The application of three-dimensional seismic spectral decomposition and semblance attribute to characterizing the deepwater channel depositional elements in the Taranaki Basin of New Zealand

In the past few years, three-dimensional（3-D） seismogram has become an essential tool for the interpretation of subsurface stratigraphy and depositional systems. Seismic stratigraphy in conjunction with seismic geomorphology has elevated the degree to which seismic data can facilitate geological interpretation, especially in a deepwater environment. Technologies such as time slicing and interval attribute analysis can enhance geomorphological interpretations, and, when integrated with stratigraphic analyses, can yield insights regarding distribution of seal and reservoir facies. Multiple attributes corendering can further bring out features of geological interest that other technologies may overlook. This method involves corender spectral decomposition components（SDC） with semblance attributes to describe the distribution of deepwater channel elements and the boundaries of deepwater sinuous channel. Applying this technology to four elements is observed：（1） point-bars,（2） migration of channel meander loops,（3） channel erosion/cut, and（4） avulsion. The planview expression of the deepwater channel ranges from low sinuosity to high sinuosity. Furthermore, this technology has enabled interpreters to visualize details of complex depositional elements and can be used to predict net-to-gross ratio in channel systems, which can be incorporated into borehole planning for exploration as well as development needs to improve risk management significantly. The technology is applied to the study area in an effort to illustrate the variety of interpretation technologies available to the geoscientist.

A NEW TYPE OF DISTRIBUTARY CHANNEL DEPOSITS IN COAL-BEARING STRATA OF NAYONG AREA, GUIZHOU PROVINCE

Considerable progresses in the sedimentologic studies of the anastomosing river models have been made in recent years. There are now many modern and ancient examples such as those described by Smith, Rust et al. Flores et al. But all examples are found in the alluvial plains and the intermontane basins. None is known reporting about the upper delta plain environment. However, this type of distributary channels

Superior material qualities and transport properties of InGaN channel heterostructure grown by pulsed metal organic chemical vapor deposition

Pulsed metal organic chemical vapor deposition is introduced into the growth of InGaN channel heterostructure for improving material qualities and transport properties. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging shows the phase separation free InGaN channel with smooth and abrupt interface. A very high two-dimensional electron gas density of approximately 1.85 x 10^13 cm-2 is obtained due to the superior carrier confinement. In addition, the Hall mobility reaches 967 cruZ/V-s, owing to the suppression of interface roughness scattering. Furthermore, temperature-dependent Hall measurement results show that InGaN channel heterostructure possesses a steady two-dimensional electron gas density over the tested temperature range, and has superior transport properties at elevated temperatures compared with the traditional GaN channel heterostructure. The gratifying results imply that InGaN channel heterostructure grown by pulsed metal organic chemical vapor deposition is a promising candidate for microwave power devices.

Optimization of laser focused atomic deposition by channeling

Laser focused atomic deposition is a unique and effective way to fabricate highly accurate pitch standards in nanometrology.However,the stability and repeatability of the atom lithography fabrication process remains a challenging problem for massive production.Based on the atom-light interaction theory,channeling is utilized to improve the stability and repeatability.From the comparison of three kinds of atom-light interaction models,the optimal parameters for channeling are obtained based on simulation.According to the experimental observations,the peak to valley height of Cr nano-gratings keeps stable when the cutting proportion changes from 15%to 50%,which means that the channeling shows up under this condition.The channeling proves to be an effective method to optimize the stability and repeatability of laser focused Cr atomic deposition.

清水冲刷下顺直河道交错边滩演变过程试验研究

为进一步认识清水冲刷下顺直河道交错边滩的演变过程,基于长江中游典型边滩形态参数,采用概化水槽试验对不同流量条件下的交错边滩纵向、横向和平面冲淤变化进行了研究。结果表明:试验工况下,纵向上,沿程呈冲刷态势,流量越大,冲深越大(流量为215 L/s的深泓平均冲深约是流量为46.71 L/s的2.1倍),且大流量下深泓纵向比降变缓;横向上,边滩侧以冲刷为主,冲刷最大的位置在滩边附近,其它部位则呈冲刷—淤积—冲刷的变化规律(如流量为215 L/s时,2#断面边滩以外部分(0,2]h平均冲深约3.5 cm、(2,12]h平均淤高约0.5 cm、(12,21]h平均冲深约0.7 cm);平面上,边滩整体下移,变得细长,淤积主要发生在边滩下游1m范围内。此外,上游异岸边滩的存在初期会促使下游边滩淤积,而后加深下游边滩的冲刷,且对边滩坡脚影响最大。

中新世以来上印度扇水道-堤岸体系几何学特征及演化

以中新世以来上印度扇水道-堤岸体系为研究对象,利用高精度二维地震资料开展地震精细解释与几何学分析,刻画水道-堤岸体系几何学特征及时空演化过程,探讨中新世以来上印度扇发育演化主要期次及特征。结果表明,中新世以来上印度扇水道-堤岸体系可划分为中新世、上新世及更新世至今三大期次,整体表现出“单期水道-侧向迁移-扁长型”到“多期水道-垂向叠置-厚窄型”的演化特征。深入探讨中新世以来上印度扇水道-堤岸体系的几何学特征及演化可为重力流水道的沉积构型样式研究提供新的例证,并为深海油气勘探开发提供参考。

深水水道沉积动力学发展现状与展望

【目的】深水水道是沉积物“源-渠-汇”系统中的重要单元,其通过浊流将数十亿吨陆源碎屑物质输送到深水环境,已成为沉积动力学机制研究的热点和难点。【方法】通过回顾国内外深水水道沉积动力学机制的研究进展,对深水水道内流体性质、沉积充填特征和动力学机制等研究进行了总结。【结果和结论】(1)在明确浊流在不同研究领域特有分类标准的基础上,通过Re、Fr和Ri的介绍阐明了浊流流体动力学特性,进而分析了重力流流体形态、速度、密度和湍流结构。(2)水道内沉积颗粒开始运动需克服临界剪切力,其与颗粒直径、流体深度、颗粒密度或形状、泥沙表面粗糙度、颗粒粒度非均质性和沉积物黏性等相关;流体动力学机制对水道弯曲度、天然堤形成过程、沉积物分布和充填特征具有较好的指示意义。(3)直接观测、物理实验和数值模拟是水道沉积动力学研究的三种主要方法,阐明了每种方法在揭示水道内流体结构方面的贡献。(4)讨论了未来深水水道沉积动力学机制研究的热点领域。

荆江陈家湾—突起洲分汊段河道演变与趋势分析

三峡工程的运行极大减轻了荆江的防洪压力,同时改变了河段水沙条件,导致荆江持续发生剧烈冲淤变化。荆江陈家湾—突起洲段为典型微弯分汊河型,滩槽格局调整、主支汊易位将直接影响航道运行和防洪安排。基于三峡工程运行前后长系列水文与河道原型观测资料,揭示河段水沙变化与河床冲淤响应特征,分析河道形态尺度年际变化过程,总结河道演变规律及趋势。结果表明:三峡工程运行后,沙市站平均年输沙量下降85%,河床冲刷3.1亿m^(3)。以太平口—三八滩汊道段滩槽变化最为剧烈,主流走势由北转南。2011年后,三八滩与腊林洲边滩守护工程基本遏制了“太平口心滩南槽南靠、三八滩南汊北提”趋势,但该段河床随即再次调整,近期又表现出“南槽北扩、南汊南扩”的新情势。同时,由于三八滩南汊发育、北汊分流比降低,北汊长江大桥下的通航问题日益突显,如何解决碍航问题,仍需进一步开展研究。

黄河下游游荡河段高含沙洪水期输沙规律研究

黄河下游河床长期处于淤积抬升状态,其冲淤演变规律对于下游河道治理有着重要影响。因此,快速预测不同量级高含沙洪水各河段的冲淤量以及判断高含沙洪水期黄河下游游荡河段冲淤影响很有必要。根据1960—2021年54场高含沙洪水的实测水沙资料,分析高含沙洪水期黄河下游游荡河段下站输沙率与上站流量、含沙量、输沙率之间的相关关系并建立关系式,系统地研究高含沙洪水的输沙规律。结果表明,下站输沙率与上站输沙率存在极强的相关性,进一步按来沙系数分级得到高含沙洪水期的输沙率公式,能够很好地模拟冲淤过程,极大地提高了与实测水沙资料的贴合度。以小浪底水文站为黄河下游游荡河段的进口控制水文站,采用按来沙系数分级所求的输沙率关系式能够较准确推求花园口站、夹河滩站、高村站的输沙率,从而计算小浪底—花园口、花园口—夹河滩和夹河滩—高村河段的累计冲淤量。

黄河下游高村-孙口段冲淤变化及影响因素定量分析

为探究黄河过渡段河道滩槽演变规律,采用实测水沙和大断面数据,分析近年来高孙段河床冲淤、水沙条件和河床形态的演变,以年和汛期为时间尺度,用灰色关联度分析河槽冲淤量与水沙条件及河床形态的关联程度。结果表明,近年来高孙段以冲刷为主,汛期是年内输沙的主要时期;高村断面来沙系数可以分为波动减小(2002~2017年)和快速增加(2018~2019年)两大阶段,而河床形态中水力半径和宽深比变化趋势完全相反,糙率存在增大趋势;高村断面的水沙条件及河床形态与高孙段河道冲淤具有较高的关联程度,河床形态比水沙条件具有更高的相关性。

莱州湾凹陷馆陶组辫状河储层沉积特征

新近系馆陶组辫状河沉积具有较好的储集性能,是莱州湾凹陷重要的油气储层。国内外学者对于典型的辫状河沉积模式和储层特征进行了大量的研究,但针对砂泥岩不等厚互层的非典型辫状河沉积特征研究较少。文中针对渤海湾盆地南部莱州湾凹陷A油田馆陶组辫状河沉积特征及储层展布,开展了岩心观察、薄片鉴定、测井分析、压汞测试等研究,并在沉积模式研究的基础上结合地震技术手段对辫状河心滩砂体的平面展布进行了综合分析。研究表明:①研究区馆陶组发育远源砂质辫状河沉积;②储层类型主要包括心滩和辫流河道2种类型,其中心滩储层为优质储层,粒度粗,厚度大,物性好,具有高电阻率、高孔隙度、高渗透率、含油饱和度高、低泥质含量的“四高一低”特点;③结合地震属性研究,心滩储层平面展布范围广,是研究区开发的优势区域。该研究成果可为远源砂质辫状河储层评价及开发井位部署、剩余油分布研究提供借鉴作用。

南海东部深水浊积砂岩气藏储层精细描述与连通性研究

南海东部深水区油气资源丰富,深水重力流浊积砂岩展布复杂,砂体构型期次划分、构型单元叠置样式和连通关系直接制约气田的布井开发。以南海东部深水L气田为例开展研究,基于地震沉积学方法,运用沉积模式研究、复合水道体系构型及建模表征方法,开展了基于南海深水重力流复合砂体解剖,建立了本海域深水气田浊积水道复合砂体构型划分方案,开展了单期构型砂体空间演化和展布规律研究。研究成果表明:南海深水L气田浊积水道可划分为复合浊积体、复合水道和单一水道等3个级次,在气田内部平面上发育4条复合水道,纵向上发育2期河道,建立复合水道内部的沉积演化规律,明确了水道间的连通关系,并结合动态生产验证了连通关系的合理性,成功指导相邻B气田部署1口水平井,最高日产达130万方,生产效果较好。研究成果对推动周边气田开发及潜力勘探具有一定借鉴和启示意义。

高浓度掺杂非晶铟镓锌氧化物薄膜的态密度模型研究

针对背沟道刻蚀(Back Channel Etch,BCE)技术的非晶铟镓锌氧化物(a-IGZO)薄膜晶体管(Thin Film Transistor,TFTs),建立了一种高浓度掺杂态密度模型(High Concentration Doping Density Of States model,HCD-DOS model),并通过数值模拟研究态密度关键参数对器件性能的影响,以此揭示a-IGZO TFTs中制备工艺对导电沟道修复的物理机理.首先,采用结合强度较高的钼/铜双层结构作为栅/源/漏电极,引入BCE方法制备了底栅顶接触(BottomGate Top-Contact,BG-TC)TFTs.其次,建立了适用于BCE技术的a-IGZO TFTs的HCD-DOS模型.随后,基于TCAD(Technology Computer Aided Design)仿真器对态密度关键参数进行数值研究,结果表明,不同态密度参数对a-IGZO TFTs器件转移特性曲线、电学特性以及沟道内部电子浓度分布的影响有所差异.最后,基于HCD-DOS模型探索SiO_(x)钝化层沉积和N_(2)O等离子体处理对器件内部机理的影响.研究发现,N2O等离子体处理对态密度分布和沟道载流子浓度有显著影响,进而导致阈值电压正向漂移.

Sedimentary architecture models of deepwater turbidite channel systems in the Niger Delta continental slope,West Africa

This paper studied an architecture model of turbidite channel systems based on the shallow- layer high resolution 3D seismic information in the deepwater area in the Niger Delta continental slope, West Africa as a prototype model. Different types of channel systems were identified and the corresponding architecture models were established. The controlling factors, evaluation criteria and spatial distribution of different channel systems were analyzed. This study shows that turbidite channel systems of West Africa could be classified into three types; confined, semi-confined and unconfined, according to the condition of canyon and the levees on both sides. Oil one hand, along the transport direction, channel system evolves from confined to unconfined. Within channel systems, channel complexes, including two types of incised and enveloped, are the most important reservoir bodies. On the other hand, there is a channel complex evolution from incised to enveloped vertically. The geological factors exert impacts of different levels on the architecture of the turbidite channels in different sedimentary systems or even within the same system.

长江中游荆江河段河道深泓纵剖面时空演变规律

深泓线的演变规律对于揭示冲积河流河床演变与河势调整具有重要意义。为探明三峡水库蓄水运用后荆江河段深泓纵剖面的变化规律,基于2002—2020年173个观测断面的深泓高程资料,对比分析18年内深泓线高程的时空变化,并结合来水来沙情况剖析其变化原因。结果表明,2002年以来荆江河段河道深泓纵剖面普遍冲刷下切,2008年之后深泓高程下切幅度进一步加大,但在来水来沙较多时会出现回淤现象。2002—2020年上荆江枝城至新厂河段平均冲刷深度达4.62 m,下荆江河道冲淤交替频繁,然而上荆江相对冲淤强度为10%,小于下荆江,其主要原因是枝江河段河床组成为粗沙和卵石,在一定程度上限制冲刷的发展,下段为沙质河床,较易受到冲刷。

Case Study: Hydraulic Model Study for Abandoned Channel Restoration

Recently, a paradigm of river restoration is recognized as the importance of flood plan involving abandoned channel. Hence, effort which abandoned channel area by improvement project will become the territory of river area is trying. This study is a part of river restoration project. In this study, hydraulic model experiment and numerical simulation were performed to understand the flow characteristic and bed change for abandoned channel restoration. The target area of the hydraulic model was the midstream of the Hampyeong Stream (stream length: 1.3 km). Horizontal scale was 1/50 and vertical scale was 1/40. For numerical simulation, the FESWMS model was used. Cases of hydraulic and numerical models were frequency flood discharge (50 and 100 years) and channel formation discharge (100 m3/s and 120 m3/s). Flow characteristics were analyzed in fixed condition using hydraulic and numerical models. Bed change on abandoned channel restoration was analyzed on deposition trend using sediment supply from upstream in hydraulic model, and was compared with results of bed shear stress in numerical model. Results velocity profile and bed shear stress of numerical model were similar with trends of measured velocity and deposition of hydraulic model. The results of this study will be applied to restoration design of abandoned channels.

Mass transport deposits and processes in the north slope of the Xisha Trough,northern South China Sea

Triple mass-transport deposits （MTDs） with areas of 625, 494 and 902 km^2, respectively, have been identified on the north slope of the Xisha Trough, northern South China Sea margin. Based on high-resolution seismic reflection data and multi-beam bathymetric data, the Quaternary MTDs are characterized by typical geometric shapes and internal structures. Results of slope analysis showed that they are developed in a steep slope ranging from 5° to 35°. The head wall scarps of the MTDs arrived to 50 km in length （from headwall to termination）. Their inner structures include well developed basal shear surface, growth faults, stepping lateral scarps, erosion grooves, and frontal thrust deformation. From seismic images, the central deepwater channel system of the Xisha Trough has been filled by interbedded channel-levee deposits and thick MTDs. Therefore, we inferred that the MTDs in the deepwater channel system could be dominated by far-travelled slope failure deposits even though there are local collapses of the trough walls. And then, we drew the two-dimensional process model and three- dimensional structure model diagram af the MTDs. Combined with the regional geological setting and previous studies, we discussed the trigger mechanisms of the triple MTDs.

Investigation on the Deposition in an Excavated Trough at the East Shore of Jiaozhou Bay, China

Based on field investigations, this paper analyzes three types of harbour basinns and navigation channel excavated on seabed in Jiaozhou Bay, get a general rule of deposition for excavated trough, it found that pollution is one of crucial factors resulting in the deposition of the excavated trough in the east shore of Jiaozhou Bay. With these results, it predicted the annual deposition thickness for the excavated trough and disclosed the fact that it can't be deposited deadly during one storm. At the same time, with two-dimensional numerical model, it studied the effects of the excavated trough and the reclamation near shore on tidal cureent and said that the excavated trough can decrease the current velocity passing through the trough about 10- 15%, but only limited inside and near the trough and there are no effect on other regions; reclamation can cut off the pollution sources and no obvious effect on the currents of the Jiaozhou Bay. Connecting the deep trough and Cangkou tidal channel with a new excavated trough can improve the current conditions on the deep trough in some degree, but not great.

The Excitation Energy and the Entrance Channel Dynamics in Heavy Ion Collision at Intermediate Energy

The relationship between the energy storage and the entrance channel dyna-mics(i.e.incident energy,impact parameter,and collision system)is studied by usingthe BUU model.The effects of the mass asymmetry of the entrance channel on theexcitation properties of the compound systems are specially discussed.

Geologic-Geophysical Indicators of the Deep Structure of Zones of Geothermal Anomalies for Allocation of Channels of the Deep Heat and Mass Transfer

On the basis of the analysis of field thermogeochemical data along abnormal zones of a thermal stream in the Bukhara-Khiva, oil-and-gas region of the Turan (Tegermen, Chagakul, Shimoly Alat, Beshtepa) was succeeded to obtain important data on a deep structure of sites. Data of gas-chemical and geothermal observations show about confinedness of abnormal concentration of methane to zones of the increased values of the temperature field the measured values of temperatures (Tegermen Square and others). On geoelectric section mines 2-D of inversion of the MT-field depth of 4000 m are lower, among very high-resistance the chemogenic and carbonate deposits of the Paleozoic is traced the subvertical carrying-out abnormal zone. This zone is identified as the channel of a deep heat and mass transfer with which hydrocarbon (HC) deposits are connected. It is shown that electro-investigation when using a geophysical complex can and has to become “advancing” at exploration by oil and gas.