型组、阳性药物组(1μmol·L^(-1)地塞米松干预2 h)、洋甘菊活性组分组(200μg·mL^(-1),48 h)。Annexin V/PI结合流式细胞术检测各组的凋亡率。实时荧光PCR法和Western blot法检测Kif3a、SHH、Ptch1和Gli1的mRNA和蛋白表达变化。结果脂多糖干预后,可显著降低人支气管上皮细胞活力(P<0.05),并诱导其细胞凋亡(P<0.01)。洋甘菊活性组分在浓度200μg·mL^(-1)处理48 h时,可以显著逆转脂多糖对细胞的损伤并促进增殖(P<0.01),减弱脂多糖诱导的细胞凋亡(P<0.01)。与空白对照组比较,脂多糖诱导的人支气管上皮细胞内Kif3a在mRNA水平和蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),SHH、Ptch1、Gli1在mRNA水平和蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05);与脂多糖模型组相比较,洋甘菊活性组分处理后可显著逆转mRNA水平和蛋白表达(P<0.05),增加Kif3a的mRNA水平和蛋白表达水平,并降低SHH、Ptch1、Gli1的mRNA水平和蛋白表达(P<0.05)。结论脂多糖诱导人支气管上皮细胞损伤,下调Kif3a水平从而上调SHH、Ptch1、Gli1水平,调控SHH信号通路处于异常激活状态。洋甘菊活性组分可显著逆转脂多糖诱导的细胞炎症损伤,上调Kif3a水平,下调SHH、Ptch1、Gli1水平,通过Kif3a调控SHH信号通路,对脂多糖诱导的人支气管上皮细胞发挥保护作用,改善哮喘气道炎症。

不同种植密度对大棚西洋甘菊发育及产量的影响

以西洋甘菊Matricaria chamomilla L.sm-8为试验材料,研究种植密度与大棚西洋甘菊发育和产量之间的关系。结果表明:种植密度对西洋甘菊生长和鲜花产量有显著影响,但对开花习性和干花精油含量无显著影响。随着种植密度的增加,株高呈递减规律,单位面积干物质积累量呈递增规律,鲜花产量呈先增而后降的趋势。大棚西洋甘菊sm-8在三明地区的最佳种植密度为4.76万株·hm-2,此密度下可以取得较高鲜花产量和品质,产量达4 726kg·hm-2,干花精油含量达0.400%。

洋甘菊中黄酮类成分的分离与结构确定

对洋甘菊中黄酮类活性成分进行分离纯化和结构确定。经过聚酰胺反复柱色谱进行分离、纯化,并经核磁共振确定其结构。从洋甘菊的乙醇(95%)提取物中分离得到2个黄酮类化合物,其结构被确定为芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)和木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ)。芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷和木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷很可能为洋甘菊的主要黄酮活性成分。

洋甘菊组织培养及植株再生

洋甘菊种子灭菌后,置于MS培养基上发芽形成无菌苗,发芽率可达80%。适合洋甘菊种子的灭菌的方法是:75%酒精30 s+3.5%次氯酸钠15 min+2%次氯酸钠10 min。在研究范围内,洋甘菊不定芽增殖的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L,碳源以蔗糖浓度3%最佳。适宜洋甘菊生根的最佳培养基为MS+IBA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 0.2 mg/L。

Residual dynamics of thiacloprid in medical herbs marjoram,thyme,and camomile in soil

Thiacloprid is a new insecticide of the chloronicotinyl family. To assess its risk after application, residual characteristics of thiacloprid in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil were studied under field conditions. The active ingredient was extracted from the plant material using a mixture of acetone-water. After filtration, the extract was concentrated to the aqueous phase, diluted with water, and portioned against ethyl acetate on a matrix solid phase dispersion column. Thiacloprid was extracted from soil using a mixture of methanol-water, filtered, and re.extracted （clean up） with dichloromethane. The residues were quantified using HPLC-MS-MS. The methods were validated by recovery experiments. Thiacloprid residues in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil persisted beyond 10, 14, 14, and 21 d but no residues were detected after 14, 21, 21, and 28 d, respectively. The data obtained in this study indicated that the biexponential model is more suitable than the first-order function to describe the decline of thiacloprid in fresh marjoram, fresh thyme, and dried camomile flowers with half-life （t1/2） of 1.1, 0.7, and 1.2 d, respectively. However, both the first-order function and biexponential model were found to be applicable for dissipation of thiacloprid in soil with almost the same t1/2 values of 3.5 and 3.6 d. The results indicated that thiacloprid dissipates rapidly and does not accumulate in the tested herbs and in soil.

维药洋甘菊急性毒性实验研究

目的通过小鼠灌胃进行急性毒性试验,确定洋甘菊的安全性。方法小鼠灌胃洋甘菊水提物和醇提物,测定各自半数致死量,并据此测定各自最大耐受量。结果半数致死量未测出,小鼠1 d洋甘菊水提物最大给药量为2.14 g/kg,相当于成人临床日用量的535倍。小鼠1 d洋甘菊醇提物最大给药量为1.7 g/kg,相当于成人临床日用量的425倍。结论洋甘菊毒性较低,在规定剂量下服用是安全的。

洋甘菊提取物对左旋硝基精氨酸诱导高血压大鼠血压的影响及机制研究

目的研究洋甘菊提取物对左旋硝基精氨酸(NG-Nitro-L-arginine,L-NNA)诱导高血压大鼠血压的影响及作用机制。方法给L-NNA药8周复制高血压大鼠模型,将高血压大鼠随机分为模型组、洋甘菊提取物低、中和高剂量组(62.5、125和250mg/kg)及卡托普利组(25mg/kg),正常SD大鼠作为正常对照组,每组8只。给药8周,每周测定血压。8周后,测定血清血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)、血管紧张素1-7(angiotensin-(1-7), Ang1-7)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、胱抑素C(cystatin C, CysC)和一氧化氮(nitricoxide,NO),同时HE染色观察心脏和肾脏病理组织形态学的变化。结果治疗前后对比,洋甘菊提取物中剂量组和高剂量组大鼠收缩压均呈降低趋势(P<0.05);与模型组相比,洋甘菊提取物高剂量组和卡托普利组大鼠的AngⅡ含量降低(P<0.05);SOD明显升高(P<0.01);Cys-C含量降低(P<0.05);卡托普利组大鼠的Ang1-7含量明显升高(P<0.01);各组NO含量有一些增高,但无统计学意义(P?0.05)。HE染色明显看出治疗组能够缓和心脏和肾脏的损伤现象。结论洋甘菊提取物对L-NNA诱导的高血压大鼠血压有一定的降低作用,对心、肾组织有保护作用,其降压机制可能与降低AngⅡ的含量,改善氧化应激有关。

洋甘菊挥发油应用研究

[目的]研究洋甘菊挥发油抗炎舒敏、抗氧化及防晒等作用。[方法]水蒸气蒸馏法提取德国洋甘菊挥发油,紫外分光法检测洋甘菊挥发油对DPPH、ABTS自由基的清除作用;Elson-Morgan法测定洋甘菊挥发油对透明质酸酶的抑制作用;胶带法测定洋甘菊挥发油防晒作用。[结果]洋甘菊挥发油得率为0.841%;在研究范围内,挥发油浓度为15 mg/mL时,对透明质酸酶的抑制率达到最大值(61.7%);挥发油浓度为30 mg/mL时,DPPH自由基清除率达到最大值(96.2%);挥发油浓度为150μg/mL时,ABTS自由基清除率达到最大值(94.9%)。胶带法研究挥发油防晒效果,在280~320 nm处吸光度均大于1,有一定的防晒效果。[结论]在一定浓度范围内,洋甘菊挥发油具有抗炎舒敏、抗氧化、防晒等作用。

德国洋甘菊总黄酮对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用研究

目的研究德国洋甘菊中总黄酮对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用。方法将糖尿病小鼠随机分为5组:模型组、阳性组(盐酸二甲双胍150 mg/kg)、德国洋甘菊低(78.86 mg/kg)、中(157.73 mg/kg)、高(315.46 mg/kg)剂量组。连续灌胃给药4w后,测定小鼠体重、空腹血糖、糖化血清蛋白、血清胰岛素,分别测定各组小鼠口服葡萄糖0、30、60、120 min后的血糖值,并计算曲线下面积(area underthe curve,AUC)。结果与模型组比较,德国洋甘菊总黄酮各剂量组小鼠体重均有增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);德国洋甘菊总黄酮中、高剂量组小鼠空腹血糖降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中、高剂量组小鼠糖耐量降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中、高剂量组小鼠GSP水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高剂量组小鼠胰岛素增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论德国洋甘菊总黄酮对糖尿病小鼠有一定的治疗作用。

NaCl胁迫对洋甘菊种子萌发与幼苗生长和生理指标及解剖结构的影响

对质量浓度0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%、1.2%和1.4%NaCl胁迫条件下洋甘菊(Matricaria chamomillaLinn.)种子萌发状况、幼苗生长和叶片部分生理指标的变化进行了分析,并采用石蜡切片法观察了NaCl胁迫后洋甘菊不同器官横切面解剖结构的变化。结果表明:随NaCl质量浓度提高,洋甘菊种子的相对萌发率、发芽势和萌发率均逐渐降低、相对盐害率逐渐增大;幼苗根长、株高及单株鲜质量和干质量均逐渐下降,但根长的降幅大于株高、鲜质量的降幅大于干质量;叶片中叶绿素含量呈先升高后下降的趋势,而可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量以及POD活性总体上呈逐渐增加的趋势。在NaCl胁迫条件下,种子相对萌发率、发芽势和萌发率均极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)低于对照(0.0%NaCl),且除0.2%NaCl处理组外其他处理组的相对盐害率均极显著高于对照;而在质量浓度1.4%NaCl胁迫条件下洋甘菊种子均不能正常萌发。在NaCl胁迫条件下,各处理组幼苗根长、株高以及单株鲜质量和干质量均显著或极显著低于对照,叶片可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量及POD活性均显著或极显著高于对照;除1.2%NaCl处理组外,其他处理组叶绿素含量也均极显著高于对照。在NaCl胁迫条件下,洋甘菊植株形态及不同器官横切面解剖结构发生明显变化。随NaCl质量浓度提高,洋甘菊植株表现出株高矮小且植株干硬、叶片变小且肉质化程度增大等现象。经0.6%NaCl胁迫处理12个月后,洋甘菊茎横切面皮层内厚角组织数量及薄壁组织中气隙数量增加且维管束内导管更加发达;根横切面皮层内气隙数量增多、维管柱内导管较为发达;叶片横切面叶轴薄壁组织中气隙数量增加、叶片表皮皱缩且栅栏组织层数明显增多。综合分析结果表明:洋甘菊对NaCl胁迫具有一定的耐性,但高浓度NaCl胁迫对洋甘菊种子萌发、幼苗生长及形态均有明显影响。

洋甘菊多糖中单糖组分的高效液相色谱及高效毛细管电泳测定比较

目的建立两种色谱法测定洋甘菊多糖中单糖组分的方法。方法多糖样品经酸解为单糖后,均经1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)衍生化,分别采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)测定。分别对两种方法的线性、精密度、重复性、稳定性及方法回收率进行比较。结果HPLC测定洋甘菊多糖中甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖与木糖的物质的量之比为1:1.51:2.23:3.53:6.61:2.98。HPCE测定洋甘菊多糖中甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖的物质的量之比为1:1.53:3.10:4.12:7.28:2.27:0.90。结论两种方法灵敏度均可,稳定可靠,都可作为洋甘菊多糖中单糖的含量测定方法并互为补充。

维药洋甘菊化学成分及DPPH自由基清除活性研究

为对洋甘菊(Matricaria chamomilla L.)的化学成分进行分离纯化及化合物DPPH自由基清除的活性进行考察,本实验通过正、反相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、半制备高效液相色谱,从洋甘菊中分离得到11个化合物,通过波谱方法进行鉴定结构为山萘酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、木犀草素-3′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、6-羟基木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、异槲皮苷(4)、5-羟基-4′,7-二甲基-6,8-二甲氧基黄酮(5)、槲皮素-3′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、3-羟基苯甲醇(7)、1-(4-羟基苯基)乙烷-1,2-二醇(8)、2-(3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯基)-丙烷-1,3-二醇(9)、2-(4-羟基乙基)乙醇(10)、丁香酸(11),其中化合物1~3、5、7~11为首次从该植物中分离得到,经DPPH清除自由基活性筛选发现化合物1~3、5、6有着与对照组相当的DPPH自由基清除活性。

德国洋甘菊总黄酮提取工艺研究

目的研究德国洋甘菊中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。方法采用单因素试验法,以芦丁含量为指标,综合考察乙醇浓度(30%、50%、70%、90%)、料液比(1∶4、1∶8、1∶10、1∶12)、提取时间(0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 h),对德国洋甘菊中总黄酮提取率的影响,通过正交试验和验证试验,选定最佳提取工艺。结果德国洋甘菊总黄酮最佳提取工艺为:70%乙醇,药液比1∶12,提取2 h,在此条件下德国洋甘菊总黄酮的提取率为0.648 6%。结论本提取工艺方便、快捷,总黄酮提取效率高,适用于德国洋甘菊中总黄酮的提取。

国产母菊精油的成分分析

用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对母菊(Matricaria chamomilla L.syn.M.recutita L.)中的精油成分进了分析,鉴定出24种成分;用气相色谱方法对母菊鲜花序,干花序及日内不同时间采集的样品中的精油成分进行了比较。