Virtual channel load-balanced routing algorithm for Torus networks

In order to improve the network performance furthermore, a routing algorithm for 2D-Torus is investigated from the standpoint of load balance for virtual channels. The 2D-Torus network is divided into two virtual networks and each physical channel is split into three virtual channels. A novel virtual channel allocation policy and a routing algorithm are proposed, in which traffic load is distributed to those three virtual channels in a more load-balanced manner by introducing a random parameter. Simulations of the proposed algorithm are developed with a SystemC-based test bench. The results show that compared with the negative first for Torus networks （NF-T） algorithm, the proposed algorithm can achieve better performance in terms of network latency and throughput under different traffic patterns. It also shows that a routing algorithm with load balance for virtual channels can significantly improve the network performance furthermore.

Two Algorithms of Power Loading for MCM System in Nakagami Fading Channel

We consider two non-iterative algorithms of adaptive power loading for multicarrier modulation (MCM) system, The first one minimizes the average power of the system transmitter and ensures the preset average bit-error rate, while the second reduces the average transmitting power subject to the given values of demanded bit-error rate and of the outage probability. The algorithms may be used for power-efficient management of the up-link in cellular communication, where mobile terminals use rechargeable batteries, or of the downlink in satellite communication with solar power source of a transponder. We present performance analysis of the adaptive MCM systems supported by computer simulation for the case of the m-Nakagami fading and additive white Gaussian noise in the forward and backward channels. Evaluation of the power gain of the proposed strategies and its comparison with uniform power loading shows that the gain depends on the fading depth and average signal to noise ratio in the system sub-channels.

Adaptive Bit Loading Scheme with Semi-Blind Channel Estimation for OFDMSystems

An adaptive bit loading and power-allocation scheme is proposed in order to augment the performance of the system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM）, which is based on the maximum power margin. Coinciding with the adaptive loading scheme, a semi-blind channel estimation algorithm using subspace decomposition method is proposed, which uses the information in the cyclic prefix. An initial channel state information is estimated by using the training sequences with the method of interpolation filtering. The proposed adaptive scheme is simulated on an OFDM wireless local area network（WLAN） system in a time-varying channel. The performance is compared to the constant loading scheme.

Chronic salt-loading downregulates large-conductance Ca^(2+)-activated potassium channel in mesenteric arterial smooth muscle cells from SD rats

Objective Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium(BKCa)channel modulates vascular smooth muscle tone.In the present study,we tested the hypothesis that salt,one of the factors which significantly influence blood pressure(BP),can regulate BKCa activity and then elevate blood pressure.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6 weeks were randomized into high salt diet group(HS)and control group,fed with high salt diet(containing 5% NaCl)and standard rat chow(containing 0.4% NaCl)respectively for 16 weeks.Tail systolic blood pressure(SBP),body weight(BW)and 24-hour urinary output were tested every 4 weeks.Content of urinary Na+ was detected using flame spectrophotometrical method.At the end of 16 weeks,all the rats were killed,the mesenteric arteries were obtained,and single mesenteric smooth muscle cells were isolated at once.The resting membrane potential(Em),the total potassium currents and the currents after perfusion with TEA solution of the cells were all recorded by whole cell patch clamp.The transcriptions of BKCa channel α and β1 subunits in mesenteric arterial vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC)of each group were calculated by real-time RT-PCR.Results There was no difference in SBP and BW at each stage between control group and HS group;the urinary Na+ level in HS animals was elevated significantly after 4 weeks.The negative values of Em in HS group VSMCs were reduced compared with those in the control group.Transcriptions of β1 subunit of BKCa channels were decreased in HS group,but α subunit transcriptions did not differ between the two groups.Whole cell potassium currents did not differ between HS and control groups,but BKCa currents of HS group VSMCs were lower than those of control group ones.Conclusion Even without elevating SBP,salt-loading can still modulate the expression and activity of BKCa channel in the mesenteric arterial VSMC and elevate vascular tone.

Sedimentation Processes at the Navigation Channel of the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Port, Nile Delta, Egypt

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) port is located at Abu Qir Bay on the northwestern coast of the Nile delta, Egypt. The port was constructed in 2004 to export liquefied natural gas worldwide. The offshore basins of this port including the turning and berthing areas (15-m depth) are connected to the deep water by a 15-m depth dredged channel that extends 4 km offshore. However, the navigation channel and its contiguous basins have experienced problematic shoaling that might affect the navigation activities of gas tankers. Sedimentation processes have been investigated by analyses of waves, currents, bathymetry, grain size of seabed and channel dimensions. Sedimentation rates are estimated using a developed numerical model. Sedimentation rate fluctuates between 0.048 × 106 m3/month and 0.388 × 106 m3/month, with an annual sedimentation rate of 1.977 × 106 m3/yr. The variance in the sedimentation rates between winter and summer resulted in increasing of current speed and direction flowing towards offshore. The sedimentation process is influenced by the temporal variability in the direction and intensity of the predominant waves, currents, orientation of navigation channel, basin breakwaters, seafloor morphology and sediment sources. Due to the geographic location of LNG port it lays within a sediment sink for sediments supplied from different alternating directions by several pathways, flowing towards the N-W, S-W, N-E, and S-E quadrants. Most of these currents components are substantially effective in transporting fine-grained sediment towards the navigation channel axis and contiguous basins. Together with these currents, the predominant NW and SE waves acting to agitate and stirrup sediments in the vicinity of the port, and thereby accelerating sedimentation rates.

An Improved Analytical Model for IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function under Finite Load

In this paper, an improved analytical model for IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) under finite load is proposed by closely following the specifications given in IEEE 802.11 standard. The model is investigated in terms of channel throughput under perfect and slow Rayleigh fading channels. It is shown that the proposed model gives better insight into the operation of DCF.

TA2纯钛薄板微流道液压成形工艺研究

双极板是氢燃料电池的重要部件之一,钛作为金属双极板基材有诸多优势,但钛的成形性能差、回弹较为严重,本文以0.1 mm TA2纯钛薄板微流道液压成形为研究对象,通过试验和有限元模拟相结合的方法研究纯钛微结构变形行为,分析工艺参数对微流道成形质量的影响规律,为液压成形钛双极板提供参考。建立了TA2纯钛薄板微流道液压成形的有限元模型,通过与试验件的轮廓及厚度分布验证有限元模型的准确性;研究了液体压力、加载速率和脉动加载对微流道成形的影响。结果表明,微流道液压成形过程中材料应变路径为平面应变,且上圆角位置最容易破裂;加载速率对微流道成形影响不大,随着加载速率的提高,成形深度略有下降,但是变化不大,仅有3%;脉动加载路径能够提高材料的流动变形能力,在均为临界破裂情况下,相比较线性加载路径成形深度有较高的提高,可达232.2μm,提高幅度为23%。

EVOLUTION OF RAPIDS OF CREEK MOUTH－BAR AT GEZHOUBA RESERVOIR AND THE IMPACTS ON NAVIGABLE CHANNEL IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER

Almost at every mouth of the tributary creek of the Three Gorges inthe Gezhouba Reservoir, the alluvial fans or alluvial cones formed the rapids, whichare called rapids of creek mouth--bar. They are composed of pebble bed load with d>20 mm. Based upon geological and geomorphological investigations, the authors detect that the pebble bed load at the Gezhouba Re3ervoir comes from two sources,namely, the region mainly with limestone and The region mainly with pyrolith, andtheir converging area is within the Gezhouba Project. percentages of the pebble bedload are calculated. The calculated result stows that, 65% of pebble bed load comesfrom the region mainly with limestone, and 93 % of the rapids of creek mouth--bar isdistributed in the region mainly with limestone. Considering the water level fluctuations, the rapids of creek mouth--bar can be divided into 3 types i. e. flood waterones, medium water ones and low water ones. Due to the rise of water level afterbuilding the Gezhouba Reservoir, the navigable channels in the area of rapids ofcreek mouth--bar within varied back water region are improved, taking up 50% of all12 rapids. But the rapids of creek mouth--bar in the tail region where the water levelrises less than 1 m, the conditions of navigable channels are little improved and evendeterioration, because of the continuous supply of pebble bed load. Therefore, thoserapids must be regulated before the completion of the Three Gorges Project.

复杂水力学条件下深水河道单壁钢围堰施工安全性:以清江河大桥1号承台钢围堰工程为例

目前针对单壁钢围堰施工过程荷载的取值,通常依靠现行规范中的线性荷载模式确定,无法真实反映受空间水力条件影响的围堰及承台施工受力情况。以清江河大桥单壁钢围堰工程为背景,综合考虑施工过程中围堰结构体系变化,提出了采用流体动力学与有限元相结合的改进荷载模式分析方法。将此方法与常规的基于现行规范荷载的有限元模拟方法进行对比,验证了该方法在复杂水力条件下对施工期单壁钢围堰结构受力安全的有效性。研究表明,在研究范围内,在混凝土受力方面,现有规范计算结果偏于不安全,其结果偏小约20%;而对于钢构件而言,位移结果比较接近,规范计算的环向次肋最大应力偏大约20%;利用大涡模拟(large eddy simulation,LES)湍流模型来模拟复杂河道水流条件,能够更好地反映空间复杂水流力对结构的影响。综上,研究成果有利于保障复杂水力条件下围堰结构施工安全,可为今后同类单壁钢围堰的设计和计算提供参考依据。

大型液压挖掘机双通道势能回收及负载平衡方法研究

为了解决气液平衡势能回收系统中蓄能器体积过大及“过平衡”和“欠平衡”等主机操控性问题,本文以大型液压挖掘机为研究对象,提出了一种由三腔室平衡缸、双蓄能器及风扇马达为主要构成的直/间接双通道动臂势能回收系统。该系统将原先的单蓄能器回收通道(单通道系统)变为双蓄能器回收通道(双通道系统),即,三腔平衡缸和蓄能器1构成直接回收通道,风扇马达和蓄能器2构成间接回收通道。一方面,通过间接调节变量风扇马达的压力可以避免蓄能器液压力和负载力之间的不平衡问题从而改善操控性;另一方面,利用双通道系统特性可以使蓄能器的工作压力设计具有灵活性并可大幅减小蓄能器体积。本文通过数学建模明确了风扇马达的控制规律,从而使双蓄能器提供的驱动力和负载力基本平衡。此外,通过参数分析获得了蓄能器参数配置规律从而使双蓄能器体积小于单通道回收系统中单个蓄能器的体积。为了验证以上理论分析结果,以70 t大型液压挖掘机为对象搭建了包含主泵、能量回收模块及机械结构在内的仿真模型,并将仿真结果和单通道系统的试验结果进行对比。结果表明,所提出的双通道系统可实现液压力和负载力的匹配并将蓄能器总体积减小50%以上。因此,所提出的系统可以在保留单通道系统优点的同时改善其对操控性的影响并节省装机空间,具有良好的推广应用前景。

不锈钢槽式预埋组件受拉性能研究

为研究不锈钢槽式预埋组件在拉力作用下的受力性能,首先对S-CAG-53/34、S-CBG-52/34两种不锈钢预埋槽道进行锚杆中心线和槽道跨中位置受拉静载试验.试验结果表明:不锈钢预埋槽道主要发生槽口卷边屈曲破坏.然后,采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立2种不锈钢槽式预埋组件的有限元模型,将数值模拟结果与试验结果对比,验证有限元模型的准确性和适用性.最后,建立50个足尺试件的有限元模型,研究槽口卷边厚度、槽道侧壁厚度、锚杆尺寸、锚杆间距以及相邻荷载对不锈钢槽式预埋组件受拉性能的影响.分析结果表明:增加槽道槽口卷边厚度、槽道侧壁厚度以及减少锚杆间距均能有效提高不锈钢槽式预埋组件的受拉承载力;增加槽口卷边及侧壁厚度会使槽道截面刚度提高,从而提高槽道跨中部位受拉承载力;减少锚杆间距使得槽道受弯承载力增加,从而提升槽道跨中部位受拉承载力.改变锚杆长度对槽道跨中位置受拉承载力的影响较小;在一定间距内同时施加多个荷载,会导致部分锚杆承受较高荷载,对槽道承载力产生影响,但这种影响随着锚杆间距减少逐渐降低.

基于EEMD和特征降维的非侵入式负荷分解方法研究

针对现有非侵入式居民用电负荷监测缺乏对独立负荷完整、全面的分解方法,导致用电信息的完整性得不到保证的不足,提出一种基于集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD)和Pearson-PCA改进的盲源分离算法。利用EEMD对总功率信号分解,以消除经验模态在分解过程中易出现模态混叠的现象,并得到一系列固有模式函数(intrinsic mode functions,IMF)。结合Pearson相关系数和主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA),提出Pearson-PCA改进算法对IMF进行降维,剔除相关性较弱的IMF分量,以及估计源信号数目。运用快速独立分量分析(fast independent component analysis,FastICA)对降维后的IMF进行分解,计算得出源功率信号。将提出的改进算法应用于非侵入式居民用电负荷分解问题,采用能量分解数据集(reference energy disaggregation data,REDD)进行实验仿真。实验结果表明:在不同用电场景下,提出的改进算法均具有较好的分解效果。

Ad Hoc网络SPMA接入协议研究

为了解决现有介质访问控制子层(Media Access Control,MAC)协议无法较好地满足Ad Hoc网络资源接入的需求,提出了一种统计优先级多址接入(Statistic Priority-based Multiple Access,SPMA)协议,该协议是一种无中心节点控制的随机接入协议,适合节点移动性强、拓扑频繁变化的场景。首先介绍了SPMA协议的运行机制,重点研究了SPMA协议的信道负载统计方法,提出了MAC层信道负载统计方法,与物理层脉冲统计方法相比实现更简单;其次分析了在多跳场景下存在的问题,提出了多跳信道负载统计方法,同时为了克服周期性统计方法带来的滞后性问题,引入了基于长短期记忆网络(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)的时间序列预测模型。实验结果表明,所提方法能够准确反映信道真实状态,提高网内节点信息传输的实时性和可靠性。

多通道双荷载六旋翼无人机动力输出优化控制

六旋翼无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)动力系统受到电池功能以及应用环境动态变化等因素的影响,导致动力输出的稳定性不好,为了克服这一问题,提出基于多通道双荷载动态输出调整的六旋翼无人机动力系统设计和控制方法。首先分析六旋翼无人机动力输入参数,以无人机电机电磁转矩、电机转速参数、输出功率损耗和效率等为优化变量,采用多线程动态相匹配和兼容性调制方法,建立无人机动力输出的多通道双荷载动态匹配和任务调度模型,并根据无人机组的任务覆盖半径实现动力的自适应寻优控制,降低额外输出开销,提高无人机生存时间周期。测试结果表明,所设计的无人机动力系统提高了搭载能力,能耗开销较小,动力输出的均衡性较好,提高了无人机的动力输出稳定性和飞行寿命。

电力应急通信网络信道负载率智能调控方法

针对传统电力应急通信网络信道负载率调控范围受限等问题,文章提出一种创新的信道负载率智能调控方法。利用无线网关协议计算信道负载率并优化数据采集过程,预分配处理信道负载率数据,通过负载状态字的位段和实际的信道负载情况确定信道负载状态字的输出格式后,利用近端策略优化(Proximal Policy Optimization,PPO)算法筛选调控要素,结合基于帧的处理(Base-Frame Processing,BFP)算法对信道负载率进行智能调控。实验表明,在应用该方法后,当信道负载率为72%时,电力应急通信网络信道负载率的可调控范围最大可达90%。

考虑节点负载的光纤通道多路数据混合传输方法

由于数据传输节点能量有限,易受到节点负载不均衡影响,无法选择有效的传输通道,因此节点存活率较低、时延较高。为此,提出了考虑节点负载的光纤通道多路数据混合传输方法。采用关键能量平均值计算方法,计算所有路由路径关键能量值,根据光纤通道整体能耗选择传输路径。通过可变边界的时间轴多路复用帧结构,建立初始传送路径,采用能量平衡法为多路径分配传输工作量,估算各路径所承载的数据传输量。充分考虑节点负载,计算从源节点到目标节点的路由能量消耗,避免了节点过量负载。采用时分复用与波分复用混合方式,实现光纤通道多路数据混合传输。实验结果表明,该方法最高时延达到0.5 s,节点存活率为0.96,能够有效实现光纤通道多路数据高质量混合传输。

工艺参数对7075铝合金室温等通道转角拉伸载荷的影响

为探讨拉伸载荷在等通道转角拉伸过程中的变化规律,以7075铝合金为研究对象,基于上限法推导圆柱试样等通道转角拉伸峰值载荷的解析式;利用载荷测量系统分析了7075铝合金拉伸载荷的分布特征,揭示了工艺参数对拉伸载荷变化和各阶段拉伸载荷峰值的影响。结果表明,等通道转角拉伸理论计算峰值载荷与实验峰值载荷的相对误差在10%以内,表明解析式具有较高的可信度;等通道转角拉伸载荷经历了弹性阶段(Ta)、屈服阶段(Tb)、稳定阶段(Tc)和卸荷阶段(Td),其中峰值载荷出现在弹性阶段的末尾;峰值载荷随着模具内角和外角的增大出现下降的趋势,但下降的幅度有所放缓;峰值载荷随着拉伸道次的增加而减小;拉伸路径对峰值载荷影响的顺序为路径C>路径B>路径A,并且第2道次的路径B在拉伸时会出现载荷失稳现象;高速拉伸对拉伸峰值载荷的影响不大,但在低速拉伸时拉伸载荷曲线会出现“爬行”抖动现象。

双通道打印下颌骨支架的有限元分析

许多动物实验均证实了对打印支架施加10%压缩应变刺激时更利于细胞的增殖。为了探究这一原因,采用有限元技术,对支架进行单轴压缩10%应变的仿真研究,得到了支架的整体支反力情况、支架各层应力分布以及支架各层位移分布。结果表明:当支架发生10%压缩应变时,支架各层受力范围在0.2~0.6 N,最大形变发生在支架第二层与第三层接触的线束上,此处线束发生了扭转变形。将有限元结果与支架力学实验结果做比较,发现仿真结果与实验结果吻合良好。

降雨和水位变化条件下排涝河道岸坡稳定性的数值研究

为了研究降雨和水位变化对排涝河道岸坡稳定性的影响,结合温州市鹿城区丰门河的水文地质资料和现场取样试验结果,利用有限元软件建立河道岸坡的数值模型,计算分析在降雨和排涝过程中岸坡的稳定性变化规律。研究结果表明:当岸坡土体的渗透性较小且岸坡周围有建筑遮蔽时,降雨对岸坡渗流场的影响主要取决于降雨时间而非雨型,整个过程中岸坡并未发生大幅渗流,河道水位和河道周围的建筑是影响河道岸坡稳定性的主要原因。水位越高时的岸坡稳定性越大,建筑距离河道越近、荷载越大时,岸坡的稳定性越小。虽然密集分布的建筑会降低岸坡的稳定性,但同时也减小了岸坡稳定性对水位变化的敏感度。在所有工况下,丰门排涝河道岸坡的稳定安全系数均大于临界稳定安全系数1.20,说明当前的岸坡处于安全状态,无需额外支护措施。