As one of the developing countries China has an arable land per capita far below the world’s average level. With a high-density population and the quick development of economy and urbanization, the Yangtze River Delt...As one of the developing countries China has an arable land per capita far below the world’s average level. With a high-density population and the quick development of economy and urbanization, the Yangtze River Delta shows the typical characteristics of land use in developed regions of China, which are: high land reclamation rate and low arable land per capita; intensive land use and high output value; and rapid increasing of construction land area and fast diminishing of arable lands. The analysis indicates that the process of the arable land changes in the Yangtze River Delta could be divided into four different change stages over the past 50 years.展开更多
The objective of this study was to establish the thermal characteristics of the lauric acid (95% purity) as a latent heat storage material filled in the annulus of vertical concentric double pipe during its melting pr...The objective of this study was to establish the thermal characteristics of the lauric acid (95% purity) as a latent heat storage material filled in the annulus of vertical concentric double pipe during its melting process,The temperature data were used to determine the thermal characteristics,including the temporal temperature variations and the effects of the mass flow rate and the inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid on the heat transfer coefficient and the heat charging fraction during the melting process,The results indicated that the time to reach to heat charging fraction of 1.0 could be altered by changing the mass flow rate and the inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid.展开更多
Compared to the conventional phase change materials,the new phase change material Ta-Sb2Te3 has the advantages of excellent data retention and good material stability.In this letter,the etching characteristics of Ta-S...Compared to the conventional phase change materials,the new phase change material Ta-Sb2Te3 has the advantages of excellent data retention and good material stability.In this letter,the etching characteristics of Ta-Sb2Te3 were studied by using CF4/Ar.The results showed that when CF4/Ar=25/25,the etching power was 600 W and the etching pressure was 2.5 Pa,the etching speed was up to 61 nm/min.The etching pattern of Ta-Sb2Te3 film had a smooth side wall and good perpendicularity(close to 90°),smooth surface of the etching(RMS was 0.51nm),and the etching uniformity was fine.Furthermore,the mechanism of this etching process was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The main damage mechanism of ICP etching in CF4/Ar was studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD).展开更多
The Nanfei River （Anhui Province, China） is a severely polluted urban river that flows into Chaohu Lake. In the present study, sediments were collected from the river and analyzed for their heavy metal contents. Mul...The Nanfei River （Anhui Province, China） is a severely polluted urban river that flows into Chaohu Lake. In the present study, sediments were collected from the river and analyzed for their heavy metal contents. Multivariate statistics and the fuzzy comprehensive assessment method were used to determine the sources of pollution, the current pollution status, and spatial and temporal variations in heavy metal pollution in sediments. The concentrations of arsenic （As）, cadmium （Cd）, chromium （Cr）, copper （Cu）, mercury （Hg）, nickel （Ni）, lead （Pb）, and zinc （Zn） in sediments ranged from 5.67-113, 0.08-40.2, 41.6-524, 15.5-460, 0.03-4.84, 13.5-180, 18.8-250, and 47.9-1 996 mg/kg, and the average concentrations of each metal were 1.7, 38.7, 1.8, 5.5, l 8.8, 1.3, 2.5, and 11.1 times greater than the background values, respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated that Hg, Cu, Cr, Cd, and Ni may have originated from industrial activities, whereas As and Pb came from agricultural activities. The fuzzy comprehensive assessment method, based on the fuzzy mathematics theory, was used to obtain a detailed assessment of the sediment quality in the Nanfei River watershed. The results indicated that the pollution was moderate in the downstream tributaries of the Nianbu and Dianbu Rivers, but was severe in the main channel of the Nanfei River and in the upstream tributaries of the Sill and Banqiao Rivers. Therefore, sediments in the Nanfei River watershed are heavily polluted and urgent measures should be taken to remedy the status.展开更多
额济纳绿洲位于我国极端干旱区,该地额济纳剖面(41°46.36'N,101°09.26'E)的地层含1层现代流动沙丘、8层古流动沙丘、18层古半固定沙丘、14层古固定沙丘、2层沙质弱成土和2层沙黄土-亚沙土。根据对该剖面11个14C年代...额济纳绿洲位于我国极端干旱区,该地额济纳剖面(41°46.36'N,101°09.26'E)的地层含1层现代流动沙丘、8层古流动沙丘、18层古半固定沙丘、14层古固定沙丘、2层沙质弱成土和2层沙黄土-亚沙土。根据对该剖面11个14C年代样品测试和263个粒度样品的分析结果,本文确定了这套以沙丘沙沉积为主的沉积序列主要是2.5 ka BP以来气候一风沙地貌过程的产物,并详细讨论了自那时以来不同沉积类型的粒度及其Mz、σ和SC/D等分布规律和成因问题。这一研究结果表明:①额济纳剖面古流动沙丘沙、古半固定沙丘沙和古固定沙丘沙无论在粒度组成还是在Mz、σ分布上,都分别与现代流动沙丘沙、半固定沙丘沙和固定沙丘沙颇为相似,这为该剖面沙丘类型的划分提供了重要依据;相对这三类沙丘沙而言,沙黄土-亚沙土和沙质弱成土的沙物质含量显著降低,而粉沙和粘土含量明显增高,显示出沙丘嗣后的较强的成土作用和一定的土壤化过程。②该剖面古流动沙丘沙或古半固定沙丘沙与上覆的古固定沙丘或沙黄土-亚沙土或者是沙质弱成土可以构成11.5个沉积旋回,其每一个旋回又表现为颗粒由粗变细,Mz(Φ)、SC/D由小到大和σ显示的由分选好到变差的粒度旋回变化,代表了一个“沙漠化”时期被嗣后的“绿洲化”时期替代的正逆交替变化过程。③2.5 ka BP以来额济纳绿洲经历了11.5个旋回的“沙漠化”与“绿洲化”的生态环境变迁,在时间上具有若干百年时间尺度的环境变化,其驱动因子主要与自那时以来东亚冬夏季风交替演变有关。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49831070) and by the KeyProgramme of the Ministry of Land and Resources
文摘As one of the developing countries China has an arable land per capita far below the world’s average level. With a high-density population and the quick development of economy and urbanization, the Yangtze River Delta shows the typical characteristics of land use in developed regions of China, which are: high land reclamation rate and low arable land per capita; intensive land use and high output value; and rapid increasing of construction land area and fast diminishing of arable lands. The analysis indicates that the process of the arable land changes in the Yangtze River Delta could be divided into four different change stages over the past 50 years.
文摘The objective of this study was to establish the thermal characteristics of the lauric acid (95% purity) as a latent heat storage material filled in the annulus of vertical concentric double pipe during its melting process,The temperature data were used to determine the thermal characteristics,including the temporal temperature variations and the effects of the mass flow rate and the inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid on the heat transfer coefficient and the heat charging fraction during the melting process,The results indicated that the time to reach to heat charging fraction of 1.0 could be altered by changing the mass flow rate and the inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid.
基金This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(61874129)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0405601).
文摘Compared to the conventional phase change materials,the new phase change material Ta-Sb2Te3 has the advantages of excellent data retention and good material stability.In this letter,the etching characteristics of Ta-Sb2Te3 were studied by using CF4/Ar.The results showed that when CF4/Ar=25/25,the etching power was 600 W and the etching pressure was 2.5 Pa,the etching speed was up to 61 nm/min.The etching pattern of Ta-Sb2Te3 film had a smooth side wall and good perpendicularity(close to 90°),smooth surface of the etching(RMS was 0.51nm),and the etching uniformity was fine.Furthermore,the mechanism of this etching process was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The main damage mechanism of ICP etching in CF4/Ar was studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD).
基金Supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.2012ZX07103-005)
文摘The Nanfei River （Anhui Province, China） is a severely polluted urban river that flows into Chaohu Lake. In the present study, sediments were collected from the river and analyzed for their heavy metal contents. Multivariate statistics and the fuzzy comprehensive assessment method were used to determine the sources of pollution, the current pollution status, and spatial and temporal variations in heavy metal pollution in sediments. The concentrations of arsenic （As）, cadmium （Cd）, chromium （Cr）, copper （Cu）, mercury （Hg）, nickel （Ni）, lead （Pb）, and zinc （Zn） in sediments ranged from 5.67-113, 0.08-40.2, 41.6-524, 15.5-460, 0.03-4.84, 13.5-180, 18.8-250, and 47.9-1 996 mg/kg, and the average concentrations of each metal were 1.7, 38.7, 1.8, 5.5, l 8.8, 1.3, 2.5, and 11.1 times greater than the background values, respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated that Hg, Cu, Cr, Cd, and Ni may have originated from industrial activities, whereas As and Pb came from agricultural activities. The fuzzy comprehensive assessment method, based on the fuzzy mathematics theory, was used to obtain a detailed assessment of the sediment quality in the Nanfei River watershed. The results indicated that the pollution was moderate in the downstream tributaries of the Nianbu and Dianbu Rivers, but was severe in the main channel of the Nanfei River and in the upstream tributaries of the Sill and Banqiao Rivers. Therefore, sediments in the Nanfei River watershed are heavily polluted and urgent measures should be taken to remedy the status.
文摘额济纳绿洲位于我国极端干旱区,该地额济纳剖面(41°46.36'N,101°09.26'E)的地层含1层现代流动沙丘、8层古流动沙丘、18层古半固定沙丘、14层古固定沙丘、2层沙质弱成土和2层沙黄土-亚沙土。根据对该剖面11个14C年代样品测试和263个粒度样品的分析结果,本文确定了这套以沙丘沙沉积为主的沉积序列主要是2.5 ka BP以来气候一风沙地貌过程的产物,并详细讨论了自那时以来不同沉积类型的粒度及其Mz、σ和SC/D等分布规律和成因问题。这一研究结果表明:①额济纳剖面古流动沙丘沙、古半固定沙丘沙和古固定沙丘沙无论在粒度组成还是在Mz、σ分布上,都分别与现代流动沙丘沙、半固定沙丘沙和固定沙丘沙颇为相似,这为该剖面沙丘类型的划分提供了重要依据;相对这三类沙丘沙而言,沙黄土-亚沙土和沙质弱成土的沙物质含量显著降低,而粉沙和粘土含量明显增高,显示出沙丘嗣后的较强的成土作用和一定的土壤化过程。②该剖面古流动沙丘沙或古半固定沙丘沙与上覆的古固定沙丘或沙黄土-亚沙土或者是沙质弱成土可以构成11.5个沉积旋回,其每一个旋回又表现为颗粒由粗变细,Mz(Φ)、SC/D由小到大和σ显示的由分选好到变差的粒度旋回变化,代表了一个“沙漠化”时期被嗣后的“绿洲化”时期替代的正逆交替变化过程。③2.5 ka BP以来额济纳绿洲经历了11.5个旋回的“沙漠化”与“绿洲化”的生态环境变迁,在时间上具有若干百年时间尺度的环境变化,其驱动因子主要与自那时以来东亚冬夏季风交替演变有关。
