2003年Chandipura病毒相关的印度AndhraPradesh地区儿童高死亡率急性脑炎大暴发

Background An outbreak of acute encephalitis of unknown origin with high case fatality (183 of 329 cases) was reported in children from Andhra Pradesh state i n southern India during 2003. We investigated the causative agent. Methods Cell lines and peripheral blood lymphocyte co cultures were used to isolate the caus ative agent from clinical samples. Identity of the agent was established by elec tron microscopy and serological and molecular assays. Findings Clinical samples tested negative for IgM antibodies to Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, dengue, and measles viruses, and for RNA of coronavirus, paramyxovirus, enterovirus, and influenza viruses. Virus was isolated from six patients with encephalitis and w as identified as Chandipura virus by electron microscopy, complement fixation, a nd neutralisation tests. Chandipura virus RNA was detected in clinical samples f rom nine patients. Sequencing of five of these RNA samples showed 96 7-97 5% identity with the reference strain of 1965. Chandipura viral antigen and RNA wer e detected in brain tissue of a deceased child by immunofluorescent antibody tes t and PCR. Neutralising, IgG, and IgM antibodies to Chandipura virus were presen t in some patientsserum samples. Serum samples obtained after 4 days of illnes s were more frequently positive for IgM to Chandipura virus than were those obta ined earlier (p < 0 001). A similar trend was noted for neutralising antibodies . Interpretation Our findings suggest that this outbreak of acute encephalitis i n Andhra Pradesh was associated with Chandipura virus, adding to the evidence su ggesting that this virus should be considered as an important emerging pathogen.

2024年8月全球传染病疫情研判分析

2024年8月,全球共监测到传染病67种,涉及236个国家和地区。除流感外,涉及国家和地区数量位于前5位的传染病分别为新型冠状病毒感染(236个)、猴痘(121个)、登革热(30个)、麻疹(28个)和霍乱(21个)。病死率位于前5位的传染病分别为人感染H5N1禽流感(51.40%)、金迪普拉病毒感染(33.50%)、拉沙热(17.60%)、克里米亚–刚果出血热(8.30%)和西尼罗热(7.10%)。死亡病例数位于前5位的传染病分别为新型冠状病毒感染、登革热、猴痘、霍乱和麻疹。亚洲主要流行新型冠状病毒感染、霍乱、登革热、猴痘、克里米亚–刚果出血热和麻疹;非洲主要流行新型冠状病毒感染、霍乱、黄热病、拉沙热、猴痘、麻疹、疟疾、白喉和脊髓灰质炎;美洲主要流行新型冠状病毒感染、登革热、基孔肯雅热、奥罗普切病毒病和猴痘;欧洲主要流行新型冠状病毒感染、猴痘、麻疹和西尼罗热。