Organic matter transformation ratio, hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency and shale oil enrichment type in Chang 7_(3) shale of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, NW China

The major enrichment type of shale oil in the Chang 7_(3) shale of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin is unknown.This paper analyzes the organic matter transformation ratio,hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency and roof/floor sealing conditions of the Chang 7_(3) shale,and evaluates the major enrichment type of shale oil in this interval.The average organic matter transformation ratio of the Chang 7_(3) shale is about 45%;in other words,more than 50%of the organic matters have not transformed to hydrocarbons,and the lower the maturity,the greater the proportion of untransformed organic matters.The cumulative hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of the transformed hydrocarbon is 27.5% on average,and the total proportion of untransformed organic matters plus retained hydrocarbons is greater than 70%.The relative hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of the Chang 7_(3) shale is 60%on average,that is,about 40% of hydrocarbons retain in the shale.The Chang 7_(3) shale corresponds to Chang 7_(1+2) and Chang 8 sandstones as the roof and floor,respectively,and is further overlaid by Chang 6 shale,where extensive low porosity and low permeability–tight oil reservoirs have formed in the parts with relatively good porosity and permeability.Moreover,the Chang 7_(3) shale is tested to be in a negative pressure system(the pressure coefficient of 0.80–0.85).Therefore,the roof/floor sealing conditions of the Chang 7_(3) shale are poor.The retained hydrocarbons appear mostly in absorbed status,with low mobility.It is concluded that the medium–high mature shale oil is not the major enrichment type of shale oil in the Chang 7_(3) shale,but there may be enrichment opportunity for shale oil with good mobility in the areas where the sealing conditions are good without faults and fractures and oil reservoirs are formed off Chang 7_(1+2),Chang 6 and Chang 8.Furthermore,low–medium mature shale oil is believed to have great potential and is the major enrichment type of shale oil in the Chang 7_(3) shale.It is recommended to prepare relevant in-situ conversion technologies by pilot test and figure out the resource availability and distribution.

Characteristics and exploration targets of Chang 7 shale oil in Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, NW China

The geological characteristics and enrichment laws of the shale oil in the third submember of the seventh member of Triassic Yanchang Formation(Chang 7_(3)) in the Ordos Basin were analyzed by using the information of core observations, experiments and logging, and then the exploration potential and orientation of the Chang 7_(3) shale oil were discussed. The research findings are obtained in three aspects. First, two types of shale oil, i.e. migratory-retained and retained, are recognized in Chang 7_(3). The former is slightly better than the latter in quality. The migratory-retained shale oil reservoir is featured with the frequent interbedding and overlapping of silty-sandy laminae caused by sandy debris flow and low-density turbidity current and semi-deep-deep lacustrine organic-rich shale laminae. The retained shale oil reservoir is composed of black shale with frequent occurrence of bedding and micro-laminae. Second, high-quality source rocks provide a large quantity of hydrocarbon-rich high-quality fluids with high potential energy. The source-reservoir pressure difference provides power for oil accumulation in thin interbeds of organic-poor sandstones with good seepage conditions and in felsic lamina, tuffaceous lamina and bedding fractures in shales. Hydrocarbon generation-induced fractures, bedding fractures and microfractures provide high-speed pathways for oil micro-migration. Frequent sandstone interlayers and felsic laminae provide a good space for large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation, and also effectively improve the hydrocarbon movability. Third, sand-rich areas around the depression are the main targets for exploring migratory-retained shale oil. Mature deep depression areas are the main targets for exploring retained oil with medium to high maturity. Theoretical research and field application of in-situ conversion in low-mature deep depression areas are the main technical orientations for exploring retained shale oil with low to medium maturity.

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7_(3)亚段纹层型页岩油储层孔隙结构特征与影响因素

以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7_(3)亚段纹层型页岩油储层为研究对象,综合运用TOC分析、岩石热解分析、X射线衍射分析、偏光和荧光显微镜观察、场发射扫描电镜观察和低压氮气吸附分析,对纹层型页岩的岩相类型、孔隙微观定性特征和定量结构参数,以及孔隙结构的主控因素进行了系统研究。根据沉积、地球化学和矿物组成特征和差异,长7_(3)亚段可划分出凝灰质—有机质纹层页岩、黏土质—有机质纹层页岩和长英质—黏土质纹层页岩3种岩相类型,孔隙主体分别以有机质生烃增压缝、黏土矿物—长英质晶间粒间复合孔以及长英质粒间孔缝系统为主。样品中介孔最为发育,“凝灰质—有机质”“黏土质—有机质”“长英质—黏土质”的孔隙体积和比表面积依次增加,孔隙网络非均质性和孔隙表面粗糙程度则分别呈逐渐减弱和增强的趋势。有机质孔隙整体发育有限,以有机质—黄铁矿—黏土矿物复合孔为主,是微孔的主要组成部分,与石英刚性颗粒相关的原生粒间孔缝系统是介孔和宏孔的主要组成部分,也是整个孔隙网络的主体,长石溶蚀孔发育局限,对于孔隙网络贡献较小。

鄂尔多斯盆地长7_(3)亚段页岩油可动烃资源量评价方法

鄂尔多斯盆地长7_(3)亚段发育一套富有机质泥页岩夹薄层粉—细砂岩的细粒沉积,具有整体生烃、普遍含油的特征。明确不同类型细粒沉积的含烃量、赋存状态、烃类组分等,对于该类型页岩油资源潜力分析和甜点优选具有重要意义。基于CY1井长7_(3)亚段岩心系统测试分析,运用多粒级多极性分步抽提方法,对黑色页岩、暗色泥岩、粉砂岩、细砂岩等4种细粒沉积岩石类型开展可动烃研究,评估了盆地长7_(3)亚段页岩油的可动烃资源量。结果表明,多粒级多极性分步抽提分析不同类型细粒沉积在不同粉碎条件下(1 cm^(3)、0.5 cm^(3)、150目)的含烃量及其组分,单位抽提量大小顺序为细砂岩>黑色页岩>粉砂岩>暗色泥岩,步骤1、步骤2抽提可溶有机质以轻质—中质组分为主,属于可动烃;步骤3和步骤4抽提可溶有机质为不可动烃。实验结果表明长7_(3)亚段黑色页岩、暗色泥岩、粉砂岩和细砂岩的可动烃量分别为3.35 mg/g、1.45 mg/g、3.28 mg/g和4.48 mg/g。对城80井区220 km^(2)长7_(3)亚段页岩油可动烃资源量进行评价,初步评价结果为(0.37~0.51)×10^(8) t。鄂尔多斯盆地长7_(3)亚段页岩油有利分布面积约为1.5×10^(4) km^(2)。通过类比分析,评价其可动烃资源量为(25~35)×10^(8) t,该类型页岩油有望成为盆地石油勘探新的接替领域。

鄂尔多斯盆地长7_(3)亚段深水重力流砂岩储层特征及控制因素--以华池地区CY1井为例

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7_(3)亚段泥页岩层系中发育的重力流成因的砂岩是长庆油田页岩油增储上产的潜在目标,但缺乏对长7_(3)亚段砂岩储层特征及页岩油富集控制因素的研究。基于华池地区CY1井长7_(3)亚段全取心井资料,利用X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、高压压汞及核磁共振等测试资料,结合薄片和岩心资料,深入分析了长7_(3)亚段砂岩储层的宏、微观特征,并对储集能力和含油性的控制因素进行了深入分析。结果表明:长7_(3)亚段主要发育灰色块状岩屑质长石、岩屑长石和长石岩屑粉砂岩,发育少量的细砂岩,属于典型的低孔低渗,储集层储集空间主要为粒间孔、长石溶孔、黏土矿物晶间孔、粒内溶孔和微裂缝,广泛发育的微纳米孔喉使其具有一定的储集能力;长7_(3)亚段微观孔隙结构主要分为A、B、C 3类,孔喉半径中值和微观孔喉分选系数是控制饱和度中值压力、最大进汞饱和度和退汞效率的主要参数,影响了微观尺度上页岩油的富集程度和渗流能力;长7_(3)亚段砂岩的矿物组成、粒度、微观孔隙结构共同控制着长7_(3)亚段砂质岩的储集能力,生烃增压促使长7_(3)亚段黑色页岩中的轻质烃向着与其相临的渗流能力较好的砂岩聚集,粒间孔、长石溶蚀孔及微裂缝是游离烃的主要储集空间,黏土矿物是吸附烃的主要赋存空间,在长7_(3)亚段泥页岩层系中寻找长英质矿物含量高、黏土矿物含量少、方解石胶结作用弱的砂岩是页岩油勘探开发的主要目标;以A、B类孔隙结构为代表的孔隙度大于5%、渗透率高于0.05×10^(−3)μm^(2)的砂岩是长7_(3)亚段优势储集层,C类孔隙结构代表的砂岩油气充注难度大,物性及渗流能力差,不利于页岩油的聚集和采出。

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区长7_(3)亚段泥页岩地球化学特征及页岩油地质意义

基于鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区长7_(3)亚段泥页岩岩心资料,通过有机碳、岩石热解、生物标志化合物、微量元素、有机质族组分等实验测试分析,运用多种有机地球化学参数,综合判识了研究区长7_(3)亚段泥页岩形成环境、母质类型、成熟度以及含油性。研究表明,志丹地区长7_(3)亚段泥页岩沉积环境为弱氧化-还原环境,母质具有水生生物和高等植物的混源特征;长7_(3)亚段泥页岩的TOC平均值为4.65%,生烃潜量(S_(1)+S_(2))平均值为20.86 mg/g,热解T_(max)平均值为447℃,泥页岩的成熟度较高;长7段泥页岩氯仿沥青“A”族组成中烃类组分含量高(平均为52%)、沥青质含量低(平均为3.48%)、饱/芳平均值大(为4.2);长7_(3)亚段泥页岩样品中饱和烃碳数分布在nC_(13)—nC_(33)之间,主峰碳以nC_(15)、nC_(16)为主,偏向低分子量烷烃,ΣC_(21-)/ΣC_(22+)平均值为1.34,体现出烷烃具有短链优势;长7段泥页岩沉积厚度较大、有机质含量高、含油性好,是该地区页岩油潜在的接替目标,未来具有重要的勘探意义。

鄂尔多斯盆地长7_(3)亚段泥页岩型页岩油赋存状态与有机地球化学特征

页岩油的赋存状态与有机地球化学特征对页岩油的甜点区评价与资源潜力评估具有重要意义。为明确鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长73亚段泥页岩中页岩油的赋存位置、含油量、族组分和饱和烃分布特征,选取长73亚段的泥页岩岩心样品进行多溶剂连续分级抽提、低温氮气吸附—解吸、荧光薄片鉴定、场发射扫描电镜和饱和烃气相色谱—质谱等分析。结果表明:长73亚段泥页岩型页岩油主要赋存于页理缝和有机质孔中;页岩油的含油总量大于10 mg/g,其中游离油约占50%,吸附油约占20%;游离油、吸附油含量与有机质丰度之间呈较好的正相关关系,表明有机质丰度是控制页岩油分布的主要因素;游离油含有较多的饱和烃和轻质组分,而吸附油则含有较多的非烃与沥青质等重质组分。此外,与暗色泥岩相比,黑色页岩具有广泛发育的页理缝和有机质孔,游离油含量较高,黑色页岩可能是更有利于页岩油勘探开发的岩相类型。