Enhanced properties of stone coal-based composite phase change materials for thermal energy storage

Phase change materials (PCMs) can be incorporated with low-cost minerals to synthesize composites for thermal energy storage in building applications.Stone coal (SC) after vanadium extraction treatment shows potential for secondary utilization in composite preparation.We prepared SC-based composite PCMs with SC as a matrix,stearic acid (SA) as a PCM,and expanded graphite (EG) as an additive.The combined roasting and acid leaching treatment of raw SC was conducted to understand the effect of vanadium extraction on promoting loading capacity.Results showed that the combined treatment of roasting at 900℃ and leaching increased the SC loading of the composite by 6.2%by improving the specific surface area.The loading capacity and thermal conductivity of the composite obviously increased by 127%and 48.19%,respectively,due to the contribution of 3wt% EG.These data were supported by the high load of 66.69%and thermal conductivity of 0.59 W·m^(-1)·K-1of the designed composite.The obtained composite exhibited a phase change temperature of 52.17℃,melting latent heat of 121.5 J·g^(-1),and good chemical compatibility.The SC-based composite has prospects in building applications exploiting the secondary utilization of minerals.

Glacier area change and its impact on runoff in the Manas River Basin,Northwest China from 2000 to 2020

Understanding the distribution and dynamics of glaciers is of great significance to the management and allocation of regional water resources and socio-economic development in arid regions of Northwest China.In this study,based on 36 Landsat images,we extracted the glacier boundaries in the Manas River Basin,Northwest China from 2000 to 2020 using eCognition combined with band operation,GIS(geographic information system)spatial overlay techniques,and manual visual interpretation.We further analyzed the distribution and variation characteristics of glacier area,and simulated glacial runoff using a distributed degree-day model to explore the regulation of runoff recharge.The results showed that glacier area in the Manas River Basin as a whole showed a downward trend over the past 21 a,with a decrease of 10.86%and an average change rate of–0.54%/a.With the increase in glacier scale,the number of smaller glaciers decreased exponentially,and the number and area of larger glaciers were relatively stable.Glacier area showed a normal distribution trend of increasing first and then decreasing with elevation.About 97.92%of glaciers were distributed at 3700–4800 m,and 48.11%of glaciers were observed on the northern and northeastern slopes.The retreat rate of glaciers was the fastest(68.82%)at elevations below 3800 m.There was a clear rise in elevation at the end of glaciers.Glaciers at different slope directions showed a rapid melting trend from the western slope to the southern slope then to the northern slope.Glacial runoff in the basin showed a fluctuating upward trend in the past 21 a,with an increase rate of 0.03×10^(8) m^(3)/a.The average annual glacial runoff was 4.80×10^(8) m^(3),of which 33.31%was distributed in the ablation season(June–September).The average annual contribution rate of glacial meltwater to river runoff was 35.40%,and glacial runoff accounted for 45.37%of the total runoff during the ablation season.In addition,precipitation and glacial runoff had complementary regulation patterns for river runoff.The findings can provide a scientific basis for water resource management in the Manas River Basin and other similar arid inland river basins.

RS and GIS-based Analysis on Dynamic Changes of Landscape Pattern on Urban-rural Fringe——A Case Study of Licheng District, Jinan City of China

By using GIS, RS and landscape ecology, LandsatTM (1993 and 2009) and ETM (2001) remote sensing images of Licheng District of Ji’nan City, Shandong Province were interpreted, and dynamic changes of landscape pattern in the district were analyzed at the levels of class and landscape. The results showed that during the 16 years the landscape pattern in the district had changed significantly. (a) From the perspective of patch category, areas of arable land, woodland and grassland decreased unceasingly, and arable land accounted for the largest reduction from 488.15 km 2 in 1993 down to 324.37 km 2 in 2009, witnessing a reduction rate of 33.56%. But the patch quantity and fragmentation increased, patch connectivity reduced. Spatial pattern of construction land expanded and its area witnessed a significant increase of 147.05%. Patch cohesion index increased and connectivity grew better. (b) From the perspective of overall landscape, patch quantity, contagion and perimeter-area fractal dimension decreased, patch shape became simple, the Shannon’s diversity index, Shannon’s evenness index and splitting index increased, landscape heterogeneity rose. With the rapid social and economic development, landscape pattern will be more and more influenced by human behaviors

The Influence of Extractable Organic Matter on Pore Development in the Late Triassic Chang 7 Lacustrine Shales, Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China

To investigate the influence of extractable organic matter （EOM） on pore evolution of lacustrine shales, Soxhlet extraction, using dichloromethane, was performed on a series of Chang 7 shale samples （Ordos Basin, China） with vitrinite reflectance of 0.64% to 1.34%. Low-pressure gas adsorption experiments were conducted on the samples before and after extraction. The pore structure parameters were calculated from the gas adsorption data. The results show complex changes to the pore volumes and surface areas after extraction. The pore development of both the initial and extracted samples is strongly controlled by total organic carbon （TOC） content. Micropores developed mainly in organic matter （OM）, while mesopores and macropores predominantly developed in fractions other than OM. The influence of EOM on micropores is stronger than on mesopores and macropores. Organic solvents with a higher boiling point should be used to explore the effect of EOM on pore structure in the future.

Epigallocatechin gallate content change of the fresh tea leaf homogenates extracted by different methods in extraction and preservation

The fresh leaves of China green tea, Camellia sinensis, were collected from Fuyang, Zhejiang Province, China, in April. The tea polyphenols was extracted by four different methods （homogenized with distilled water at room temperature, homogenized with 0.3% citric acid （w/v） at room temperature, 5- min boiling and homogenized with distilled water at room temperature, homogenized with 85℃ distilled water）, and after preserving at room temperature, the change of the Epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG） contents of the extracts was investigated. Results indicated that the EGCG content of homogenate extracted with 85℃ distilled water was the highest before the extract was preserved, followed by that of the extract homogenized with 0.3% citric acid at room temperature. During preservation, EGCG content changed obviously. The EGCG contents of homogenates extracted with distilled water at room temperature and 85℃ distilled water declined quickly and separately reduced to 21.52% and 54.6% of their initial contents after preservation for 12 h. The EGCG contents extracted by 0.3% citric acid （w/v） solvent at room temperature and 5- min boiling/homogenized with distilled water at room temperature declined relatively slowly ,and separately reduced to 76.9% and 85.16% of their initial contents after preservation for 12 h. It was also found that the citric acid can prevent the degradation of EGCG and the extract solution color is light green

THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF EXTRACT OF CAMELLIA SINENSIS AND EXTRACT OF CAMELLIA PTILOPHYLLA CHANG ON DNA POLYMERASE OF EHRLICH ASCITES CARCINOMA CELLS

Objective: To detect the effect of extract of Camellia Sinensis (ECS) and extract of Camellia Ptilophylla Chang (ECPC) on DNA polymerase (Pol) of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells Methods: Referring to the method of K Ono, Pol was extracted from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in mice Pol α, β, and γ were separated by phosphocellulose column chromatography and were identified The effect of ECPC and ECS on Pol was studied Results: ECPC and ECS were shown to inhibit the activity of Pol α, β, and γ IC 50 values of ECS on Pol α , β, and γ were 10 2μg/ml, 9 9μg/ml and 28 9μg/ml respectively IC 50 values of ECPC on Pol α, Pol β and Pol γ were 5 6μg/ml, 15μg/ml and 14 7μg/ml respectively The modes of inhibition of ECPC on Pol α, Pol β and Pol γ were noncompetitive with respect to template DNA The Ki values of ECPC on Pol α , β, and γ were 2 68±0 12μg/ml, 2 24±0 12μg/ml , 2 56±0 18μg/ml Conclusion: ECPC and ECS were shown to have inhibitory effect on DNA polymerase of tumor cells The mode of inhibition of ECPC on Pol α, Pol β and Pol γ were noncompetitive with respect to template DNA

Subsidence associated with land use changes in urban aquifers with intensive extraction

Land use change is a major factor in alterations in natural processes and cycles. Remote sensing has become an excellent tool to evaluate technological changes in land cover and land use changes over large areas, such as those occurring in the Valley of San Luis Potosi (VSLP). Here, such changes have impacted a system which is 95% dependent on the aquifer. The methodology for the present study is based on the use of satellite images for the years 1976, 1986, 1995 and 2000. To asses land use change, a supervised classification process was used with a decision tree technique and ENVI 4.3 software. The evolution of groundwater levels for the years 1977, 1986, 1995, 1998 and 2007 was also analyzed, as well as problems of subsidence and fissuring in the urban area of the valley in 2006. With the support of remote sensing, it was possible to analyze the dynamic changes in land use over large areas and highlight their impact on the environment.

Temporal and spatial pattern of land use change in Ji’nan since the late 1980s

Taking Ji’nan as a case study area,this paper aims to analyze the land use changes from late 1980s to 2010 by using remote sensing data.The geographic information systems(GIS)method and land use transfer matrix methods were used to calculate the temporal and spatial differences of land use change.From the analysis of the land use transfer matrix,the most significant change is the cultivated land being transferred to construction land.From late 1980s to 2010,a total of 20615 hectares of cultivated land had been converted to construction land,accounting for 11.04%of the cultivated land in all.Through the analysis of the factors of land use transition,the human dimensions that had influenced the land use changes were population factor and economy factor.

基于驾驶场景与决策规则的智能汽车换道决策

复杂交通环境中,换道决策直接影响智能汽车自主换道效果,然而在换道决策过程中依旧存在着预测正确率低以及决策安全的问题。因此,针对这一问题,提出了基于驾驶场景和决策规则的换道决策模型。考虑换道后的交通行驶状况对换道决策的影响,引入换道后的期望速度和换道前后与前车的距离作为新的特征变量,基于特征变量与换道决策的相关性建立了换道决策规则。建立了模拟真实驾驶环境的换道场景数据集,扩充了NGSIM换道场景数据集,并对其进行了有效性验证。针对换道决策的多参数和非线性问题,提出了基于贝叶斯优化核函数的支持向量机模型,在换道场景数据集上进行测试验证。结果表明:新引入的决策特征变量对换道行为有积极作用,换道场景数据集能够模拟真实的换道场景,可进一步应用到换道决策和轨迹规划的研究中,支持向量机模型对换道行为的预测正确率达95.40%,高于其他机器学习分类器,提高了换道行为的安全性。

结合Swin Transformer的多尺度遥感图像变化检测研究

由于地物信息的复杂性及变化检测数据的多元性,遥感图像特征提取的充分性和有效性难以得到保证,导致变化检测方法获取的检测结果可靠性较低。虽然卷积神经网络(CNN)凭借有效提取语义特征的优势,被广泛应用于遥感领域的变化检测之中,但卷积操作固有的局部性导致感受野受限,无法捕获时空上的全局信息以至于特征空间对中远距离依赖关系的建模受限。为捕获远距离的语义依赖,提取深层全局语义特征,设计了一种基于Swin Transformer的多尺度特征融合网络SwinChangeNet。首先,SwinChangeNet采用孪生的多级Swin Transformer特征编码器进行远距离上下文建模;其次,编码器中引入特征差异提取模块,计算不同尺度下变化前后的多级特征差异,再通过自适应融合层将多尺度特征图进行融合;最后,引入残差连接和通道注意力机制对融合后的特征信息进行解码,从而生成完整准确的变化图。在CDD和CD_Data_GZ 2个公开数据集上分别与7种经典和前沿变化检测方法进行比较,CDD数据集中本文模型的性能最优,相比于性能第二的模型,F1分数提高了1.11%,精确率提高了2.38%。CD_Data_GZ数据集中本文模型的性能最优,相比于性能第二的模型,F1分数、精确率和召回率分别提高了4.78%,4.32%,4.09%,提升幅度较大。对比实验结果证明了该模型具有更好的检测效果。在消融实验中也证实了模型中各个改进模块的稳定性和有效性。本文模型针对遥感图像变化检测任务,引入了Swin Transformer结构,使网络可以对遥感图像的局部特征和全局特征进行更有效地编码,让检测结果更加准确,同时保证网络在地物要素种类繁多的数据集上容易收敛。

基于GEE的白洋淀水体生态补水后时空格局变化分析

生态补水是白洋淀生态环境治理的一项重要举措,根据生态补水机制的变化过程,将白洋淀的生态补水过程分为临时补水阶段、应急补水阶段和稳定补水阶段。为进行各生态补水阶段下白洋淀水体的时空格局变化分析,通过GEE对白洋淀在1990-2022年的701幅遥感影像进行水体和冰体提取,分析不同阶段下水体时空变化格局,以及专门分析了冬季结冰期的冰体面积变化。主要得出以下结论:①在各个生态补水阶段,白洋淀水体面积均呈现在夏季最小,冬春季最大的特点,而随着生态补水机制的不断完善,白洋淀水体面积变化幅度逐渐减小,呈现“削峰补低”的变化规律,其中临时补水阶段的逐月平均水体面积介于0.63~186.03 km^(2),稳定补水阶段的逐月平均水体面积介于17.88~109.15 km^(2),变化幅度减小了50.77%;②生态补水机制的完善让白洋淀呈现永久性水体大幅增加,间歇性水体大幅减小的变化规律,其中临时补水阶段永久性水体面积为7.66 km^(2),而稳定补水阶段的永久性水体面积为23.62 km^(2),增加了208.16%,间歇性水体面积则从263.50 km^(2)减少到143.58 km^(2),减小了45.51%;③从冰体面积变化角度分析,随着生态补水机制的不断完善,白洋淀的冰体面积不断减小,其中一月份的平均冰体面积从72.77 km^(2)减小到12.60 km^(2),减小了82.69%。结果表明:生态补水机制的完善并没有导致白洋淀水体面积不断增加,而是使白洋淀的水体环境更加破碎化;在全球变暖以及其他因素的影响下,白洋淀的冰体面积大幅减小;这种趋于破碎化、板块化的水域特征可能不利于生物多样性的保护,但鉴于生态系统对于水文响应具有滞后性,今后需进一步加强生态水文响应过程监测和研究。

具有自萃取功能的相变CO_(2)吸收剂体系开发

二氧化碳(CO_(2))捕集工程应用的吸收剂存在再生能耗高、传质速率低、运行损耗大等问题,严重制约了CO_(2)捕集技术的大规模推广应用。为解决这些问题,该文开发适用于低分压CO_(2)捕集的相变吸收剂。该相变吸收体系以亲水性胺N-氨乙基哌嗪(N-aminoethyl piperazine,AEP)为主吸收体系,添加亲脂性分相剂二正丁胺(Di-n-butylamine,DPA)和活化剂(activator,ACT)。通过核磁共振波谱(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)和捕集CO_(2)连续测试实验研究该相变吸收剂的性能。实验结果表明,吸收负载达1.082 mol CO_(2)/mol溶液,再生温度降至98.5℃,具有优异的吸收性能和解吸性能。NMR分析表明,反应产物具有氨基甲酸盐分子结构,捕集CO_(2)连续测试实验研究与同浓度3 mol/L一乙醇胺(Monoethanolamine,MEA)溶液进行对比分析可知,相同再生能耗下,单位体积同浓度相变体系相比MEA吸收容量提高33%以上;相同再生能耗下相变体系的再生率比MEA提高15%,相同再生率下相变体系的再生能耗比MEA降低31%以上。结果表明,该相变吸收剂对于低分压CO_(2)捕集具有良好的应用前景。

银杏叶提取物及其黄酮类单体对ChangLiver细胞中CYP3A4和CYP2C9的影响

目的研究银杏叶提取物(GBE)及其黄酮类单体槲皮素和山柰酚对Chang Liver细胞CYP3A4、CYP2C9表达的影响。方法 CCK-8法检测GBE、槲皮素、山柰酚对Chang Liver细胞增殖的抑制作用;RT-PCR方法检测其不同浓度对Chang Liver细胞中CYP3A4 mRNA、CYP2C9 mRNA表达的影响;Western blot方法测定CYP3A4、CYP2C9蛋白表达的相对含量。结果 GBE呈浓度依赖性地诱导CYP3A4 mRNA和蛋白的表达,对CYP2C9mRNA和蛋白的表达没有显著作用;槲皮素对CYP3A4 mRNA和蛋白的表达有较明显的诱导作用,呈浓度依赖性地抑制CYP2C9 mRNA和蛋白的表达;山柰酚呈浓度依赖性地抑制细胞中CYP3A4 mRNA和蛋白的表达,对CYP2C9 mRNA和蛋白的表达没有显著影响。结论 GBE、槲皮素、山柰酚对Chang Liver细胞中CYP3A4、CYP2C9的表达具有不同的影响作用,这些结果为GBE与其他药物相互作用提供理论基础,提高联合用药的有效性及安全性,为黄酮类单体新药开发提供参考信息和理论依据。

黄河三角洲海岸线提取及其近期时空变化格局

新入海水沙情势下,黄河三角洲海岸线变迁也相应呈现出新的特征。考虑不同潮位、水体计算指数、涨落潮阶段对海岸线提取效果的影响,利用ArcGIS、ENVI提取了黄河三角洲海岸线,并借助DSAS数字化海岸线分析系统,定量分析了1976-2020年黄河口海岸线变迁特征。研究发现,选择潮位相近、同处落潮阶段且成像质量较好的遥感图,并采用改进的归一化差异水体指数MNDWI计算,黄河三角洲海岸线的提取效果较好。黄河三角洲海岸线变化表现出明显的时空性,神仙沟-刁口河叶瓣1976年以来海岸线基本处于蚀退状态;东营港至孤东油田海岸线自1990年在人工海堤的防护下维持稳定;入海口附近海岸线的蚀退和淤进与陆向来沙量直接相关,陆向来沙充足时呈淤进趋势,反之则冲蚀后退,同时其也受河口改道、海洋动力等其他因素影响。研究可为未来黄河口综合治理规划提供一定参考。

熔体纺丝纤维的磁热性能与磁制冷应用研究进展

本文对熔体纺丝合金纤维的磁热性能和磁制冷应用的研究进展进行了综述,总结了不同种类具有磁热性能的合金纤维在磁场驱动下能够产生的磁熵变最大值、半高宽和磁制冷能力。概述了熔体纺丝法的基本原理和操作过程,以及小尺寸纤维形态在实际磁制冷机中的应用优势,并重点介绍了将合金制备成纤维形态能够解决大块合金中存在的相关问题,描述了不同种合金纤维产生磁热效应的原理,阐明了纤维相变特征对制冷温度区间、磁熵变及磁热效应的影响机制,最后总结了合金纤维在活性蓄热器中的制冷功率和性能系数的研究情况,简述了将小尺寸合金纤维大批量应用于实际磁制冷装置以解决该类装置制冷效率低、制冷功率小的可行性。

普洱茶中儿茶素研究进展

儿茶素是茶叶中多酚类化合物的主体成分,占干茶含量的12%~24%,具有清除自由基、抗衰老、抗辐射、减肥、降血脂、防癌等活性功能。普洱茶因特殊的品种和加工工艺,所含有的儿茶素含量均高于其他茶树品种,在营养价值和保健方面表现出优异的功效。对普洱茶儿茶素种类、提取测定方法、含量变化和功效研究等方面进行综述,以期为普洱茶中儿茶素功能产品进一步开发利用研究提供参考。

SMILE术后主导眼转变及对视觉质量的影响

目的:分析SMILE术后主导眼的转变情况及对视觉质量的影响。方法:前瞻性临床研究。选取2022-06/12在新疆医科大学第一附属医院行SMILE术矫正近视的患者140例280眼,根据术后3 mo内随访时卡洞法检查主导眼别转变情况分为转变组(46例92眼)和非转变组(94例188眼)。术前、术后1、3 mo,评估两组患者的裸眼视力(UCVA),采用屈光矫正者生活质量(QIRC)量表评估主观视觉质量,并检测全眼高阶像差评价客观视觉质量。结果:纳入患者SMILE术前主导眼为右眼105例,左眼35例,术后1 mo 46例患者主导眼发生转变,术后3 mo较术后1 mo无新发主导眼转变。术前、术后1、3 mo,转变组和非转变组患者UCVA、QIRC量表评分均无差异(P>0.05)。两组患者主导眼比较,术后3 mo转变组患者总高阶像差、球差显著高于非转变组(P=0.030、0.046);两组患者非主导眼比较,术后1 mo转变组患者三叶草像差显著高于非转变组(P=0.008)。术后1 mo,转变组患者双眼三叶草像差差值明显高于非转变组(P=0.022),余均无差异。结论:SMILE术后部分患者会发生主导眼的转变,但对主观视觉质量无显著影响,术后早期客观视觉质量下降可能是主导眼转变的相关因素。

无人机遥感数据的森林病虫害变色立木提取分析

随着大面积人工造林后,森林病虫害逐年增加,病虫害的监测工作成为防治的重点。利用成熟的无人机遥感监测技术,获取高精度的正射影像,通过对遥感影像进行数据分析,基于深度学习方法的变色立木智能提取技术,以林地地面核查为复核,有效把控林业病虫害的发生。深度学习算法相较于传统机器学习可以提供更准确、更及时的森林健康状况监测,从而帮助林业工作者及时发现并处理可能出现的森林健康问题。提高对林业病虫害监测的全面性和准确性,有效监测森林生态健康。

城市化进程下厦门市海岸线形态时空变化分析

中国海岸线绵长,海洋资源丰富。厦门作为沿海城市,近年来,港口建设、临海工业、滨海旅游开发等活动的增加导致海岸线出现较大变化。高效、精确地测量海岸线的时空动态变化极具研究价值和实际意义。该文基于2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年4期Landsat遥感影像数据,利用面向对象的方法对海岸线进行提取,然后从海岸线长度、形态和陆地面积变化等方面研究海岸线的时空演变。研究结果表明,15 a间,厦门市海岸线时空变化特征显著。海岸线长度整体持续增长,先加速后减速,2010—2015年间变化最快,平均速率高达4.1 km/a,变化主要集中在大嶝岛和海翔码头附近。海岸线形态逐年趋于平整,湖里区变化最为明显。2005—2020年间,厦门陆地面积增长约24.5 km 2,翔安区陆地面积增长最大。海岸线的变化受到多种因素的影响,其中人口增长、经济发展、政策的出台和改变等都对海岸线的变化产生巨大影响。

变化区域三维坐标提取与展示方法研究

提出了一种整合倾斜摄影三维模型与数字高程模型(DEM)的地表变化监测方法,旨在提升露天矿山开采监管与环境保护的精确性和可操作性。通过比较两期DEM数据的高程差异,并结合二值化和形态学操作技术,精确提取地表变化范围的三维坐标,计算挖填方量和评估采矿合规性,并在三维模型中对结果进行可视化展示。结果表明,该方法自动化程度较高,能高效地对比分析DEM数据,显著提高地表变化监测的精度和效率,三维渲染技术增强了数据的直观性和易读性。该方法还可应用于土地退化、城市扩张和灾害评估等多种地表变化监测任务中。随着技术的发展,将引入更多自动化和智能化元素,为未来的资源管理和环境保护提供更有效的技术支撑。