The influence of charge characteristics of suspension droplets on the ion flow field in different temperatures and humidity

In order to clarify the charging characteristics of suspension droplets in ion flow field under different temperatures and humidity,the effective charging factor used to characterize the charging characteristics of suspension droplets is introduced in this paper,and a calculation method of charging factor is proposed based on the upstream finite element method(FEM).Then,the charging factor under different temperatures and humidity is calculated,and the analytic expression of the charging factor considering the influence of temperature and humidity is obtained by fitting the calculation results.The influence of suspension droplets on the ion flow field is analyzed.The results show that the charging factor is small and increases little with the relative humidity when the relative humidity is less than 60%,and the charging factor is large and increases rapidly with the relative humidity when the relative humidity is more than 60%.At the same relative humidity,the charging factor increases linearly with the temperature.The influence of charged suspension droplets on the ion flow field can be ignored when the relative humidity is less than 60%and must be considered under high temperature and humidity.The calculation method and analytic expression of the charging factor proposed in this paper can be used to model of ion flow field considering the influence of temperature and humidity and provide technical support for the construction of HVDC transmission lines across high temperature and humidity.

Improvement of Operation Characteristics for MONOS Charge Trapping Flash Memory with SiGe Buried Channel

We propose and investigate a novel metal/SiO_2/Si_3N_4/SiO_2/SiGe charge trapping flash memory structure（named as MONOS）, utilizing Si Ge as the buried channel. The fabricated memory device demonstrates excellent programerasable characteristics attributed to the fact that more carriers are generated by the smaller bandgap of Si Ge during program/erase operations. A flat-band voltage shift 2.8 V can be obtained by programming at ＋11 V for 100 us. Meanwhile, the memory device exhibits a large memory window of ~7.17 V under ±12 V sweeping voltage, and a negligible charge loss of 18% after 104 s＇ retention. In addition, the leakage current density is lower than 2.52 × 10^（-7） A·cm^（-2） below a gate breakdown voltage of 12.5 V. Investigation of leakage current-voltage indicates that the Schottky emission is the predominant conduction mechanisms for leakage current. These desirable characteristics are ascribed to the higher trap density of the Si_3N_4 charge trapping layer and the better quality of the interface between the SiO_2 tunneling layer and the Si Ge buried channel. Therefore, the application of the Si Ge buried channel is very promising to construct 3 D charge trapping NAND flash devices with improved operation characteristics.

Charging and absorption characteristics of small particulates under alternative and electrostatic voltages in an electrostatic precipitator

The charge quantity of small particulates such as PM2.5 plays a key role in the collection efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator（ESP）. Under a single electrostatic voltage, it is difficult to charge and absorb small particulates. A new method of superimposing an alternative voltage on the electrostatic voltage is provided in this paper. Characteristics of small particulates are analyzed under alternative and electrostatic voltages. It is demonstrated that an alternative voltage can significantly improve the collection efficiency in three aspects： preventing anti-corona, increasing the charge quantity of small particulates, and increasing the median particulate size by electric agglomeration. In addition, practical usage with the superposition of alternative voltage is provided, and the results are in agreement with the theoretical analysis.

Detonation Propagation Characteristics of Superposition Explosive Materials

In order to investigate detonation propagation characteristics of different charge patterns,the detonation velocities of superposition strip shaped charges made up of a detonating cord and explosives were measured by a detonation velocity measuring instrument under conditions of different ignition.The experimental results and theoretical analysis show that the maximum detonation propagation velocity depends on the explosive materials with the maximum velocity among all the explosive materials.Using detonating cord in a superposition charge can shorten detonation propagation time and improve the efficiency of explosive energy.The measurement method of detonation propagation velocity and experimental results are presented and investigated.

FABRICATION OF POROUS GLASS FIBRES AND ITS CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS

Glass fibers, cc diameter of 350 mum to 500 mum, were made of glasses with an initial composition of 66. 55iO(2) - 25B(2)O(2) - 8. 5 Na2O. Being heated at 580 C for 24 hours and leached in HCl solution at 90 C: for 12 hours, the glass fibers were made into porous glass fibers, pore size in the range 25nm to 35nm. The influence of the glass composition cold condition on glass phase separation Is discussed. The transparence of the porous glass fibers before and after being charged with sensitive reagents and the anti-resolve characteristics of sensitized reagent charged were also studied. The results have shown that the transparence of porous glass fibers after being charged with sensitive reagents and the anti-resolve characteristics of sensitive reagents charged in the materials were very well. By combining with special sensitive reagents, the porous glass fibers could be made into a series of fiber optic chemical sensors with different characteristics.

Experimental research on charging characteristics of a solar photovoltaic system by the pressure-control method

The charging characteristics of the valve-regulated lead acid(VRLA) battery driven by solar energy were experimentally studied through the pressure-control method in this paper.The aims of the research were to increase charging efficiency to make the most of solar energy and to improve charging quality to prolong life of battery.The charging process of a 12 V 12 A·h VRLA battery has been tested under the mode of a stand-alone photovoltaic(PV) system.Results show that the pressure-control method can effectively control PV charging of the VRLA battery and make the best of PV cells through the maximum power point tracking(MPPT).The damage of VRLA battery by excess oxygen accumulation can be avoided through the inner pressure control of VRLA battery.Parameters such as solar radiation intensity,charging power,inner pressure of the battery,and charging current and voltage during the charging process were measured and analyzed.

Empowering highway network:Optimal deployment and strategy for dynamic wireless charging lanes

Amid escalating energy crises and environmental pressures,electric vehicles(EVs)have emerged as an effective measure to reduce reliance on fossil fuels,combat climate change,uphold sustainable energy and environmental development,and strive towards carbon peaking and neutrality goals.This study introduces a nonlinear integer programming model for the deployment of dynamic wireless charging lanes(DWCLs)and EV charging strategy joint optimization in highway networks.Taking into account established charging resources in highway service areas(HSAs),the nonlinear charging characteristics of EV batteries,and the traffic capacity constraints of DWCLs.The model identifies the deployment of charging facilities and the EV charging strategy as the decision-making variables and aims to minimize both the DWCL construction and user charging costs.By ensuring that EVs maintain an acceptable state of charge(SoC),the model combines highway EV charging demand and highway EV charging strategy to optimize the DWCL deployment,thus reducing the construction cost of wireless charging facilities and user charging expenses.The efficacy and universality of the model are demonstrated using the classical Nguyen-Dupius network as a numerical example and a real-world highway network in Guangdong Province,China.Finally,a sensitivity analysis is conducted to corroborate the stability of the model.The results show that the operating speed of EVs on DWCLs has the largest impact on total cost,while battery capacity has the smallest.This comprehensive study offers vital insights into the strategic deployment of DWCLs,promoting the sustainable and efficient use of EVs in highway networks.