Extreme Temperature Change of the Last 110 Years in Changchun,Northeast China

In China and East Asia,the long-term continuous observational data at daily resolution are insufficient,and thus there is a lack of good understanding of the extreme climate variation over the last 100 years plus.In this study,the extreme temperature indices defined by ETCCDI(Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices)and local meteorological administrations were analyzed for Changchun City,Northeast China,by using the daily maximum temperature(Tmax)and daily minimum temperature(Tmin)over 1909?2018.The results showed that extreme cold events,such as cold days,cold nights,frost days,icing days,and low temperature days,decreased significantly at rates of?0.41 d(10 yr)^?1,?1.45 d(10 yr)^?1,?2.28 d(10 yr)^?1,?1.16 d(10 yr)?1 and?1.90 d(10 yr)^?1,respectively.Warm nights increased significantly at a rate of 1.71 d(10 yr)^?1,but warm days decreased slightly and the number of high temperature days decreased at a rate of?0.20 d(10 yr)?1.The frequency of cold surge events increased significantly at a rate of 0.25 d(10 yr)^?1,occurring mainly from the mid-1950s to late-1980s.The average Tmax,average Tmin and extreme Tmin increased at rates of 0.09℃(10 yr)^?1,0.36℃(10 yr)^?1 and 0.54℃(10 yr)^?1,respectively;and extreme Tmax decreased significantly at a rate of?0.17℃(10 yr)^?1.In 1909?2018,1951?2018 and 1979?2018,the indices related to cold events decreased,while the trends of the indices related to warm events were different for different periods.

Impacts of Urban Expansion on the Urban Thermal Environment:A Case Study of Changchun,China

Urbanization,especially urban land expansion,has a profound influence on the urban thermal environment.Cities in Northeast China face remarkably uneven development and environmental issues,and thus it is necessary to strengthen the diagnosis of thermal environmental pressure brought by urbanization.In this study,multi remote sensing imageries and statistical approaches,involving piecewise linear regression(PLR),were used to explore urban expansion and its effects on the thermal environment of Changchun City in Jilin Province,China.Results show that Changchun experienced rapid urban expansion from 2000 to 2020,with urban built-up areas increasing from 171.77 to 525.14 km^(2).The area of the city’s urban heat island(UHI)increased dramatically,during both day and night.Using PLR,a positive linear correlation of built-up density with land surface temperature(LST)was detected,with critical breakpoints of 70%-80%during the daytime and 40%-50%at nighttime.Above the thresholds,the magnitude of LST in response to built-up density significantly increased with intensifying urbanization,especially for nighttime LST.An analysis of the relative frequency distributions(RFDs)of LST reveals that rapid urbanization resulted in a significant increase of mean LST in newly urbanized areas,but had weak effects on daytime LST change in existing urban area.Urban expansion also contributed to a constant decrease of spatial heterogeneity of LST in existing urban area,especially at daytime.However,in newly urbanized areas,the spatial heterogeneity of LST was decreased during the daytime but increased at nighttime due to urbanization.

Diagenesis and Very Low-Grade Metamorphism of the Upper Permian Yangjiagou Formation in Eastern Changchun, China:Evidence from Clay Mineral Geothermobarometers

The metamorphic conditions of the Upper Permian Yangjiagou Formation in eastern Changchun, China, were evaluated based on the mineral assemblage, illite crystallinity, illite polytypism,the b dimension of illite, and the chemical composition of chlorite. The pelitic rocks in the Yangjiagou Formation are characterized by illite + kaolinite + chlorite ± mixed-layer chlorite/smectite and detrital quartz + plagioclase. Illite in the formation has a crystallinity of 0.38-0.55 and comprises mixed 2 Mand1 Mpolytypes, indicating a metamorphic temperature of >200℃. Based on the chemical composition of chlorite and the chlorite geothermometer, we estimated diagenetic to very low-grade metamorphic conditions with temperatures of 185℃～204℃. The b dimension of illite varies from 8.992 A to 9.005 A.We used a mathematical algorithm to extend Guidotti and Sassi’s(1986) diagram relating illite b dimension with temperature and pressure, and used this diagram, together with illite crystallinity and chlorite chemical composition, to semi-quantitatively estimate the formation pressure at<1.2 kbar. These reveal that the Yangjiagou Formation has experienced very low-grade metamorphism.

Ecological Effects of Remote Smallsand Descending on Urban Area:Deduced from the "Mud - Snow" in Changchun City

A serious sandstorm occurred in North China from April 5 to April 7, 2000, while the remote smallsand decending took place in even larger area to the far northeast China. In Chanchun city, smallsand descending with snow provides the best samples to conduct a quantitative research on the possible impacts of city - ecology. In the 253km2 urban district area of Changchun city, smallsands accumulated up to more than 3000t on April 7, according to the calculation of four "mud - snow" samples. After naturally melting in room temperature, two samples are taken to do quarantine of "invasion bacteria". As a preliminary result, the individual amount of bacterium in 1 ml sample water is up to 8. 9 x 104 or 1. 05 x 105, and it is estimated that there are 640 million "invasion bacterium" individuals in one square meter. This study proves that other than the obvious environmental effects of sandstorm, the urban micro - ecosystem is very possible under threat by the "invasion bacterium" accompanied by remote descending smallsand.

The Main Characteristics and Disposal of Municipal Garbage in Changchun City of China

Based on current situations of Chinese garbage management and disposal, this paper is centered on introduction of some research results of household garbage in Changchun, capital city of Jilin Province, northeast China. From the viewpoint of man the earth system, garbage is characterized by sociality, temporal and spatial differentiation and limitation and other features, which imply that the garbage research being involved with natural science and social science should not only focus on the natural features but also on the social features. Compared to some developed cities, the material composition of garbage in Changchun is typically characterized by high moisture content, low combustion value and minor recyclable materials. Concentration, cycle shaping and self similarity characterize the garbage distribution. The tracing investigation on 683 households ten times shows that three fourths of the total garbage yield in Changchun is derived from non domestic units and that the attention of garbage management, especially source reduction, should be focused on the non domestic units. The GM(1,1) prediction model has been set up and the prediction result shows that the amount of garbage yield of Changchun in 2004 will be up to 1,500,000 tons. Investigation of environmental consciousness to garbage problems have been carried out. Based on the above characteristics of garbage, the disposal countermeasures of Changchun garbage have been suggested.

Macro-and Microstructural, Textural Fabrics and Deformation Mechanism of Calcite Mylonites from Xar Moron-Changchun Dextral Shear Zone, Northeast China

The calcite mylonites in the Xar Moron-Changchun shear zone show a significance dextral shearing characteristics. The asymmetric(σ-structure) calcite/quartz grains or aggregates, asymmetry of calcite c-axes fabric diagrams and the oblique foliation of recrystallized calcite grains correspond to a top-to-E shearing. Mineral deformation behaviors, twin morphology, C-axis EBSD fabrics, and quartz grain size-frequency diagrams demonstrate that the ductile shear zone was developed under conditions of greenschist facies, with the range of deformation temperatures from 200 to 300°C. These subgrains of host grains and surrounding recrystallized grains, strong undulose extinction, and slightly curved grain boundaries are probably results of intracrystalline deformation and dynamic recrystallization implying that the deformation took place within the dislocation-creep regime at shallow crustal levels. The calculated paleo-strain rates are between 10-7.87s-1 and 10-11.49s-1 with differential stresses of 32.63-63.94 MPa lying at the higher bound of typical strain rates in shear zones at crustal levels, and may indicate a relatively rapid deformation. The S-L-calcite tectonites have undergone a component of uplift which led to subhorizontal lifting in an already non-coaxial compressional deformation regime with a bulk pure shear-dominated general shear. This E-W large-scale dextral strike-slip movement is a consequence of the eastward extrusion of the Xing’an-Mongolian Orogenic Belt, and results from far-field forces associated with Late Triassic convergence domains after the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.

Evaluation on water resources carrying capacity of Changchun-Jilin Region

Based on such principles as sustainable development and ecological cycle, this paper evaluates the water resources carrying capacity(WCC) of Changchun-Jilin region using a population-economy-water resources correlation evaluation model built on the basis of WCC evaluation method as elaborated in the methodology of Functional Zoning of Population Development. Results show that the annual WCC of Changchun-Jilin region is able to support the population there, as a basic balance is struck between population and water resources. The incorporation of WCC into overall urban planning is one of the building blocks for sustainable city development with an advisable size.

M.A. AND PH.D. DISSERTATIONS 2011 Institute for the History of Ancient Civilizations Northeast Normal University, Changchun

Assyriology, Supervisor WU Yuhong, AACUD Project, 2011 LI Xueyan, Ph.D. The Reconstruction of the Archive of Nasa, the General Manager and Fattener

STUDY ON FLUXES OF CH4 EMISSION FROM PADDY FIELDS IN CHANGCHUN AREA

Little has been done in measurement and research of the flux of CH4 emission from paddy fields in Changchun area, Jilin Province, China before 1994. So the purpose of the study is to offer available regional data of CH4 emission flux and to discuss the factors which affect CH4 emission from paddy fields. Experimental paddy fields are chosen using TM pictures respectively in Xinlicheng (43° 49′ N, 125° 20′ E) of the Yitong River’s and in Wanchang (43° 44′ 10″ N, 125° 53′ 11″ E) of the Yinma River’s alluvial plain. The fluxes of CH4 emission from paddy fields are measured by the method of static chamber in Changchun area in 3 consecutive years. The research results show that the peak of CH4 emission from paddy fields occurs during the booting stage. The mean fluxes of CH4 emission are 7.056 mg/(m2· h) and 0.489 mg/(m2· h) in the paddy fields of flood and discontinuous irrigation respectively. The contrastive study holds that climate condition, the way of water management and fertilizer variation have significant influence on fluxes of CH4 emission from paddy fields. The difference of climatic conditions causes the interannual change of the flux of CH4 emission from paddy fields. In general, the flux of CH4 emission from paddy fields of flood irrigation is greater than that from paddy fields of discontinuous irrigation. To change the way of water management perhaps is an available way to reduce CH4 emission flux from paddy fields.

GIS-based Analysis of Main Air Pollutants of Changchun City in Summer

To gain a better understanding of the characteristics of air pollution of Changchun city, P. R. China, in summer, the analytical methods of geographical information system（GIS） and statistical analysis software SPSS were applied to the analysis of the monitored concentrations of SO2 , NO2, and O3 in July of 2002 to 2004 in Changchun city. The results obtained show that the average hourly O3 concentrations in July 2002 and 2004 were higher than the firstlevel hourly standard of China. At the same time, the dynamic distribution of the 03 concentration and the relationship between the concentration of 03 and that of NOx were studied. The air quality evaluation result of Changchun city indicates that the southwest of this city was heavily polluted during the monitored period.

Changchun symposium on Metallogeny of the Early Precambrian in China

According to the international geological correlation ploject 91, the Chinese working group is in duty bound to hold a symposium on mdtallogeny of the early Precambrian in China. with the help of Changchun College of geology this sgmposium was held between the 10th and 13th April, 1982 in Changchun.

Distribution Characteristics of Pb and Its Ecological Risk in Different Farmland Soils of Changchun Suburb

Pb in the farmland surface soil of Changchun suburb was taken as the main research object. The field research and laboratory analysis were used to investigate Pb content, spatial distribution characteristics and its ecological risk in different farmland soils. The results showed that Pb content was during 18.85 - 41.34 mg/kg in farmland soil of Changchun suburb, and was higher than the background value of Jilin Province at 90% of the sampling sites. The spatial distribution of Pb content in farmland soil had obvious geographical features, and Pb content in southwest and northeast soils was higher. The high-content areas were relatively concentrated, and Pb content gradually reduced from the high-content island- shape center to its surrounding. The soil Pb contents in paddy field, dry field and vegetable field had insignificant difference with the background value, indicating that Pb accumulations in dry field, paddy field and vegetable field were not significant. The order of Pb content in different land use types was showed as follows： vegetable field 〉 dry field 〉 paddy field. Pb pollution of all samples belonged to light pollution. The average potential ecological risk of soil Pb in different land use types presented the following order： vegetable field 〉 dry field 〉 paddy field.

LABORATORY OF RARE EARTH CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,CHANGCHUN INSTITUTE OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY,ACADEMIA SINICA

The Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry and Physics,Changchun Institute of Ap-plied Chemistry,Academia Sinica,has been opened to foreign scientists since October,1987.The first plenary session of the Academic Committee was held in March,1988,andthe first batch of research projects granted by the Scientific Funds of the Laboratory wereapproved at this meeting.

INVESTIGATION OF BEHAVIOR OF AMMONIUM SULFATE ON SURFACE OF IRON OXIDE Rong Sheng LI~*, Jing Feng CHEN, Hun YANG, Wu Yang ZHANG Dept. of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023,

hhen ammonium sulfate-iron oxide is treated below 573 K, ammonium sulfate can spontaneously desperse on the surface of iron oxide. Simultaneously ammonium sulfate decomposes to some extent. During or after the dispersion, sulfate ion can interact with Fe atom on the surface of iron oxide to form a sort of surface sulfato complex of Fe and thus is transformed from the isolated into the bidentately bound form. Above 573 K the sulfato complex of Fe will gradually decompose with a further increase in temperature.

A Brief Introduction to Changchun Railway Vehicle Co.,Ltd.

Changchun Railway Vehicle Co.,Ltd.(CRC) was founded in March 2002.Initiated by China's North Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry (group) Corporation,and based on the main business as well as the capital of the former Changchun Car Company,CRC was founded as new joint-stock company,

THE BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF CHANGCHUN JINGYUETAN OPEN REMOTE SENSING STUDY AND TEST SITE OF THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

In 1979, the Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Study and Test Site (RSSTS)began its work, and it was formally established in 1985. The RSSTS is subordinated the Changchun Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences and is supported by the Changchun Institute of Geography and Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Machnics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is under the management of the Resource & Environment Bureau of Chinese Academy of Sciences and it is the study base of remote sensing basis and application tests in China. The RSSTS is situated in the Jingyuetan scenic spot of the suburbs of Changchun City, Jilin Province. It is located at 43°40′—43°50′N and 125°18′-125°18′E.

Changchun NO.1 Machine Tool Plant

The Changchun No.1 Machine Tool Plant was established in 1958. It is a key enterprise of the Ministry of the Machine Building Industry, the largest grinder producing plant in northeast China and a leading plant producing cam-shaft grinders in China. The plant stands on a site of 200.000 sqm. It has 3.000 staff and workers, with engineers and technicians accounting for 12.8%. and 600 items of production equipment and precision