Sedimentary architecture and distribution of intra-platform shoal in sequence framework of Permian Changxing Formation in central Sichuan Basin,SW China

Based on the comprehensive analysis of core, thin section, logging and seismic data, this study carried out the identification and comparison of Permian Changxing Formation sequences, clarified the typical sedimentary architectures of intra-platform shoal, investigated the vertical and horizontal development and distribution of intra-platform shoal in each sequence, and thus established the sedimentary evolution model of shoal body. The study results are reflected in four aspects.First, there are two complete third-order sequences(SQ1 and SQ2) in Changxing Formation in central Sichuan Basin. SQ1 is generally thick in the north and thin in the south, and SQ2 shows a thickness differentiation trend of “two thicknesses and three thinnesses”. Second, the Changxing Formation in central Sichuan Basin mainly develops intra-platform shoal, inter-shoal sea and intra-platform depression subfacies. In the vertical direction, the intra-platform shoal mainly presents two typical sedimentary sequences: stable superposed and high-frequency interbedded. Third, the stable superimposed sedimentary sequence is developed in the shoal belt at the edge of intra-platform depression, which is composed of two shoal-forming periods and located in the highstand systems tracts(HSTs) of SQ1 and SQ2. The high-frequency interbedded sedimentary sequence is developed in the southern shoal belt of intra-platform depression, which is composed of four shoal-forming periods and mainly located in the HST of SQ2. Fourth, during the SQ1 deposition, the intra-platform shoal was mainly developed at the edge of the intra-platform depression on the north side of the study area, and the inter-shoal sea subfacies was mainly developed on the south side. During the SQ2 deposition, the intra-platform shoal was widely developed in the area, forming two nearly parallel intra-platform shoal belts. The study results provide direction and ideas for exploration of Changxing Formation intra-platform shoal reservoirs in central Sichuan Basin.

Formation Mechanism of the Changxing Formation Gas Reservoir in the Yuanba Gas Field,Sichuan Basin,China

In a very gentle platform-margin paleogeographic environment, platform-margin reef flat facies carbonate reservoir rocks were developed in the Changxing Formation of Yuanba field. Later weak structural evolution and diagenetic evolution caused the Changxing Formation to form lithologic traps, with good reservoirs such as dissolved bioclastic dolostone and dissolved pore dolostone. The Changxing Formation gas reservoir is a pseudo-layered porous lithologic gas reservoir under pressure depletion drive, with high H2S and moderate CO2 contents. This paper predictes that the conducting system for the Changxing Formation gas reservoir is possibly composed of the pores and microfractures in the Changxing Formation reservoir, the top erosional surface of the Changxing Formation, as well as the micropores and microfractures in the underlying formations. The Changxing Formation reservoir has experienced 3 hydrocarbon charging stages. This paper suggests that diffusion is the major formation mechanism for this gas reservoir. In the Middle and Late Yanshanian, the Yuanba area entered the major gas charging stage. The gas migrated mainly through diffusion and with the assistance of seepage flow in small faults and microfractures from the source rocks and the other oil-bearing strata to the Changxing Formation carbonate reservoir rocks, forming lithologic gas pools. In the Himalayan Epoch, the lithologic traps were uplifted as a whole without strong modification or overlapping, and were favorable for gas preservation.

Geochemical characteristics and diagenetic systems of dolomite reservoirs of the Changxing Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin, China

In order to discuss the relationship between dolomite reservoirs and diagenetic systems of the Changxing Formation, we studied carbon, oxygen and strontium stable isotopes, iron, manganese and strontium trace elements and the Mg/Ca （mol%） ratio, dolomite order degree, and determined that burial dolomitization is the key to controlling the distribution of high quality dolomite reservoir in the Changxing Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin. The dolomite of the Changxing Formation is divided into four diagenetic systems： （1） penecontemporaneous stage syngenetic brine diagenetic system, （2） early diagenetic stage strata seal brine diagenetic system, （3） middle-late diagenetic stage mixed hot brine diagenetic system and （4） tectonic uplift stage mixed hydrothermal fluid diagenetic system. New understanding of the controlling factors and distribution of dolomite reservoir development is discussed. Reef shoal facies belts controlled regional reservoir distribution and the scale of development. Burial dolomitization of a strata seal brine diagenetic system is the foundation of reservoir development, mainly developing pore reservoir. Burial dolomitization of mixed hot brine diagenetic system expanded the reservoir distribution and improved the reservoir quality, mainly developing pore-vug reservoir. Fracturing and dissolution of a mixed hydrothermal fluid diagenetic system is the key to improving the reservoir quality, mainly developing pore-vug-crack complex reservoirs.

Geochemical characteristics of the Permian Changxing Formation reef dolomites,northeastern Sichuan Basin,China

The recent discovery of deep and ultra-deep gas reservoirs in the Permian Changxing Formation reefs, northeastern Sichuan Basin is a significant development in marine carbonate oil ＆ gas exploration in China. Reef dolomites and their origins have been major research topics for sedimentologists and oil ＆ gas geologists. The petrography, trace element and isotope geochemistry of the reef dolomites indicated that the dolomites are characterized by low Sr and Mn contents, relatively low Fe contents, very similar δ13C and 6180 values and very different 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Although the calculated results of the fluid mixing suggested that a mixture with 85%-95% meteoric water and 50/o- 15% seawater seemed to be the dolomitizing fluids of the reef dolomites, the low Mn contents, relatively low Fe contents, high δ13c values and high homogenization temperatures of the dolomites did not support that there were large proportions of meteoric water in the dolomitization process, and the 87Sr/86Sr ratios which were close to coeval seawater also did not support the possibility of the mixture of deep-burial circulated fluids from clastic rocks. High temperature deep-burial circulated seawater with low Mn and Fe contents, high Sr content and high δ13C values from the dissolution of widely distributed Triassic evaporites during the burial diagenetic processes （including dehydration of water-bearing evaporites） could have been the dolomitizing fluids of the reef dolomites.

Prestack inversion identification of organic reef gas reservoirs of Permian Changxing Formation in Damaoping area, Sichuan Basin, SW China

Organic reef reservoirs in the platform margin of Kaijiang-Liangping trough in Damaoping area, Sichuan Basin are thin in single layer, fast in lateral variation, and have small P-impedance difference from the surrounding rock, it is difficult to identify and predict the reservoirs and fluid properties by conventional post-stack inversion. Through correlation analysis of core test data and logging P-S wave velocity, this work proposed a formula to calculate the shear wave velocity in different porosity ranges, and solved the issue that some wells in the study area have no S-wave data. AVO forward analysis reveals that formation porosity is the main factor affecting the variation of AVO type, the change of water saturation cannot affect the AVO type, but it has an effect on the change range of AVO. Through cross-plotting analysis of elastic parameters, it is found that fluid factor is a parameter sensitive to gas-bearing property of organic reef reservoir in the study area. By comparing results of post-stack impedance inversion, post-stack high frequency attenuation property, pre-stack simultaneous inversion and AVO anomaly analysis of angle gathers, it is found that the gas-bearing prediction of organic reef reservoirs by using fluid factor derived from simultaneous pre-stack inversion had the highest coincidence rate with actual drilling data. At last, according to the characteristics of fluid factor distribution, the favorable gas-bearing area of the organic reef reservoir in Changxing Formation was predicted, and the organic reef trap at the top of Changxing Formation in Block A of Damaoping area was sorted out as the next exploration target.

The Geochemical Characteristics of Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope and Analysis of Diagenetic Environment --A Case Study of Upper Permian Changxing Formation Dolostone in Northeast of Sichuan

四川盆地东北部上二叠统长兴组白云岩为重要的优质储层,近年来,长兴组白云岩成岩环境或成因问题成为研究者讨论的热点话题。在岩石学研究的基础上,运用稳定碳、氧同位素,对研究区长兴组白云岩进行综合研究表明,白云石化具有多期次的特点,按照成岩环境划分为蒸发环境下的准同生白云岩和埋藏条件下的早、中、晚期成岩白云岩。并划分为早、中、晚成岩阶段,结合碳、氧同位素分析结果进一步表明晚成岩阶段白云岩是构造热液白云石化的结果。

Reservoir Prediction Restricted by Sequence Stratigraphy--A Case Study of Bioclastic Shoal Reservoir in Changxing Formation of Jiannan Area

Bioclastic shoal reservoir in Changxing Formation of Jiannan area is characterized by small thickness and strong heterogeneity. The uncertainty of the reservoir distribution pattern has confined the effective development of this area, so the accurate bioclastic shoal reservoir prediction would be the key to achieve development breakthroughs. Based on drilling, well-log, seismic and core analysis data, this article conducted exquisite sequence stratigraphic classification and established isochronal regional stratigraphic framework of Changxing Formation in Jiannan area. The reservoir seismic corresponding features were determined by exquisite calibrating bioclastic shoal reservoir in Changxing Formation. Therefore, seismic processing methods, such as multiple attribute analysis and amplitude inversion, were applied to attain more reliable reservoir prediction results, which indicated the distribution of vertical reservoir in SSQ2, the IV sequence order and the distribution of horizontal reservoir around Well J43 and JZ1 in the platform margin of the study area.

四川盆地五百梯地区长兴组古地貌恢复及地震预测

四川盆地五百梯地区长兴组地层分布范围广、勘探潜力大,但存在礁滩储层厚度薄、礁滩体刻画难、演化规律不明显、非均质性强等问题,增加了储层预测的多解性。对此,从生物礁岩石学特征及储层特征研究出发,提出了生物礁储层的纵向发育规律和部位,并利用生物礁储层的地震异常特征,刻画礁滩体优质储层横向展布特征,并重点分析了古地貌对礁滩储层发育特征的关键性控制作用,最后结合古地貌恢复及储层反演等方法,对礁滩储层进行综合评价,并总结形成了长兴组礁滩体储层地震识别模式,降低了礁滩储层预测的多解性。研究发现,长兴组沉积前已形成了海槽雏形,长兴组早中期形成了台缘及台内二排礁区域高地貌基本格局,到长兴组沉积末期海槽特征明显,古地貌高部位是储层发育的最有利区域,优势储层主要集中在台缘外带及台内二排礁局部区域,该认识为四川盆地长兴组台内礁勘探提供了重要的依据及借鉴意义。

板桥区块长兴组不同储层类型及其勘探潜力评价

本文利用岩心、薄片、测井等资料按照不同的分类方法对板桥区块长兴组储层类型进行了划分。按照是否有造礁生物,划分为生物礁储层和生屑滩储层;按照起主导作用的储集空间类型划分为裂缝-孔隙型和孔隙-裂缝型储层。结合不同储层类型典型井的试油及生产情况,分析其勘探潜力,得到以下认识:(1)生物礁储层物性好,储层厚度大,累产气量大,含气性比生屑滩储层更好,勘探潜力更大。生屑滩储层孔隙度普遍较低,只有在裂缝较发育时,可获得较大的勘探潜力。(2)裂缝-孔隙型储层的含气性比孔隙-裂缝型储层更好,勘探潜力更大,即使测试产量不高,但累产气量大,生产效果好;而孔隙-裂缝型储层由于孔隙度低,储层致密,即使初始测试产量较高,但稳产能力不足,后期生产效果不好。

Effects of Intracratonic Strike-slip Fault on the Differentiation of Carbonate Microfacies: A Case Study of a Permian Platform Margin in the Sichuan Basin(SW China)

In intracratnoic basins, the effect of strike-slip faults on sedimentary microfacies is generally underestimated due to their small scale. Based on the integration of core, well logs, and three-dimensional seismic data, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the Permian carbonate platform and strike-slip faults in the southwestern Kaijiang-Liangping trough of the Sichuan Basin. The relationship between strike-slip faults and Permian carbonate microfacies is investigated. The results reveals the existence of a NW-trending strike-slip fault zone along the platform margin, exhibiting clear segmentation. The western side of the study area exhibits a rimmed platform margin characterized by type I reefs, which corresponds to the presence of a large-scale strike-slip fault zone. In contrast, the eastern side is characterized by a norimmed and weak rimmed platform margin, accompanied by type II reefs, which align with smaller strike-slip fault zones. It was found that the strike-slip fault had some effects on the platform and reef-shoal complex of the Permain Changxing Formation. First, the platform was divided by strike-slip fault into three segments to show rimmed, week rimmed and norimmed platform. Second, reef-shoal complex devolped along the faulted high position in the strike-slip fault zone, and separated by faulted depression. Third, strike-slip faults can offset or migrated the reef-shoal complex and platform margin. Additionally, the thickness of the platform margin varies across strike-slip fault zone, which is related to the activity of strike-slip faults. The strike-slip faults affect the microfacies by controlling the pre-depositional paleotopography. This case suggests that the strike-slip faults play a crucial role in the diversity and distribution of carbonate microfacies in the intracratonic basin.

川东地区新钻区块礁滩沉积模式及有利相带——以板东南缘上二叠统长兴组为例

近年来,四川盆地东部武胜-石柱台内洼地两侧上二叠统长兴组礁滩气藏勘探开发不断突破,卧龙河南缘地区3口生物礁钻井已获天然气近5×10^(8)m^(3),与其相邻的板东南缘长兴组也发现大面积相同的礁滩地震异常体,但其“亚平行层状反射”特征与典型的生物礁地震响应特征具有明显差异,由于该区块钻井少(仅板东18井1口井),研究程度较低,对于该异常体是礁还是滩的地质认识仍然模糊不清。因此,亟待建立本区的沉积模式,为下一步的勘探部署提供理论依据。在对比分析卧龙河南缘及广安高带地区的薄片、测井曲线及地震资料的基础上,结合正演及古地貌分析,开展了本区沉积储层模式及有利相带预测的研究。结果表明:①板东南缘地区长二段岩性以生屑灰岩为主,长三段见生物礁灰岩,认为板东南缘地区具有生物礁和生屑滩纵向叠置发育的条件;②板东南缘台洼边缘前端长顶上隆、振幅减弱、内部断续及空白反射为生物礁的响应特征,台洼边缘后端长顶上隆、振幅减弱、内部亚平行层状反射为礁滩叠置体的响应特征;③恢复了长兴组古地貌,预测了礁滩体有利相带共8.8km^(2);④通过与邻区的井震对比及正演分析,建立了本区台洼边缘前端生物礁、台洼边缘后端礁滩叠置体的沉积模式。板东南缘地区长兴组礁滩沉积模式的建立对台洼礁滩气藏的勘探开发具有重要的指导意义。

四川仪陇—平昌地区长兴组-飞仙关组层序地层及沉积演化

四川仪陇—平昌地区,特别是环开江-梁平海槽区域的长兴组—飞仙关组蕴藏着大量油气资源,但其三级层序划分方案有待统一。基于最新的钻井岩心、测井、野外露头资料综合分析,识别出岩性岩相突变界面及局部暴露不整合界面2种Ⅱ型层序界面,将仪陇—平昌地区的长兴组-飞仙关组划分为4个三级层序,建立了层序地层格架。该区目的层主要发育典型的镶边台地沉积体系,至晚期海槽消失,发育陆表海型台地体系开阔台地及蒸发台地。长兴组沉积期,开江-梁平海槽范围逐渐扩大,高位域是生物礁发育的有利阶段,由于SQ2晚期海平面急速下降,其生物礁规模较SQ1时期有所减小;飞仙关组沉积早期海平面快速上升,鲕粒滩难以形成,随后进入整体海退阶段,至SQ3高位域时期,鲕粒滩连片发育。层序划分方案与礁、滩储层发育特征匹配,能够应用于下一步油气勘探。

四川盆地蓬溪-武胜台凹西侧长兴组成藏主控因素

蓬溪-武胜台凹为开江-梁平海槽同期构造产物,其两侧的油气勘探一直未取得较大突破,成藏特征认识也不够清晰。文中在系统梳理烃源岩、储层、构造等成藏条件基础上,结合最新钻探成果,开展了成藏主控因素研究。结果表明,长兴组成藏具有3个基本条件,即多套优质烃源岩的发育,规模发育的礁滩储层,通源断层提供的油气垂向进入长兴组的通道。长兴组油气富集规律取决于2个要素:1)源储匹配。源储匹配不佳决定了长兴组未能大规模成藏,多套烃源岩中仅筇竹寺组在生、排烃期上与断层活动期的匹配较好,其余烃源岩对长兴组供烃有限;由于延伸至长兴组的断层较少,源储间有效通道缺乏又进一步导致了气源不足。2)生物礁滩储层发育状况。生物礁滩储层的连续发育促成了垂侧向复合输导体系的形成,在此基础上有限的烃类会逐步向斜坡高部位运移聚集,气水分布受构造影响较大,非“一礁一藏”。据此研究结果,优选了4个勘探有利区。

深层碳酸盐岩沉积微相决策树测井识别方法

深层海相碳酸盐岩储层是油气勘探开发的重要领域,沉积微相识别与划分是开展储层精细描述的基础与关键。为建立以测井资料为基础的复杂礁滩相碳酸盐岩储层沉积微相自动识别方法,以元坝长兴组礁滩相储层为例,结合常规测井、电成像测井及地质资料,明确不同微相的测井响应特征,建立涵盖不同沉积微相岩石物理与测井曲线形态差异的智能识别样本集。针对现有C4.5决策树算法在缺失属性样本分类问题中表现出的建树结构复杂、精度低等问题,提出一种基于贝叶斯原理的适用于缺失值问题的决策树新方法,降低了建树的不确定性,提高了运算效率。经7口井检验,沉积微相识别符合率达到90%以上,新方法丰富并完善了深层海相碳酸盐岩储层勘探开发技术体系,为利用测井资料开展复杂礁滩相碳酸盐岩沉积微相划分提供可靠依据。

Platform Edge Reef and Bank Structure and Depositional Model of Changxing Formation in Panlongdong Section,Xuanhan,Northeastern Sichuan

The Changxing （长兴） Formation has two sequences （sql and sq2） in the Panlongdong （盘龙洞） Section, Xuanhan （宣汉）, northeastern Sichuan （四川）. It belongs to the platform edge facies belt, rich in reefs and banks, which were developed in the highstand system tract （HST） of sql and sq2, respectively. During third-order relative sea level dropping, the platform edge reef bank were mainly developed in the overall progradation parasequence sets. The platform edge reefs were developed in three phases, while platform edge banks in two phases. Outcrop observation and microscopic identification for platform egde reefs and banks in the section show that the three-phase-reefs are all composed of reef base and reef core, with string of tube sponge as the major reef-building organisms and fiber sponge, hydrazoan and bryozoans as the minor, while the reef-attached organisms mainly being fo- raminifera, brachiopod, echinoderm and ostracod. The first-phase-reef rock type is baffling reefs, the second phase baffling reefs and framework reefs assembles, the third phase framework reefs. Typically, the second phase reefs were developed with the maximum sedimentary scale and thickness, with the most abundant reef-building organisms and reef-attached organisms, showing best physical properties for reservoirs. The platform edge banks mainly consists of gravel debris and ooide grains, mostly dolomized. The dolomitizition in the second phase was relatively intense, favoring good reservoirs.

Seismic Sedimentology Study in the High-Resolution Sequence Framework——A Case Study of Platform Margin Reef-Beach System of Changxing Formation,Upper Permian,Yuanba Area,Northeast Sichuan Basin,China

The Yuanba （元坝） area is considered another potential large-scale reef-bank gas field following the Puguang （普光） field. However, there are lots of difficulties on the spatial and temporal distribution of reef-beach and the detailed prediction of the effective reservoir in the sequence stratigraphic framework. In this paper, based on the seismic data, well, log and core, we conduct a high-resolution sequence division and build an isochronal sequence stratigraphic framework for the Changxing （长兴） Formation by the methods of wavelet transformation, FMI, etc.. Then, the corresponding relationship among the lithologic facies, logging facies, seismic facies, seismic attribute facies and reservoir of Changxing Formation were established through well-seismic calibration and geological-geophysical modeling. Furthermore, detailed study on the spatial and temporal distribution of microfacies of the reef-beach was carried out by means of seismic attribute extraction. Meanwhile,combined with impedance inversion, the spatial distribution of porosity of reef-beach reservoir was predicted. The results show that the revolution of the reef-beach system contains three stages which are initial bioclastic bank establishment stage, reef development stage and exposure stage. Also, porosity inversion shows that the region with high value of porosity is located in the reef cap, fore reef and back reef.Seismic Sedimentology Study in the High-Resolution Sequence Framework

Reef Types and Sedimentation Characteristics of Changxing Formation in Manyue-Honghua Section of Kaixian,Northeastern Sichuan Basin

In Changxing （长兴） stage, Manyue （满月）-Honghua （红花） Section of Kaixian （开县）, northeastern Sichuan （四川） Province was located in the platform-margin slope, which was the advantage area of reef-shoal depositional system developing. The strata of Changxing Formation are continuously exposed on both Honghua Section and Manyue Section. Four and two depositional cycles ean be identified in Honghua Section and Manyue Section, respectively. They are all platform-margin reef-shoal deposits. Their lithologic associations have obvious sequence, which is as follows： micrite bioclast limestone, bafflestone, bindstone, framestone, and bioclast limestone, in order from below. The paleontological assemblages are controlled by water depth and genetic facies. Six paleontological as- semblages can be identified in Honghua Section and Manyue Section; they are coral-calcareous algaecalcareous sponge assemblage, calcareous sponge-calcareous algae assemblage, calcareous spongecalcareous algae-coral-bryozoan assemblage, calcareous sponge-calcareous algae-hydra assemblage, calcareous sponge-calcareous algae-hydra-bryozoan assemblage, and calcareous sponge-calcareous algae-hydra-bryozoan-coral assemblage. The study of lithologic associations and paleontological assemblages indicates that the water body shallowed upward in both the growth cycle of a single reef and the higher-grade depositional cycle. According to the water depth types of reef （bioherm） developing, three different reef-shoal depositional systems can be identified in study area： deep-water-type bioherm, transitional-type reef （bioherm）, and more shallow-water-type reef.

Oxygen Isotope Clue to Migration of Dolomitizing Fluid as Exampled by the Changxing Formation Dolomite at Panlongdong, Northeastern Sichuan

The Upper Permian Changxing dolomite reservoirs serves as one of the most important gas and oil reservoirs in the NE Sichuan Basin. Determining the dolomitizing fluid＇s pathway is regarded as the key to solve the ＂dolomite problem＂ and further petroleum exploration. Outcrop samples from Upper Permian Changhsingian Panlongdong Section were studied using oxygen isotopic analysis, cathodoluminescence（CL） and major element analysis, in an attempt to determine the migration path way and properties of the dolomitizing fluid. Of the Changxing dolomite, the δ18O values ranged from-3.494‰ to-5.481‰, which decreased from the top layer to the bottom in the section; the MgO contents varied from 9.24% to 21.43%, CaO contents from 28.65% to 39.87%, the CaO/MgO ratio from 1.40 to 4.31 and the Mn O contents from 0.004% to 0.009 8%. The Mg O contents showed a downwardly decreasing trend in the section, while the Ca O/Mg O showed an opposite rule. All of the dolomites looked dull or dark when they were exposed to the electron beam of the cathodoluminescence device. None of the fine-to medium grained dolomite showed a banded structure. Given that dolomitizing fluid＇s salinity decreased during the dolomitization process in its pathway, we concluded that the dolomitizing fluid migrated downwardly in Changxing Formation after excluding the possibility of deep burial or meteoric-marine mixing-water influences. As the dolomitizing fluid＇s pathway has always been difficult to be determined in highly dolomitized Formation, this study showed an important application of oxygen isotope values in resolving this problem.

四川盆地元坝气田长兴组古原油的运移方向与聚集特征

元坝气田的长兴组天然气主要为原油裂解气。研究古原油的运移方向与聚集特征,对于分析从古油藏到现今气藏的演化过程以及揭示现今气-水界面的分布特征,从而指导元坝气田及邻区的天然气勘探与开发具有重要意义。本文利用流体包裹体确定了古原油的充注时间,恢复了原油充注期的储层顶面构造形态,并以此为基础模拟了古原油的运移路径;然后利用储层沥青的烷基二苯并噻吩类分子标志物示踪了古原油的运移方向;最后分析了古原油的聚集特征与油气藏的演化过程。结果表明:(1)长兴组储层发育较多的沥青包裹体,与之伴生的盐水包裹体的均一温度为110~130℃,结合地层埋藏史和温度演化史确定的古原油充注的时间为晚三叠世到早侏罗世;(2)古原油充注期的长兴组顶面形态继承了长兴组沉积期的顶面形态,台地边缘的礁滩处于相对高部位,而礁后滩处于相对低部位;(3)数值模拟显示古原油从台地边缘斜坡向台地边缘的礁滩圈闭侧向运移,储层沥青的烷基二苯并噻吩比值也沿着运移方向逐渐降低,表明古原油具有侧向运移特点;(4)位于相对高部位的台地边缘礁滩圈闭的古原油充满度高,而位于相对低部位的礁后滩圈闭的古原油充满度低。综合来看,元坝气田的古原油具有近源充注、在相对高部位的台地边缘礁滩圈闭聚集的特征;对经历高热演化的古油藏而言,烷基二苯并噻吩类化合物在古原油的运移方向示踪方面具有一定潜力。

川中二叠系长兴组层序格架内台内滩沉积构型与分布规律

基于岩心、薄片、测录井及地震资料的综合分析,开展川中二叠系长兴组层序识别与对比,明确台内滩的典型沉积构型,系统研究各层序台内滩的纵横向发育规律,进而建立滩体的沉积演化模式。研究表明:(1)川中地区长兴组发育两个完整三级层序,SQ1层序整体为北厚南薄,SQ2层序呈“两厚三薄”的厚度分布特征。(2)川中地区长兴组发育台内滩、滩间海和台内洼地亚相,台内滩在垂向上主要发育稳定叠加型和高频互层型两种典型沉积序列。(3)台洼边缘滩带发育稳定叠加型沉积序列,由两个成滩期构成,分别位于SQ1和SQ2层序的高位域;台洼南侧滩带发育高频互层型沉积序列,由4个成滩期构成,主要位于SQ2层序的高位域。(4)SQ1层序沉积时期,台内滩主要发育在研究区北侧的台洼边缘,南侧整体为滩间海亚相;SQ2层序沉积时期,台内滩在区内广泛沉积,形成两个近于平行的台内滩带。研究结果为川中地区长兴组台内滩勘探提供了方向和思路。