Using a program written in Excel, it was found that a supernova remnant, with a mass between 1.44 and 2 solar masses, contracts down to a neutron star. During the collapse, the decreasing gravitational potential slows...Using a program written in Excel, it was found that a supernova remnant, with a mass between 1.44 and 2 solar masses, contracts down to a neutron star. During the collapse, the decreasing gravitational potential slows time. Here, the pressure becomes high enough to stop the contraction. At greater than 2.2 solar masses, while the remnant is still contracting, the gravitational potential causes time to relatively freeze at the center, and stop the contraction before the pressure gets high enough to stop it, as it did in a neutron star. This also freezes the flow of information concerning the decrease in gravitational potential, thus, the frozen portions remain frozen and do not contract down any further and become imaginary. On top of this frozen center, additional matter physically and relatively contracts and the radius of the freeze point moves out. If the freeze made its way to the surface, it would meet the condition of a black hole, having a Schwarzschild radius;but it does not quite get there. The surface is not quite frozen. Even though these “almost black holes” do not have an event horizon, they are almost as small as that described by the Schwarzschild radius and due to the gravitational red shift, are very hard to see. A black star has been created. A contracting white dwarf at the Chandrasekhar limit (1.44 solar masses) has a density of about 1 × 109 kg/m3. After it cools and then collapses into a neutron star, it will have a minimum density of 3.5 × 1015 kg/m3 near the surface. This article explains how these two densities relate to why there are no supernova created stellar black stars above 15 solar masses and why super massive black stars start at 50,000 solar masses? Extracting limits like these cannot be accomplished using the standard black hole model, but this black star model has revealed these size limits and a lot more.展开更多
NASA网站2017年3月13日报道,利用NASA的钱德拉X射线天文台（Chandra）、原子核光谱望远镜阵列（NuSTAR）以及澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织（CSIRO）的澳大利亚望远镜紧凑型阵列（ATCA）,科学家发现一颗每小时环绕黑洞运转2周的白矮星...NASA网站2017年3月13日报道,利用NASA的钱德拉X射线天文台（Chandra）、原子核光谱望远镜阵列（NuSTAR）以及澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织（CSIRO）的澳大利亚望远镜紧凑型阵列（ATCA）,科学家发现一颗每小时环绕黑洞运转2周的白矮星,其可能是目前发现的距离黑洞最近的恒星,相关论文发表在Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society上。这个由黑洞和白矮星组成的双天体系统名为X9,展开更多
This paper shows a fairly simple method of lifting Chandra matrices to explain Goldbach conjecture,by lifting we mean to add a nature number to every element of the matrix,in this way we constructed a set of Chandra m...This paper shows a fairly simple method of lifting Chandra matrices to explain Goldbach conjecture,by lifting we mean to add a nature number to every element of the matrix,in this way we constructed a set of Chandra matrices,which are equivalent to a modulo operations for a prime check.The advantage of this method is that it offers a quick computation of large prime partition for encryption key application.In this paper,it shows that all positive even integers n≥40 can be expressed as the sum of two primes,those n<40 are trivial cases.We computed for n=40 to 400000 selectively with Matlab program.From which,we can verify that the conjecture is correct,and we can use it to construct the pseudo random key for encryption key exchanges.展开更多
In this paper,we obiain a theorem for the classification of the irreducible Harich-Chandra modules over G,Where G is a basic classical Lie superalgebra of I type. And the list of the classificatication is given for G=...In this paper,we obiain a theorem for the classification of the irreducible Harich-Chandra modules over G,Where G is a basic classical Lie superalgebra of I type. And the list of the classificatication is given for G=A(1,0).展开更多
We construct two kinds of infinite-dimensional 3-Lie algebras from a given commutative associative algebra, and show that they are all canonical Nambu 3-Lie algebras. We relate their inner derivation algebras to Witt ...We construct two kinds of infinite-dimensional 3-Lie algebras from a given commutative associative algebra, and show that they are all canonical Nambu 3-Lie algebras. We relate their inner derivation algebras to Witt algebras, and then study the regular representations of these 3-Lie algebras and the natural representations of the inner derivation algebras. In particular, for the second kind of 3-Lie algebras, we find that their regular representations are Harish-Chandra modules, and the inner derivation algebras give rise to intermediate series modules of the Witt algebras and contain the smallest full toroidal Lie algebras without center.展开更多
This paper constructs a class of Harish-Chandra modules with multiplicity≤1 of the two parameter deformation of Virasoro algebra and proves a classification theorem.
文摘Using a program written in Excel, it was found that a supernova remnant, with a mass between 1.44 and 2 solar masses, contracts down to a neutron star. During the collapse, the decreasing gravitational potential slows time. Here, the pressure becomes high enough to stop the contraction. At greater than 2.2 solar masses, while the remnant is still contracting, the gravitational potential causes time to relatively freeze at the center, and stop the contraction before the pressure gets high enough to stop it, as it did in a neutron star. This also freezes the flow of information concerning the decrease in gravitational potential, thus, the frozen portions remain frozen and do not contract down any further and become imaginary. On top of this frozen center, additional matter physically and relatively contracts and the radius of the freeze point moves out. If the freeze made its way to the surface, it would meet the condition of a black hole, having a Schwarzschild radius;but it does not quite get there. The surface is not quite frozen. Even though these “almost black holes” do not have an event horizon, they are almost as small as that described by the Schwarzschild radius and due to the gravitational red shift, are very hard to see. A black star has been created. A contracting white dwarf at the Chandrasekhar limit (1.44 solar masses) has a density of about 1 × 109 kg/m3. After it cools and then collapses into a neutron star, it will have a minimum density of 3.5 × 1015 kg/m3 near the surface. This article explains how these two densities relate to why there are no supernova created stellar black stars above 15 solar masses and why super massive black stars start at 50,000 solar masses? Extracting limits like these cannot be accomplished using the standard black hole model, but this black star model has revealed these size limits and a lot more.
文摘NASA网站2017年3月13日报道,利用NASA的钱德拉X射线天文台（Chandra）、原子核光谱望远镜阵列（NuSTAR）以及澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织（CSIRO）的澳大利亚望远镜紧凑型阵列（ATCA）,科学家发现一颗每小时环绕黑洞运转2周的白矮星,其可能是目前发现的距离黑洞最近的恒星,相关论文发表在Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society上。这个由黑洞和白矮星组成的双天体系统名为X9,
文摘This paper shows a fairly simple method of lifting Chandra matrices to explain Goldbach conjecture,by lifting we mean to add a nature number to every element of the matrix,in this way we constructed a set of Chandra matrices,which are equivalent to a modulo operations for a prime check.The advantage of this method is that it offers a quick computation of large prime partition for encryption key application.In this paper,it shows that all positive even integers n≥40 can be expressed as the sum of two primes,those n<40 are trivial cases.We computed for n=40 to 400000 selectively with Matlab program.From which,we can verify that the conjecture is correct,and we can use it to construct the pseudo random key for encryption key exchanges.
文摘In this paper,we obiain a theorem for the classification of the irreducible Harich-Chandra modules over G,Where G is a basic classical Lie superalgebra of I type. And the list of the classificatication is given for G=A(1,0).
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 11371245） and the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China （Grant No. A2014201006）.
文摘We construct two kinds of infinite-dimensional 3-Lie algebras from a given commutative associative algebra, and show that they are all canonical Nambu 3-Lie algebras. We relate their inner derivation algebras to Witt algebras, and then study the regular representations of these 3-Lie algebras and the natural representations of the inner derivation algebras. In particular, for the second kind of 3-Lie algebras, we find that their regular representations are Harish-Chandra modules, and the inner derivation algebras give rise to intermediate series modules of the Witt algebras and contain the smallest full toroidal Lie algebras without center.
基金Supported by the NSF of China (10901028,10926166)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20080440720)the Natural Science Research Projects of Jiangsu Education Committee (08KJD110001,09KJB110001)
文摘This paper constructs a class of Harish-Chandra modules with multiplicity≤1 of the two parameter deformation of Virasoro algebra and proves a classification theorem.
