Light-absorbing impurities on glaciers are important factors that influence glacial surface albedo and accelerate glacier melt. In this study, the quantity of light-absorbing impurities on Keqikaer Glacier in western ...Light-absorbing impurities on glaciers are important factors that influence glacial surface albedo and accelerate glacier melt. In this study, the quantity of light-absorbing impurities on Keqikaer Glacier in western Tien Shan, Central Asia, was measured. We found that the average concentrations of black carbon was 2,180 ng/g, with a range from 250 ng/g to more than 10,000 ng/g. The average concentrations of organic carbon and mineral dust were 1,738 ng/g and 194 μg/g, respectively. Based on simulations performed with the Snow Ice Aerosol Radiative model simulations, black carbon and dust are responsible for approximately 64% and 9%, respectively, of the albedo reduction, and are associated with instantaneous radiative forcing of 323.18 W/m2(ranging from 142.16 to 619.25 W/m2) and 24.05 W/m2(ranging from 0.15 to69.77 W/m2), respectively. For different scenarios, the albedo and radiative forcing effect of black carbon is considerably greater than that of dust. The estimated radiative forcing at Keqikaer Glacier is higher than most similar values estimated by previous studies on the Tibetan Plateau, perhaps as a result of black carbon enrichment by melt scavenging. Light-absorbing impurities deposited on Keqikaer Glacier appear to mainly originate from central Asia, Siberia, western China(including the Taklimakan Desert) and parts of South Asia in summer, and from the Middle East and Central Asia in winter.A footprint analysis indicates that a large fraction(>60%) of the black carbon contributions on Keqikaer Glacier comes from anthropogenic sources. These results provide a scientific basis for regional mitigation efforts to reduce black carbon.展开更多
Forests are important ecosystems for economic and social development.However,the response of tree radial growth to climate has produced‘divergent problems'at high latitudes under global warming.In this study,the ...Forests are important ecosystems for economic and social development.However,the response of tree radial growth to climate has produced‘divergent problems'at high latitudes under global warming.In this study,the response stability and trend of Picea schrenkiana radial growth to variability in climate factors were analyzed in the mid-latitudes of the western Tien Shan Mountains.Radial growth of P.schrenkiana was mainly limited by minimum and mean temperatures.The divergent responses of radial growth occurred in response to the minimum and mean temperatures at the beginning of the growing season(April–May)of the current year,but responses to drought occurred in July–September of the previous year.And the mean and minimum temperatures in June–September of the current year were both stable.Radial growth first increased and then decreased according to the basal area increment,with a gradual increase in temperature.Therefore,forest ecosystems in mountainous arid areas will be increasingly affected by future climate warming.展开更多
In this study, tree-ring width data of Schrenk spruce (Picea schrenkiana) from the upper timberline of the Tien Shan (Kyrgyzstan) were analyzed to investigate the effect of climate change. Growtheclimate response anal...In this study, tree-ring width data of Schrenk spruce (Picea schrenkiana) from the upper timberline of the Tien Shan (Kyrgyzstan) were analyzed to investigate the effect of climate change. Growtheclimate response analyses revealed that the tree rings of spruce at the upper timberline of the Tien Shan also can provide hydrometeorological (precipitation and streamflow) signals. Tree-ring records from both Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang exhibited similar tree-growth variability at both annual and decadal time scales during the common period 1457e2009. In Xinjiang and Kyrgyzstan, tree growth was reduced during the Little Ice Age (LIA); however, the timing and magnitude of LIA differ between the two regions. During 1470e1660, the two chronologies diverged, and this phenomenon is considered to be caused by a different response to the harsh climate of the LIA. In this study, the tree-ring width series from the upper tree line of the Tien Shan is negatively associated with temperature. As opposed to previous studies, the tree-ring width series from the upper timberline of the Tien Shan appears to respond well to hydrometeorological factors. Therefore, we highlight the need for more detailed ecophysiological response studies for spruce trees at the upper timberline of the Tien Shan, in particular, with regard to the role of water availability and temperature during the growth season.展开更多
Based on the sedimentary and subsiding features of Kuqa foreland basin, this paper presents the following characteristics of Neogene coupling relationship between Kuqa Basin and Southern Tien Shan Orogen, Northwester...Based on the sedimentary and subsiding features of Kuqa foreland basin, this paper presents the following characteristics of Neogene coupling relationship between Kuqa Basin and Southern Tien Shan Orogen, Northwestern China: (1) The Southern Tien Shan Orogen underwent Neogene uplifting of 4 km in height and the Kuqa Basin underwent Neogene subsidence of 4?6 km in depth accordingly beginning in 25 Ma; (2) The Southern Tien Shan Orogen moved continuously toward the Kuqa Basin, with largest structural shortening rate of greater than 53.7%, and the north boundary of the Kuqa Basin retreated continuously southward accordingly since the Miocene; (3) There are two subsidence centers with high subsiding rates and large subsiding extent, located in the eastern and western Kuqa Basin respectively, with the subsiding maximizing in the deposition period of Kuqa Formation.展开更多
The early Paleozoic Terskey Suture zone,located in the southern part of the Northern Tien Shan domain in Kyrgyzstan,comprises tectonic slivers of dismembered ophiolites and associated primitive volcanics and deepmarin...The early Paleozoic Terskey Suture zone,located in the southern part of the Northern Tien Shan domain in Kyrgyzstan,comprises tectonic slivers of dismembered ophiolites and associated primitive volcanics and deepmarine sediments.In the Lake Songkul area,early-middle Cambrian pillow basalts are crosscut by the Songkultau intrusion of coarse-grained gneissose quartz diorites and tonalites with geochemical characteristics typical for high-SiO2 adakites(SiO2>56 wt.%,Al2O3>15 wt.%,Na2 O>3.5 wt.%and high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios).The Songkultau granitoids have positive initialεNd(+3.8 to+6.4)andεHf(+12.3 to+13.5)values indicating derivation from sources with MORB-like isotopic signature.Volcanic formations,surrounding the Songkultau intrusion,have geochemical affinities varying from ocean floor to island arc series.This rock assemblage is interpreted as a relic of an early-middle Cambrian primitive arc where the adakite-like granitoids were derived from partial melting of young and hot subducted oceanic crust.An age of 505 Ma,obtained for the Songkultau intrusion,shows that hot subduction under the Northern Tien Shan continued until middle Cambrian.The primitive arc complexes were obducted onto the Northern Tien Shan domain,where the Andean type continental magmatic arc developed in Cambrian and Ordovician.Formation of the Andean type arc was accompanied by uplift,erosion and deposition of coarse clastic sediments.A depositional age of ca.470 Ma,obtained for the gravellites in the Lake Songkul area,is in agreement with the timing of deposition for lower Ordovician conglomerates elsewhere in the Northern Tien Shan,and corresponds to the main phase of the Andean type magmatism.The Songkultau adakites in association with surrounding ocean floor and island arc formations constitute a relic of a primitive Cambrian arc and represent a juvenile domain of substantial size identified so far within the predominantly crustal-derived terranes of Tien Shan.On a regional scale this primitive arc can be compared with juvenile Cambrian arcs of Kazakhstan,Gorny Altai and Mongolia.展开更多
The high-to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks of the Atbashy complex were petrologically investigated. The eclogites of the Choloktor Formation show a prograde evolution from epidote-blueschist facies(P = 17-21 kba...The high-to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks of the Atbashy complex were petrologically investigated. The eclogites of the Choloktor Formation show a prograde evolution from epidote-blueschist facies(P = 17-21 kbar and T = 450-515 ℃) to peak eclogite-UHP conditions(P = 26-29 kbar and T = 545-615 ℃) with a subsequent epidote-amphibolite and greenschist facies overprint. The micaschists of the Choloktor Formation also show a clockwise P-T path from blueschist/epidote-blueschist facies conditions through peak eclogite facies conditions(P = 21-23 kbar and T = 530-580 ℃) to retrograde epidote-amphibolite and greenschist facies stages. A comparison of the P-T paths in the eclogites and mica-schists of Choloktor Formation reveal that they may have shared their P-T history from peak to retrograde stages. The mica-schists of the Atbashy Formation record peak metamorphism of P = 10-12 kbar and T = 515-565 ℃, which indicates that the highest grade of regional metamorphism in the Atbashy Ridge was epidote-amphibolite facies.The newly obtained P-T conditions for the mica-schists of Choloktor Formation indicate that sheets of sedimentary rocks were brought to great depths along the subduction zone and they metamorphosed under eclogite facies HP conditions. The eclogite blocks were amalgamated with mica-schists of Choloktor Formation in the eclogite facies HP conditions and together they experienced isothermal decompression to ～40 km. During this path, the eclogites and mica-schists of Choloktor Formation docked with mica-schists of Atbashy Formation at 10-12 kbar and 515-565 ℃, and from this depth(～40 km) the whole sequence was exhumed together. These new results improve our understanding of high-pressure metamorphism in subduction-related accretionary prism zones and the exhumation processes of deeply-seated rocks in the Atbashy HP-UHP complex.展开更多
The article analyzes the natural distribution area of the species <i>Tulipa kaufmanniana</i> Regel using the programs of type MaxEnt and ArcGis, the endemic of Central Asia (past, current, future). Accordi...The article analyzes the natural distribution area of the species <i>Tulipa kaufmanniana</i> Regel using the programs of type MaxEnt and ArcGis, the endemic of Central Asia (past, current, future). According to the results of the study, it is proved that the main distribution of the species coincides with the boundaries of the areali Tien-Shan mountain system (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan). It is noted that the climatic factors that are optimal for the species are sufficient temperature and annual precipitation.展开更多
Climatic anomalies not only attract the attention of specialists in climatology and meteorology, but also stimulate geological research, because climatic changes activate many geological processes: mudflow and landsli...Climatic anomalies not only attract the attention of specialists in climatology and meteorology, but also stimulate geological research, because climatic changes activate many geological processes: mudflow and landslide formation, erosion, weathering, etc. An increase in the activity of geological processes was clearly manifested in Tajikistan, 93% of which is occupied by mountain structures. As a result, this found expression in conducting new for that territory engineering-geonomic studies. Both the region as a whole and its individual parts can serve as models in the study of natural processes due to the diversity of landscape-climatic belts and zones. The report contains brief data on engineering-geonomic studies conducted in the Zeravshan river basin in connection with the intensification of mudflow processes.展开更多
This paper presents the results of the field study on species composition,geographical distribution,phytocoenotic diversity and resources of crop wild relatives(CWR) in Kazakhstan’s ranges of the Tien Shan Mountains....This paper presents the results of the field study on species composition,geographical distribution,phytocoenotic diversity and resources of crop wild relatives(CWR) in Kazakhstan’s ranges of the Tien Shan Mountains.Taxa of not only cultivated genera of crops are taken into account,but also a wider range of species of high socio-economic importance,including medicinal,fodder,essential oil and other species.List of CWR includes 289 species belonging to 39 families and 145 genera.Among them,9 species listed in the Red Data book of Kazakhstan:Pistacia vera,Rheum wittrockii,Armeniaca vulgaris,Malus sieversii,Allium pskemense,Allochrusa gypsophilloides,Sorbus sibirica,Vitis vinifera and Artemisia cina.The highest plant diversity is recorded in intermountain plains and river valleys where meadow vegetation forms a high abundance of forage and resource plants.The diversity of wild fruit plants is concentrated in gallery forests.CWR of cereals are confined to dry steppe slopes in low piedmont belt.The populations of almond,pistachio,plum and cherry were recorded at dry slopes of low mountain belt.The estimation of the raw material base for 13 resource plants is given.Only Rumex tianschanicus,Berberis sphaerocarpa are recommended for industrial harvesting;for local pharmacy chain-Mentha longifolia,Origanum vulgare,O.vulgare subsp.gracile,Ziziphora clinopodioides,Hypericum scabrum,Hypericum perforatum,and five Rosa species.展开更多
Tien river and Hau river are two main branches of Cuu Long River which have hydrology regime directly effected by climate change and sea level rise. The flow of the dry season in the Tien and Hau rivers plays a key ro...Tien river and Hau river are two main branches of Cuu Long River which have hydrology regime directly effected by climate change and sea level rise. The flow of the dry season in the Tien and Hau rivers plays a key role in the socio-economic development of the Mekong Delta, especially in agricultural production. The study aims to provide useful information in socio-economic development planning and water use strategies for managers, planners and policymarkers of the provinces/cities in the Mekong Delta. This paper presents the study results in changing of dry season flows in Tien river and Hau river under the impacts of climate change in order to propose measures for protection, substainable development and water security.展开更多
To address data scarcity on long-term glacial discharge and inadequacies in simulating and predicting hydrological processes in the Tien Shan,this study analysed the observed discharge at multiple timescales over 1980...To address data scarcity on long-term glacial discharge and inadequacies in simulating and predicting hydrological processes in the Tien Shan,this study analysed the observed discharge at multiple timescales over 1980se2017 and projected changes within a representative glacierized high-mountain region:eastern Tien Shan,Central Asia.Hydrological processes were simulated to predict changes under four future scenarios(SSP1,SSP2,SSP3,and SSP5)using a classical hydrological model coupled with a glacier dynamics module.Discharge rates at annual,monthly(June,July,August)and daily timescales were obtained from two hydrological gauges:Urumqi Glacier No.1 hydrological station(UGH)and Zongkong station(ZK).Overall,annual and summer discharge increased significantly(p<0.05)at both stations over the study period.Their intra-annual variations mainly resulted from differences in their recharge mechanisms.The simulations show that a tipping point in annual discharge at UGH may occur between 2018 and 2024 under the four SSPs scenarios.Glacial discharge is predicted to cease earlier at ZK than at UGH.This relates to glacier type and size,suggesting basins with heavily developed small glaciers will reach peak discharge sooner,resulting in an earlier freshwater supply challenge.These findings serve as a reference for research into glacial runoff in Central Asia and provide a decision-making basis for planning local water-resource projects.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41630754, 41671067, and 41501063)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJZD-EW-G03-04), the State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science (SKLCS-ZZ-2015)the Foundation for Excellent Youth Scholars of Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS
文摘Light-absorbing impurities on glaciers are important factors that influence glacial surface albedo and accelerate glacier melt. In this study, the quantity of light-absorbing impurities on Keqikaer Glacier in western Tien Shan, Central Asia, was measured. We found that the average concentrations of black carbon was 2,180 ng/g, with a range from 250 ng/g to more than 10,000 ng/g. The average concentrations of organic carbon and mineral dust were 1,738 ng/g and 194 μg/g, respectively. Based on simulations performed with the Snow Ice Aerosol Radiative model simulations, black carbon and dust are responsible for approximately 64% and 9%, respectively, of the albedo reduction, and are associated with instantaneous radiative forcing of 323.18 W/m2(ranging from 142.16 to 619.25 W/m2) and 24.05 W/m2(ranging from 0.15 to69.77 W/m2), respectively. For different scenarios, the albedo and radiative forcing effect of black carbon is considerably greater than that of dust. The estimated radiative forcing at Keqikaer Glacier is higher than most similar values estimated by previous studies on the Tibetan Plateau, perhaps as a result of black carbon enrichment by melt scavenging. Light-absorbing impurities deposited on Keqikaer Glacier appear to mainly originate from central Asia, Siberia, western China(including the Taklimakan Desert) and parts of South Asia in summer, and from the Middle East and Central Asia in winter.A footprint analysis indicates that a large fraction(>60%) of the black carbon contributions on Keqikaer Glacier comes from anthropogenic sources. These results provide a scientific basis for regional mitigation efforts to reduce black carbon.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Projects Nos.41861006 and 41630750)the Scientific Research Program of Higher Education Institutions of Gansu Province(2018C-02)the Research Ability Promotion Program for Young Teachers of Northwest Normal University(NWNU-LKQN2019-4)。
文摘Forests are important ecosystems for economic and social development.However,the response of tree radial growth to climate has produced‘divergent problems'at high latitudes under global warming.In this study,the response stability and trend of Picea schrenkiana radial growth to variability in climate factors were analyzed in the mid-latitudes of the western Tien Shan Mountains.Radial growth of P.schrenkiana was mainly limited by minimum and mean temperatures.The divergent responses of radial growth occurred in response to the minimum and mean temperatures at the beginning of the growing season(April–May)of the current year,but responses to drought occurred in July–September of the previous year.And the mean and minimum temperatures in June–September of the current year were both stable.Radial growth first increased and then decreased according to the basal area increment,with a gradual increase in temperature.Therefore,forest ecosystems in mountainous arid areas will be increasingly affected by future climate warming.
文摘In this study, tree-ring width data of Schrenk spruce (Picea schrenkiana) from the upper timberline of the Tien Shan (Kyrgyzstan) were analyzed to investigate the effect of climate change. Growtheclimate response analyses revealed that the tree rings of spruce at the upper timberline of the Tien Shan also can provide hydrometeorological (precipitation and streamflow) signals. Tree-ring records from both Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang exhibited similar tree-growth variability at both annual and decadal time scales during the common period 1457e2009. In Xinjiang and Kyrgyzstan, tree growth was reduced during the Little Ice Age (LIA); however, the timing and magnitude of LIA differ between the two regions. During 1470e1660, the two chronologies diverged, and this phenomenon is considered to be caused by a different response to the harsh climate of the LIA. In this study, the tree-ring width series from the upper tree line of the Tien Shan is negatively associated with temperature. As opposed to previous studies, the tree-ring width series from the upper timberline of the Tien Shan appears to respond well to hydrometeorological factors. Therefore, we highlight the need for more detailed ecophysiological response studies for spruce trees at the upper timberline of the Tien Shan, in particular, with regard to the role of water availability and temperature during the growth season.
文摘Based on the sedimentary and subsiding features of Kuqa foreland basin, this paper presents the following characteristics of Neogene coupling relationship between Kuqa Basin and Southern Tien Shan Orogen, Northwestern China: (1) The Southern Tien Shan Orogen underwent Neogene uplifting of 4 km in height and the Kuqa Basin underwent Neogene subsidence of 4?6 km in depth accordingly beginning in 25 Ma; (2) The Southern Tien Shan Orogen moved continuously toward the Kuqa Basin, with largest structural shortening rate of greater than 53.7%, and the north boundary of the Kuqa Basin retreated continuously southward accordingly since the Miocene; (3) There are two subsidence centers with high subsiding rates and large subsiding extent, located in the eastern and western Kuqa Basin respectively, with the subsiding maximizing in the deposition period of Kuqa Formation.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation(Project No 14.Y26.31.0018-I.S.,D.K.)。
文摘The early Paleozoic Terskey Suture zone,located in the southern part of the Northern Tien Shan domain in Kyrgyzstan,comprises tectonic slivers of dismembered ophiolites and associated primitive volcanics and deepmarine sediments.In the Lake Songkul area,early-middle Cambrian pillow basalts are crosscut by the Songkultau intrusion of coarse-grained gneissose quartz diorites and tonalites with geochemical characteristics typical for high-SiO2 adakites(SiO2>56 wt.%,Al2O3>15 wt.%,Na2 O>3.5 wt.%and high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios).The Songkultau granitoids have positive initialεNd(+3.8 to+6.4)andεHf(+12.3 to+13.5)values indicating derivation from sources with MORB-like isotopic signature.Volcanic formations,surrounding the Songkultau intrusion,have geochemical affinities varying from ocean floor to island arc series.This rock assemblage is interpreted as a relic of an early-middle Cambrian primitive arc where the adakite-like granitoids were derived from partial melting of young and hot subducted oceanic crust.An age of 505 Ma,obtained for the Songkultau intrusion,shows that hot subduction under the Northern Tien Shan continued until middle Cambrian.The primitive arc complexes were obducted onto the Northern Tien Shan domain,where the Andean type continental magmatic arc developed in Cambrian and Ordovician.Formation of the Andean type arc was accompanied by uplift,erosion and deposition of coarse clastic sediments.A depositional age of ca.470 Ma,obtained for the gravellites in the Lake Songkul area,is in agreement with the timing of deposition for lower Ordovician conglomerates elsewhere in the Northern Tien Shan,and corresponds to the main phase of the Andean type magmatism.The Songkultau adakites in association with surrounding ocean floor and island arc formations constitute a relic of a primitive Cambrian arc and represent a juvenile domain of substantial size identified so far within the predominantly crustal-derived terranes of Tien Shan.On a regional scale this primitive arc can be compared with juvenile Cambrian arcs of Kazakhstan,Gorny Altai and Mongolia.
基金partly supported by the Project ISTC(No KR-712)to the Institute of Geology of NAS KR and JSPS KAKENHI(Grant Nos.JP15H05695 for AT and JP12F02026 for RO)
文摘The high-to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks of the Atbashy complex were petrologically investigated. The eclogites of the Choloktor Formation show a prograde evolution from epidote-blueschist facies(P = 17-21 kbar and T = 450-515 ℃) to peak eclogite-UHP conditions(P = 26-29 kbar and T = 545-615 ℃) with a subsequent epidote-amphibolite and greenschist facies overprint. The micaschists of the Choloktor Formation also show a clockwise P-T path from blueschist/epidote-blueschist facies conditions through peak eclogite facies conditions(P = 21-23 kbar and T = 530-580 ℃) to retrograde epidote-amphibolite and greenschist facies stages. A comparison of the P-T paths in the eclogites and mica-schists of Choloktor Formation reveal that they may have shared their P-T history from peak to retrograde stages. The mica-schists of the Atbashy Formation record peak metamorphism of P = 10-12 kbar and T = 515-565 ℃, which indicates that the highest grade of regional metamorphism in the Atbashy Ridge was epidote-amphibolite facies.The newly obtained P-T conditions for the mica-schists of Choloktor Formation indicate that sheets of sedimentary rocks were brought to great depths along the subduction zone and they metamorphosed under eclogite facies HP conditions. The eclogite blocks were amalgamated with mica-schists of Choloktor Formation in the eclogite facies HP conditions and together they experienced isothermal decompression to ～40 km. During this path, the eclogites and mica-schists of Choloktor Formation docked with mica-schists of Atbashy Formation at 10-12 kbar and 515-565 ℃, and from this depth(～40 km) the whole sequence was exhumed together. These new results improve our understanding of high-pressure metamorphism in subduction-related accretionary prism zones and the exhumation processes of deeply-seated rocks in the Atbashy HP-UHP complex.
文摘The article analyzes the natural distribution area of the species <i>Tulipa kaufmanniana</i> Regel using the programs of type MaxEnt and ArcGis, the endemic of Central Asia (past, current, future). According to the results of the study, it is proved that the main distribution of the species coincides with the boundaries of the areali Tien-Shan mountain system (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan). It is noted that the climatic factors that are optimal for the species are sufficient temperature and annual precipitation.
文摘Climatic anomalies not only attract the attention of specialists in climatology and meteorology, but also stimulate geological research, because climatic changes activate many geological processes: mudflow and landslide formation, erosion, weathering, etc. An increase in the activity of geological processes was clearly manifested in Tajikistan, 93% of which is occupied by mountain structures. As a result, this found expression in conducting new for that territory engineering-geonomic studies. Both the region as a whole and its individual parts can serve as models in the study of natural processes due to the diversity of landscape-climatic belts and zones. The report contains brief data on engineering-geonomic studies conducted in the Zeravshan river basin in connection with the intensification of mudflow processes.
基金Thanks to the organizers and supporters of the International Workshop on Plant Diversity and Conservation of the One Belt and One Road Countries(Sept 2018,Yunnan,China)for their commendable work in convening a successful meeting.This research was undertaken in the programme“Botanical diversity of crop wild relatives of Kazakhstan as the source of enrichment and of preservation of the genetic pool of agricultural,biological diversity for the implementation of food program”,funded by Ministry of Education&Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
文摘This paper presents the results of the field study on species composition,geographical distribution,phytocoenotic diversity and resources of crop wild relatives(CWR) in Kazakhstan’s ranges of the Tien Shan Mountains.Taxa of not only cultivated genera of crops are taken into account,but also a wider range of species of high socio-economic importance,including medicinal,fodder,essential oil and other species.List of CWR includes 289 species belonging to 39 families and 145 genera.Among them,9 species listed in the Red Data book of Kazakhstan:Pistacia vera,Rheum wittrockii,Armeniaca vulgaris,Malus sieversii,Allium pskemense,Allochrusa gypsophilloides,Sorbus sibirica,Vitis vinifera and Artemisia cina.The highest plant diversity is recorded in intermountain plains and river valleys where meadow vegetation forms a high abundance of forage and resource plants.The diversity of wild fruit plants is concentrated in gallery forests.CWR of cereals are confined to dry steppe slopes in low piedmont belt.The populations of almond,pistachio,plum and cherry were recorded at dry slopes of low mountain belt.The estimation of the raw material base for 13 resource plants is given.Only Rumex tianschanicus,Berberis sphaerocarpa are recommended for industrial harvesting;for local pharmacy chain-Mentha longifolia,Origanum vulgare,O.vulgare subsp.gracile,Ziziphora clinopodioides,Hypericum scabrum,Hypericum perforatum,and five Rosa species.
文摘Tien river and Hau river are two main branches of Cuu Long River which have hydrology regime directly effected by climate change and sea level rise. The flow of the dry season in the Tien and Hau rivers plays a key role in the socio-economic development of the Mekong Delta, especially in agricultural production. The study aims to provide useful information in socio-economic development planning and water use strategies for managers, planners and policymarkers of the provinces/cities in the Mekong Delta. This paper presents the study results in changing of dry season flows in Tien river and Hau river under the impacts of climate change in order to propose measures for protection, substainable development and water security.
基金the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program(2021xjkk0801)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(2019QZKK0201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42301168)。
文摘To address data scarcity on long-term glacial discharge and inadequacies in simulating and predicting hydrological processes in the Tien Shan,this study analysed the observed discharge at multiple timescales over 1980se2017 and projected changes within a representative glacierized high-mountain region:eastern Tien Shan,Central Asia.Hydrological processes were simulated to predict changes under four future scenarios(SSP1,SSP2,SSP3,and SSP5)using a classical hydrological model coupled with a glacier dynamics module.Discharge rates at annual,monthly(June,July,August)and daily timescales were obtained from two hydrological gauges:Urumqi Glacier No.1 hydrological station(UGH)and Zongkong station(ZK).Overall,annual and summer discharge increased significantly(p<0.05)at both stations over the study period.Their intra-annual variations mainly resulted from differences in their recharge mechanisms.The simulations show that a tipping point in annual discharge at UGH may occur between 2018 and 2024 under the four SSPs scenarios.Glacial discharge is predicted to cease earlier at ZK than at UGH.This relates to glacier type and size,suggesting basins with heavily developed small glaciers will reach peak discharge sooner,resulting in an earlier freshwater supply challenge.These findings serve as a reference for research into glacial runoff in Central Asia and provide a decision-making basis for planning local water-resource projects.
