Comparison of Biochemical Effects Induced by Changle between Male and Female Rats Using NMR and ICP-MS Techniques

Metabolic profiles caused by rare earth complex were investigated using NMR and ICP-MS techniques. Male and female Wistar rats were treated orally with Changle （A kind of rare earth complex applied in agriculture to raise the production of crops） at dose of 2, 5 and 20 mg·kg^-1 body weight/day respectively for 90 d. Urine and serum samples are collected on 90 d. The relative concentrations of important endogenous metabolites in urine and serum are determined from ^1H NMR spectra and the contents of the four rare earth elements （La, Ce, Pr and Nd） constituting Changle in the serum samples are measured by ICP-MS technique. Changle-induced renal and liver damage in rats is found based on the increase in the amounts of the amino acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, N, N-dimethyglycine, dimethylamine, succinate, α- ketoglutarate and ethanol as well as rare earth concentrations. The similarities and differentiations are found in the alteration patterns of metabolites and rare earth concentrations in serum.

Barrier Effect of Placenta Membrane of Pregnant Rat on Mixed Rare Earth Changle

To assess the potential health risks of mixed rare earths Changle for human embryo, whether it crosses placenta membrane or placenta barrier should be determined. In order to arrive at the aim placenta tissue was observed after contamination with optical and electron microscope to show distribution and destiny of mixed rare earth Changle in placenta tissue. Meanwhile the amount of rare earths in serum of pregnant rat, amniotic fluid and extract of embryo tissue were measured by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP MS). The rats were administered to 0 3, 2, 5 and 20 mg·kg -1 mixed rare earths Changle every day, respectively by oral from the 6th to 18th day after pregnancy. The results show that many particles are found in syncytiotrophoblast around capillaries of placental villi in contaminated groups under light microscope, and there are more particles following increased dose. It also was observed that some dense bodies with the envelope in placenta membrane and to difference extent damages the mitochondria crista within syncytiotrophoblast cytoplasm in contaminated groups under transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results of ICP MS assay indicate that the level of Ce increases with contamination dose in the serum of pregnant rats, and the level of total rare earth element remarkably rises in amniotic fluid and serum of pregnant rats for 20 mg·kg -1 group as compared with the control without change for the other groups.

Fuzhou Changle International Airport

The Fuzhou Changle International Airport, the largest international airport in China, was given approval to open to air traffic on June 23 by the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC).

Improved tilt-depth method for fast estimation of top and bottom depths of magnetic bodies

The tilt-depth method can be used to make fast estimation of the top depth of magnetic bodies. However, it is unable to estimate bottom depths and its every inversion point only has a single solution. In order to resolve such weaknesses, this paper presents an improved tilt-depth method based on the magnetic anomaly expression of vertical contact with a finite depth extent, which can simultaneously estimate top and bottom depths of magnetic bodies. In addition, multiple characteristic points are selected on the tilt angle map for joint computation to improve reliability of inversion solutions. Two- and three- dimensional model tests show that this improved tilt-depth method is effective in inverting buried depths of top and bottom bodies, and has a higher inversion precision for top depths than the conventional method. The improved method is then used to process aeromagnetic data over the Changling Fault Depression in the Songliao Basin, and inversion results of top depths are found to be more accurate for actual top depths of volcanic rocks in two nearby drilled wells than those using the conventional tilt-depth method.

高功率1.55μm半导体激光器

1 .55μm半导体激光器有很多突出的优点 ,但普通的双异质结激光器功率小 ,且对温度很敏感。本文将大光腔结构形式引入 1.55μmGaInAsP/InP半导体激光器中 ,用液相外延技术研制成功了脉冲峰值功率超过 2W的 1.55μmGaInAsP/InP半导体激光器。普通双异质结构激光器特征温度T0 为 50～ 70K[1] ;而本文研制的大光腔结构为 10 0～ 140K。激光器的寿命超过 10 0

Bioeffects of Rare Earth Complex on Rats Studied by NMR and ICP-MS Spectroscopy

The bioeffects of Changle, a rare earth complex on rats were investigated using NMR and ICP techniques. Wistar rats were administrated orally with Changle (a rare earth-containing fertilizer additive applied in agriculture to raise the production of crops) at doses of 2, 5 and 20 mg·kg^(-1) body weight/day respectively for 90 d. The urine of Changle-treated rats was collected at 45 and 90 d and serum samples were taken after 90 d. The relative concentrations of some important endogenous metabolites in biofluids were determined by ()~1H NMR spectra and the contents of the four rare earth elements (La, Ce, Pr and Nd) constituting Changle in the serum samples were measured by ICP-MS technique. Changle-induced renal and liver damage is demonstrated based on the increase in the amounts of the amino acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, N, N-dimethylglycine, dimethylamine, succinate, α-Ketoglutarate ethanol and the alteration of rare earth concentrations in serum.

Reservoir space and enrichment model of shale oil in the first member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Changling Sag, southern Songliao Basin, NE China

The lithology, lithofacies, reservoir properties and shale oil enrichment model of the fine-grained sedimentary system in a lake basin with terrigenous clastics of large depression are studied taking the organic-rich shale in the first member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation(shortened as Qing 1 Member) in the Changling Sag, southern Songliao Basin as an example. A comprehensive analysis of mineralogy, thin section, test, log and drilling geologic data shows that lamellar shale with high TOC content of semi-deep lake to deep lake facies has higher hydrocarbon generation potential than the massive mudstone facies with medium TOC content, and has bedding-parallel fractures acting as effective reservoir space under over pressure. The sedimentary environments changing periodically and the undercurrent transport deposits in the outer delta front give rise to laminated shale area. The laminated shale with medium TOC content has higher hydrocarbon generation potential than the laminated shale with low TOC content, and the generated oil migrates a short distance to the sandy laminae to retain and accumulate in situ. Ultra-low permeability massive mudstone facies as the top and bottom seals, good preservation conditions, high pressure coefficient, and lamellar shale facies with high TOC are the conditions for "lamellation type" shale oil enrichment in some sequences and zones. The sequence and zone with laminated shale of medium TOC content in oil window and with micro-migration of expelled hydrocarbon are the condition for the enrichment of "lamination type" shale oil. The tight oil and "lamination type" shale oil are in contiguous distribution.

Tectonic evolution of the Changling fault basin and its relationship to oil and gas accumulation

The Changling fault depression passed through three stages of evolution: a period of faulting, a period of subsidence, and an inversion period. The fault lifted the whole area and the formation was eroded during the late Yingcheng formation, the late Nenjiang formation, and the late Mingshui formation. The denudation quantity of eight wells located in the study area is estimated by the interval transit time method and by the formation trend extension method using seismic and drilling data. Inversion back stripping technology with de-compaction correction was used to restore the original sedimentary thickness step by step and to recover the burial history at a single well. Two profiles were selected for the recovery and study of the tectonic evolution. The study confirmed that the primary major gas bearing structure formed due to thermal shrinkage lifting during the late Yingcheng formation. Successive development in a pattern during the late Mingshui formation led to the formation of the primary gas pool. Vertical differential uplift during the late Nenjiang formation formed the Fulongquan structure during the late Paleogene. At this same time a secondary gas pool formed. A large scale reverse developed late in the Mingshui formation that provided the impetus for formation of a secondary gas pool. It is thought that the migration and accumulation of oil and gas was controlled by lithologic character, fracture, and structure. The local uplift in the vicinity of the hydrocarbon recession is most conducive to the collection of hydrocarbon gas.

Geological Controls on Seismic indicators of Volcanic Gas Reservoirs:A Case Study from the Changling Fault Depression of Songliao Basin,China

The Songliao basin in northeast China is a Mesozoic rift basin characterized by Mesozoic and Cenozoic hydrocarbon systems.The Changling fault depression located in the south of the Songliao Basin,

A study on hydrocarbon generation potential of deep source rocks and gas sources in Changling Fault Depression,Songliao Basin

Through natural gas exploration in the Changling Fault Depression,abundant natural gas flows were obtained and high-quality source rocks were also reveiled.Based on bulk analyses,organic matter abundance,organic matter type and thermal maturity of the source rocks were studied systematically.At the same time,gas gener-ating intensity and gas generating quantity were quantitatively analyzed by using basin modeling technologies.The results indicated that gas source rocks of the Shahezi Formation are characterized by abundant organic matter and dark mudstone distributions and high-over thermal maturity.They possess high gas generating intensity with the biggest value surpassing 500×108 m3/km2,and large gas generating quantity,accounting from 74.40% of the total amount.The Yingcheng Formation has good gas-source rocks with moderate dark mudstone and relatively high organic matter.It has type-Ⅲ organic matter and low-over thermal maturity.The gas generating intensity is moderate,between 20×108 and 60×108 m3/km2.The gas generating quantity is 13.63% of the total amount.The Huoshiling Formation has relatively good source rocks with limited dark mudstone and low organic matter.It has type-Ⅲ kerogen and over-thermal maturity.The gas generating quantity is 7.10% of the total amount.The Denglouku Formation has poor-gas source rocks,and is characterized by undeveloped dark mudstone and low organic matter abundance.It has type-Ⅲ organic matter and low-high thermal maturity.Hydrocarbon gases in the Changling Fault Depression mainly originated from the Shahezi Formation,and secondarily from the Yingcheng Formation.The contribution of the Huoshiling Formation gas source rocks is relatively small.

Gas accumulation mechanism in Denglouku Formation of Changling fault depression, southern Songliao Basin, China

The Changling gas field is occurs in tight sandstone reservoirs of the Lower Cretaceous Denglouku Formation in the Changling fault depression,southern Songliao Basin,China,which constitutes a new gas-producing area in the depression. Using information on the source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage of the Denglouku Formation,fault activity,and single well burial history of well CS1,together with data on reservoir fluid inclusion and laser Raman spectroscopy,we described the formation of the Changling gas field and determine that this fault depression did not possess suitable conditions for hydrocarbon generation. Coal-derived methane generated from underlying hydrocarbon source rock accumulated in the Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation. At the end of the Late Cretaceous Qingshankou Stage,underwater volcanic eruptions occurred in the northern part of the Changling gas field near Qian'an,resulting in the reactivation of deep faults. Mantle-sourced inorganic CO2 migrated along faults to hydrocarbon gas reservoirs in volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng Formation; Meanwhile,displaced methane( hydrocarbon gas) migrated upward to sand reservoirs of the Denglouku Formation.The methane accumulated and formed secondary gas reservoirs,Therefore fault activity was the main factor controlling the generation of gas reservoirs in the Denglouku Formation. The main accumulation period of the Yingcheng hydrocarbon gas reservoirs was 82 Ma. Whereas gas reservoir formation in the overlying Denglongku Formation was 79 Ma,slightly later than the time of formation of the Yingcheng gas reservoir in CS1 well area.At 79 Ma,the burial depth of the Denglouku Formation was 1 800--2 000 m,the diagenesis is relatively weak and the physical properties of the reservoir are relatively favorable for accumulation. This period is not only at gas generation peak time of three sets of source rock but also at the reactivation of deep faults during the formation of fault-bound depressions,thereby providing favorable conditions for the migration and accumulation of methane.

Organic Geochemical and Fluid Inclusion Evidence for Filling Stages of Natural Gas and Bitumen in Volcanic Reservoir of Changling Faulted Depression,Southeastern Songliao Basin

Recently,volcanic gas reservoirs in Yaoyingtai （腰英台） and Daerhan （达尔罕） tectonic belts in Changling （长岭） faulted depression of southeastern Songliao （松辽） basin have been discovered.Based on the compositions and isotopic values,the natural gas is characterized by high content of methane,low content of C2＋,and C1/C1-5 beyond 0.95.Also,the natural gas contains nonhydrocarbons including carbon dioxide with the content from 20% to 40% and minor amount of N2.Combined with the isotopic values,the natural gas is generated by humic kerogen and coal-derived type,but in Daerhan,the natural gas is probably mixed by oil type gas.From the measurement of lithology and fluid inclusions in volcanic rocks,the bitumen,liquid hydrocarbon,and gas hydrocarbon inclusions are present.Through the analysis of the single gas inclusion in volcanic reservoir,the content of carbon dioxide is low,so the carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon gas of the reservoirs are not accumulated at the same time.In addition,minor amount of bitumen in the reservoirs is formed by thermal evolution of the crude oils sourced from the Yingcheng （营城） Formation mudstones through the characterizations of the biomarkers.The distribution of homogenization temperatures presents two peaks,one with the liquid hydrocarbon filling stage,and the other with gas filling stage.However,in Daerhan tectonic belt,the second peak is gas and carbon dioxide mixed filling period probably.Combined with the homogenization temperatures of salt water inclusions,the oil and gas filling period is from Qingshankou （青山口） Formation to Nenjiang （嫩江） Formation in the research area.During the charging period,minor amount of inorganic carbon dioxide filled into the trap,but plenty of inorganic carbon dioxide from the end of Sifangtai （四方台） to Eogene periods was related with the structural movement.