The origin and accumulation model of crude oils from oil reservoirs Chang 9 and Chang 10 in the Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin

In the lower parts of oil reservoirs Chang 9 and Chang 10 of the Yanchang Formation are oil-bearing layers newly found in oil exploration in the Ordos Basin.Based on GC,GC-MS analyses of saturated hydrocarbons from crude oils and source rocks,reservoir fluid inclusions and BasinMod,the origin of crude oils,accumulation period and accumulation models are discussed in combination with other petroleum geology data in this paper.The result shows that(1) there are two different types of crude oils in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Longdong and Jiyuan regions:crude oils of typeⅠ(Well D86,Well A44,Well A75,Well B227,Well X62 and Well Z150) are mainly de-rived from the Chang 7 source rocks(including mudstones and shales) and distributed in the Jiyuan and Longdong regions;those of typeⅡ(Well Z14 and Well Y427),are distributed in the Longdong region,which are derived from the Chang 9 source rocks.Crude oils from oil reservoir Chang 10 in the Shanbei region are mainly derived from the Chang-9 source rocks;(2) there are two phases of hydrocarbon filling in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Jiyuan and Longdong regions and oil reservoir Chang 10 in the Shanbei region:The first phase started at the early stage of J2z.The process of hydrocarbon filling was discontinuous in the Late Jurassic,because of the tectonic-thermal event in the Ordos Basin.The second phase was the main accumulation period,and hydrocarbons began to accumulate from the late stage of J2a to the middle-late of K1,mainly at the middle-late stage of K1;(3) there exist two types of accu-mulation models in oil reservoirs Chang 9 and Chang 10 of the Yanchang Formation:source rocks of the reservoirs in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Jiyuan region and oil reservoir Chang 10 in the Shanbei region,the mixed type of reservoirs on the lateral side of source rocks and source rocks of the reservoirs in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Long-dong region.

Vertical structure and dominating factors of sand body during Late Triassic Chang 9 time of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, NW China

Based on a synthetic geological study of drilling, well logging and core observations, two main genetic types of Chang 9sand body in Odors Basin were recognized, which included two effects, that is, delta environment and tractive current effects that lead to the development of mouth bar, distal bar, sheet sand and other sand bodies of subaerial and subaqueous distributary channel,natural levee, flood fan and delta front, and shore-shallow lake environment and lake flow transformation effects that result in the development of sandy beach bar, sheet sand and other sand bodies. Chang 9 sand body mainly developed five basic vertical structures, namely box shape, campaniform, infundibuliform, finger and dentoid. The vertical stacking patterns of multilayer sand body was complex, and the common shapes included box shape + box shape, campaniform + campaniform, campaniform + box shape, infundibuliform + infundibuliform, campaniform + infundibuliform, box shape + campaniform, box shape + infundibuliform,and finger + finger. Based on the analysis on major dominating factors of vertical structure of sand body, sedimentary environment,sedimentary facies and rise, fall and cycle of base level are identified as the major geological factors that control the vertical structure of single sand body as well as vertical stacking patterns and distribution of multistory sand bodies.

Formation patterns of Chang 9 oil reservoir in Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, NW China

Based on analysis of main controlling factors of Chang 9, the source rock, driving force of migration, migration and accumulation modes, reservoir forming stages and model and enrichment law of Chang 9 reservoir were examined. The study showed that the oil of Chang 9 reservoir in the Jiyuan and Longdong(Eastern Gansu) areas came primarily from the source rock of Chang 7 Member, but the oil of Chang 9 reservoir in the Zhidan area came primarily from the source rock of Chang 9 Member. There developed lithologic-structural oil reservoirs in Gufengzhuang-Mahuangshan area in northwest Jiyuan, structural-lithologic oil reservoirs in east Jiyuan, and lithologic reservoirs in Huachi–Qingcheng area and Zhidan area. The overpressure of Chang 7 Member was the driving force of oil migration. The burial history showed that Chang 9 Member experienced two stages of reservoir forming, the reservoir formed in the Late Jurassic was smaller in charging scope and scale, and the Early Cretaceous was the period when the source rock generated oil and gas massively and the Chang 9 reservoir came into being. Along with the tectonic movements, Chang 7 bottom structure turned from high in the west and lower in the East in the sedimentary stage to high in the east and lower in the west in the hydrocarbon accumulation stage and at last to gentle western-leaning monoclinal structure at present. In Early Cretaceous, the Chang 7 bottom structure was the lowest in the west of Huanxian-Huachi-Wuqi-Dingbian areas, so the oil migrated laterally towards the higher positions around after entering the reservoir. In the main reservoir forming period, Chang 7 bottom had an ancient anticline in Mahuangshan-Hongjingzi area of west Jiyuan, controlling the oil reservoir distribution in west Jiyuan.

Main Controlling Factors and Accumulation Model of Chang 9 Reservoir in Northwest Ordos Basin, China

In northwestern Ordos Basin, the Triassic reservoir Chang 9 has favorable reservoir forming conditions, extensive reservoir development, and huge potential for oil exploration and exploitation. Studying the main controlling factors and accumulation model of Chang 9 reservoir in this area can provide a basis for the production targets, and assist in formulating reasonable development technology policy. In this paper, to explore and summarize the hydrocarbon accumulation model, the Chang 9 reservoir were analyzed from the aspects of oil source, fracture, oil migration, structure, lithology and reservoir physical properties for the main controlling factors in this area. Organic geochemical and geological comprehensive analysis that the oil-source of the Chang 9 reservoir in the northwest of Ordos Basin is derived from Chang 7 hydrocarbon source rocks. The fractures provide a sound channel for the "vertical multi-point filling" of the oil source from Chang 7 to Chang 9. The crude oil migrates vertically from Chang 7 to Chang 9, then expands horizontally to form a reservoir. Structures play an important role in controlling the distribution of reservoirs, the control by sand in small layer and physical property is also obvious. This paper creatively establishes the reservoir accumulation model of Chang 9 in northwest of Ordos Basin, which is characterized by Vertical multi-point filling, horizontal expansion becomes oil pool. It reveals the genetic mechanism of the development of Chang 9 multi-reservoir in the study area, which provides guidance for exploration and evaluation deployment.

鄂尔多斯盆地长9页岩烃源岩的元素组成及其古沉积环境

针对鄂尔多斯盆地长9页岩元素特征的研究相对薄弱,对其沉积环境缺乏全面揭示。本研究基于能量色散X射线荧光技术,采用优化的能量配置方法进行高精度的元素组成刻画,使得元素的有效识别数量达到29个。依据长9页岩的元素组成特征,对沉积时期的古气候、古盐度、古氧化还原状态、古生产力、古水体封闭性、物源输入等沉积环境条件进行了系统化剖析。研究结果表明,长9页岩的11个主量元素,其元素平均含量达到38341.54μg/g;18个微量元素,其元素平均含量为160.12μg/g。主量元素中,Si、Al、Fe、Ca和K的含量最高;微量元素中,Ba、Rb、Sr和Zr 4种元素的含量最高。长9页岩的微量元素中,V、Cu、Th、Rb、Zr、Nb表现为相对亏损,Co、Ni、Zn、Ga、Pb、U、Y、Cr表现为微弱富集,Ba、Sr、Mo表现为一般富集,As表现为非常富集。长9页岩的沉积环境为气候偏湿润,水体为相对贫氧-弱氧的淡水水体,水体封闭性为中等封闭-弱封闭,陆源物质供给稳定和单一,初级生产力较强。

Attaching Importance to Post-9/11 Environmental Changes

Security environment is both an objective reality and a subjective consciousness. Here so-called "objective reality" mainly refers to the inherent law of the changes in international security situation. To a great extent, the subjective consciousness of the objective reality depends on the position and strategic choices of a nation in the international

Co-seismic strain changes of Wenchuan Mw7.9 earthquake recorded by borehole strainmeters on Tibetan plateau

Co-seismic strain changes of the Wenchuan MwT. 9 earthquake recorded with three four-component borehole strainmeters showed NW-SE and roughly EW extensions, respectively, at two locations in the interior and northern part of Tibetan plateau, and NS shortening at a location south of the epicenter, in agreement with the tectonic stress field of this region retical values obtained with half-space effects, such as local crustal structure The observed values of as much as 10-7 are, however, larger than theo- and spherical-earth dislocation theories, implying the existence of other and initial stress.

鄂尔多斯盆地长9油层组石油运聚规律研究

鄂尔多斯盆地长9油层组是一个新发现的含油层。迄今为止,有关长9油层组石油运聚成藏机理尚不清楚,特别是对石油运聚规律缺乏认识。该问题的解决会进一步完善鄂尔多斯盆地中生界延长组石油成藏理论;同时,对长9油层组石油勘探开发具有重要的指导作用。我们对长9油层组石油来源、油气输导体系、油气运移路径和油气运移动力等油气运聚条件特征及其不同地区差异进行了研究,结果表明,长9油层组原油主要来自长7烃源岩,只有在志丹局部地区来自长7和长9烃源岩;长9油层组石油的纵向运移路径是由上向下运移;孔隙型输导体和断层、构造裂隙输导体是长9油层组石油运移的主要输导体;盆地长7油层组普遍存在高过剩压力带,长7与长9油层组之间存在较大的流体压力差,因此长7油层组生成的油气在高过剩压力驱动下可以向下运移,进入储层物性相对好的长9砂体聚集成藏。同时,建立了3种长9油层组油气运聚模式,讨论了长9油层组油气运聚机理。

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长9油层组成藏地质条件

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地长9油层组成藏地质条件的分析,认为长9油藏的油源主要来自于上覆长7油层组和其本身两套烃源岩,但志丹地区长9油藏原油来源于长9烃源岩,无长7烃源岩的混入。长9油层组含油段主要集中在长91亚段,储集体主要发育于辫状河三角洲平原相分流河道砂体及三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体,部分为半深湖亚相浊积岩砂体。长9储层的岩石类型主要为岩屑长石砂岩,以粒间孔为主,孔隙度、渗透率总体较低。平面上储层物性分布差异性较大,姬塬地区砂岩粒度粗,粒间孔发育,物性最好;而发育碳酸盐胶结物的洛川地区孔隙不发育,物性最差。根据源-储关系,长9油层组主要发育上生下储、自生自储两种成藏组合类型。据综合分析,姬塬地区成藏条件较好,为下一步勘探的最有利区。

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长9油层组沉积相及其演化

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长9油层组发育三角洲—湖泊沉积相,三角洲平原分流河道砂体和三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体是最有利的储集砂体。在沉积相研究的基础上,根据单因素分析多因素综合作图法,选取了地层厚度、较深水沉积岩含量、砂岩厚度、砂地比、自生绿泥石分布、古生物化石分布和沉积构造分布等单因素,对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长9油层组上下2段的沉积相平面展布特征进行了深入研究,并探讨了其演化规律。研究表明,鄂尔多斯盆地以发育多水系、多物源注入的环湖分布的多个三角洲为特色,东北部地区主要发育曲流河三角洲,西部发育辫状河三角洲,其中以三角洲平原分流河道和三角洲前缘水下分流河道微相较为发育。长92沉积期,半深湖沉积在盆地内较为局限,长91沉积期湖盆初始扩张达到最大范围,湖岸线向陆推移,湖域面积扩大,半深湖沉积较发育。由长92沉积期到长91沉积期,鄂尔多斯盆地沉积水体经历了由浅变深的过程,由此在长92的顶部沉积了一套具有生烃潜力的油页岩。

姬塬地区长9油层组油气运移规律及模式探讨

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长9油层组展示了较好的勘探前景,但对其成藏机制方面的研究却相对薄弱,成为制约勘探的难题。该文应用油藏地球化学、成藏地质学和沉积学等研究手段和方法,探讨了油气来源、运移、运移动力、运聚方式等问题。结果表明:姬塬地区长9油层组原油来源于上部长7油层组的优质烃源岩;长7烃源岩生烃增压产生的异常高压、长7与长9油层组过剩压力差是长7烃类向长9储层运移的主要动力;纵向叠置、横向上连片的砂体和区域性构造活动形成的裂缝为沟通长7优质烃源岩和长9油层组储层的优势运移通道。

鄂尔多斯盆地古峰庄—王洼子地区长9油层组流体过剩压力与油气运移研究

近几年,在鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统长9油层组中不断有新的油气发现,因而对长9油层组石油运移的认识对进一步的勘探开发愈发重要。本文通过对古峰庄-王洼子地区延长组长7—长9油层组流体过剩压力的计算,并结合地球化学特征分析,对该地区长9油藏形成时的油气运移的动力特征进行了研究。结果表明,古峰庄—王洼子地区延长组长9油层组石油和长7油层组烃源岩具有相似的地球化学特征,长9原油可能主要来自于其上部长7油层组源岩。长7油层组源岩层具有远远大于长9油层的过剩压力分布,二者之间具有14MPa以上过剩压力差值,成为长7油气向长9油层组储层运移的主要动力。

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长9油层组古盐度特征及其地质意义

利用黏土矿物X衍射分析和微量元素分析结果,采用Couch公式和Adams公式对鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长9油层组沉积期湖盆古盐度进行恢复,确定由于受到成岩作用影响,由Couch公式计算出的古盐度值比实际值低,而由Adams公式计算结果反映的水体古盐度性质更可靠。研究表明:①鄂尔多斯盆地长9油层组沉积期湖盆水体具微咸水—半咸水性质,盐度从北东、北西及西南3个方向往湖盆中央呈逐渐升高,晚期的盐度低于早期盐度,反映湖平面上升的湖进过程。盐度高值区为相对闭塞的湖湾和湖盆中心的半深湖区。平面上,古盐度向河流入注湖盆的河口方向降低。由古盐度变化为古地理恢复提供了依据;②湖泊水体盐度与储层关系密切,较高盐度的水体有利于早成岩阶段绿泥石环边胶结和浊沸石的形成,前者有利于原生粒间孔隙的保存,后者更容易被溶蚀而形成丰富的次生溶孔。

鄂尔多斯盆地胡尖山地区长9—长8油层组物源及沉积体系分析

为了查明鄂尔多斯盆地胡尖山地区上三叠统延长组长9—长8油层组沉积体系的分布格局,利用砂岩岩石学特征,轻、重矿物组合特征,砂分散体系制图,沉积构造特征等对研究区物源方向、母岩类型及沉积微相进行研究.结果表明,研究区主体受到东北物源的影响,但长8段研究区西部小范围受到西北物源影响,2个方向的物源在王盘山以东地区发生了交汇.其母岩为盆地北部阴山、大青山的变质岩、花岗岩以及阿拉善古陆的变质岩.胡尖山地区长9—长8油层组发育曲流河三角洲相沉积,北部为三角洲平原亚相,向南过渡为三角洲前缘亚相.可以识别出北东-南西向安边曲流河三角洲沉积体系及北西向盐池-定边曲流河三角洲沉积体系.

鄂尔多斯盆地长9油层组流体包裹体特征与油气成藏期次分析

采用显微荧光技术以及流体包裹体显微测温技术,结合鄂尔多斯盆地长9段储层油气埋藏史及地热史演化过程模拟,确定了该区油气运移的主要期次。系统分析表明,鄂尔多斯盆地长9油层组油气主要经历了一期油气充注,只有峰2井存在较弱的二期油气充注;该油层组构造热事件主要发生在中生代晚期的早、中白垩世（130-100 Ma）。

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长9砂体的垂向结构及主控因素分析

近年来随着对鄂尔多斯盆地油气地质条件的重新认识,在上三叠统延长组下部的长9油层组中获得了新发现、新突破,该油层组成为油气勘探重要的战略接替层系。通过露头剖面、钻井、岩芯、测井及分析化验等资料的综合研究,结合沉积古地理背景分析,以沉积特征和指相标志的识别为依据,认为盆地内长9砂体的成因类型主要包括三角洲环境与牵引流作用有关的陆上与水下的分流河道、天然堤、决口扇、三角洲前缘的河口坝、远砂坝、席状砂等砂体,滨浅湖环境与湖浪和湖流改造作用有关的砂质滩坝、席状砂等砂体。根据岩芯剖面精细描述及沉积微相分析,结合测井曲线解释,指出长9单砂体主要发育B、C、I、F、D五种基本垂向结构类型,多层砂体的垂向叠加样式复杂多变,常见的有BB、CC、CB、II、CI、BC、BI、FF等类型。砂体垂向结构的主控因素分析表明,沉积环境、沉积相以及基准面升降旋回是控制单砂体垂向结构、多层砂体垂向叠加样式及分布的主要地质因素。

鄂尔多斯盆地杏子川油田长9烃源岩特征及油气勘探意义

应用岩石热解、干酪根镜检、同位素、气相色谱及色谱-质谱等分析方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地杏子川油田延长组长9暗色泥岩有机地球化学特征及油气勘探意义进行研究。结果表明:杏子川油田延长组长9烃源岩主要为长91段顶部的李家畔页岩,长92暗色泥岩地球化学特征表明其为非油源岩;长9烃源岩主要由粉砂质或含粉砂泥岩组成,并非真正意义上的黏土岩;有机碳质量分数平均为3.05%,干酪根类型主要为Ⅱ1型,最高热解峰温平均为450℃,反映烃源岩达到好的级别,处于成熟演化阶段;烃源岩母质类型主要以低等水生生物和高等植物共同输入为特征,湖盆水体环境总体以淡水还原条件为主;长9烃源岩具有较好的生烃条件,以生油为主,烃源岩厚度大于10 m地区为长8～长10油藏有利勘探区。

陇东地区长9油层组浅水三角洲沉积特征及成藏条件研究

根据岩心中沉积构造的特征及其分布规律,认为鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长9油层组为典型的浅水三角洲沉积,其湖平面频繁的升降导致湖岸线在研究区内大幅度的往复摆动。由于湖泊水体较浅,湖平面的变化引起湖域间歇性的频繁暴露和淹没,有利于陆生植物的繁衍而不利于优质烃源岩的发育,其油源主要来自邻近长7、长8油层组烃源岩。湖平面上升期砂体叠置呈连片的板状,主要发育岩性-构造复合型油藏;湖平面下降期砂体多呈孤立的长条状,有利于岩性油藏的发育。

鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区长9储层微观孔隙结构特征

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