BACKGROUND Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(AHCM)is a subtype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Due to its location,the thickening of the left ventricular apex can be missed on echocardiography.Giant negative T waves(G...BACKGROUND Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(AHCM)is a subtype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Due to its location,the thickening of the left ventricular apex can be missed on echocardiography.Giant negative T waves(GNTs)in left-sided chest leads are the hallmark electrocardiogram(ECG)change of AHCM.CASE SUMMARY The first patient was a 68-year-old woman complaining of recurrent chest tightness persisting for more than 3 years.The second was a 59-year-old man complaining of spasmodic chest tightness persisting for more than 2 years.The third was a 55-year-old woman complaining of recurrent chest pain persisting for 4 mo.In all three cases,GNTs were observed several years prior to apical cardiac hypertrophy after other causes of T-wave inversion were ruled out.CONCLUSION Electrophysiological abnormalities of AHCM appear earlier than structural abnormalities,confirming the early predictive value of ECG for AHCM.展开更多
Glucose metabolism is essential for heart physiology, especially in ischemic conditions. Anaerobic glycolysis participates along with aerobic fatty acid oxidation in generating energy supply, and the balance is shifte...Glucose metabolism is essential for heart physiology, especially in ischemic conditions. Anaerobic glycolysis participates along with aerobic fatty acid oxidation in generating energy supply, and the balance is shifted towards fatty acids. In the case of aerobic path restriction due to coronary artery disease (CAD), this ratio changes. The aim of the present research was to discover the aspects of glycolysis in cardiac electrophysiology.?We utilized the normalized (by average value) T wave amplitude deviation values, named the G criterion,?from high-resolution, 12-channel, 120-seconds-long electrocardiograms,?which were obtained using DACG technology. The calculated G criterion allows a quantitative assessment of the ischemic process and corresponds to the functional class (FC) according to the Canadian cardiovascular classification. We examined 22 healthy people and 79 proven CAD patients: 24 II FC, 40 III FC and 15 IV FC by original ECG and fasting blood sugar tests. A strong correlation was found between the average G criterion from all 12 channels and the level of fasting blood sugar (r = +0.88). In the control group, blood sugar levels were 91 ± 6.5 mg/dl, II FC 103 ± 14.8 mg/dl (p < 0.01), III FC 113 ± 23.4 mg/dl (p < 0.001), and IV FC 152 ± 42.4 (p < 0.001). Moreover, the correlation factor (average G criterion and blood sugar) was strong and positive in each group: control +0.72, II FC +0.83, III FC +0.76, and IV FC +0.89. For the first time, heart electrical activity from the ECG curve was associated with high glucose level as one of the main CAD risk factors. The presence of such dependence of increased blood sugar level from the severity of the ischemic process in the myocardium indicates that hyperglycemic reaction is adaptive and can accelerate the anaerobic glycolysis for energy demand compensation in heart muscle.展开更多
Will exercise-induced cardiovascular workload be monitored by Electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform morphology? The discrimination ability of ECG morphology from 30 subjects was tested for distinguishing states between exe...Will exercise-induced cardiovascular workload be monitored by Electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform morphology? The discrimination ability of ECG morphology from 30 subjects was tested for distinguishing states between exercise and relaxation in terms of side lengths, lengths of high lines, angles, perimeters and areas of triangle QRS and triangle T. As a result, 4 characters from triangle QRS had significant differences (t test, p<0.05) for over 85% of subjects in distinguishing between exercise states and relaxation states, which were: ratio of QR side length to RS side length in triangle QRS, angle S and angle Q, as well as the ratio between them. Moreover, ratio of angle S to angle Q had significant differences (t test, p<0.05) for all subjects. In conclusion, triangle characters in ECG could be used to distinguish exercise states from relaxation states.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(AHCM)is a subtype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Due to its location,the thickening of the left ventricular apex can be missed on echocardiography.Giant negative T waves(GNTs)in left-sided chest leads are the hallmark electrocardiogram(ECG)change of AHCM.CASE SUMMARY The first patient was a 68-year-old woman complaining of recurrent chest tightness persisting for more than 3 years.The second was a 59-year-old man complaining of spasmodic chest tightness persisting for more than 2 years.The third was a 55-year-old woman complaining of recurrent chest pain persisting for 4 mo.In all three cases,GNTs were observed several years prior to apical cardiac hypertrophy after other causes of T-wave inversion were ruled out.CONCLUSION Electrophysiological abnormalities of AHCM appear earlier than structural abnormalities,confirming the early predictive value of ECG for AHCM.
文摘Glucose metabolism is essential for heart physiology, especially in ischemic conditions. Anaerobic glycolysis participates along with aerobic fatty acid oxidation in generating energy supply, and the balance is shifted towards fatty acids. In the case of aerobic path restriction due to coronary artery disease (CAD), this ratio changes. The aim of the present research was to discover the aspects of glycolysis in cardiac electrophysiology.?We utilized the normalized (by average value) T wave amplitude deviation values, named the G criterion,?from high-resolution, 12-channel, 120-seconds-long electrocardiograms,?which were obtained using DACG technology. The calculated G criterion allows a quantitative assessment of the ischemic process and corresponds to the functional class (FC) according to the Canadian cardiovascular classification. We examined 22 healthy people and 79 proven CAD patients: 24 II FC, 40 III FC and 15 IV FC by original ECG and fasting blood sugar tests. A strong correlation was found between the average G criterion from all 12 channels and the level of fasting blood sugar (r = +0.88). In the control group, blood sugar levels were 91 ± 6.5 mg/dl, II FC 103 ± 14.8 mg/dl (p < 0.01), III FC 113 ± 23.4 mg/dl (p < 0.001), and IV FC 152 ± 42.4 (p < 0.001). Moreover, the correlation factor (average G criterion and blood sugar) was strong and positive in each group: control +0.72, II FC +0.83, III FC +0.76, and IV FC +0.89. For the first time, heart electrical activity from the ECG curve was associated with high glucose level as one of the main CAD risk factors. The presence of such dependence of increased blood sugar level from the severity of the ischemic process in the myocardium indicates that hyperglycemic reaction is adaptive and can accelerate the anaerobic glycolysis for energy demand compensation in heart muscle.
文摘Will exercise-induced cardiovascular workload be monitored by Electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform morphology? The discrimination ability of ECG morphology from 30 subjects was tested for distinguishing states between exercise and relaxation in terms of side lengths, lengths of high lines, angles, perimeters and areas of triangle QRS and triangle T. As a result, 4 characters from triangle QRS had significant differences (t test, p<0.05) for over 85% of subjects in distinguishing between exercise states and relaxation states, which were: ratio of QR side length to RS side length in triangle QRS, angle S and angle Q, as well as the ratio between them. Moreover, ratio of angle S to angle Q had significant differences (t test, p<0.05) for all subjects. In conclusion, triangle characters in ECG could be used to distinguish exercise states from relaxation states.
