Increased pressure on the earth’s resources has led to what is increasingly referred to as the climate crisis.While a whole range of environmental parameters have been transformed through such pressures,the effect of...Increased pressure on the earth’s resources has led to what is increasingly referred to as the climate crisis.While a whole range of environmental parameters have been transformed through such pressures,the effect of human activities on the climate is symbolic of the nature of the human footprint upon our planet and makes the lack of any coherent political leadership in most countries even more alarming.The discipline of Geography has a distinct advantage in developing a more holistic understanding of global environmental challenges in that it reaches across all the sciences(including social sciences and humanities).Geographical education therefore represents an important vehicle for citizens of all ages to help them understand the complexity of the sustainability goal and what can(and should)be done to achieve a more sustainable future.In this essay,I reflect on three approaches that are available to individuals and communities towards taking the steps to sustainability.The philosophy embodied by the International Year of Global Understanding(IYGU)is suggested as a particularly valuable tool for geography educators.The activities of the International Geographical Union(IGU)offer important opportunities for geographers to learn from each other and promote best practice in geographical education.As‘the science for sustainability’,Geography has an increasingly important role to play in developing the knowledge and the skills to equip future generations with the tools to adapt to and mitigate potentially catastrophic global environmental change.展开更多
Post-disaster very high resolution（VHR） satellite data are potential sources to provide detailed information on damage and geological changes for a large area in a short time.In this paper,we studied landslides trig...Post-disaster very high resolution（VHR） satellite data are potential sources to provide detailed information on damage and geological changes for a large area in a short time.In this paper,we studied landslides triggered by the M_w 6.9 earthquake in Sikkim,India which occurred on 18 September 2011 using VHR data from Cartosat-1,GeoEye-1,QuickBird-2 and WorldView-2 satellites.Since the earthquake-affected area is located in mostly inaccessible Himalayan terrain,VHR data from these satellites provided a unique opportunity for quick and synoptic assessment of the damage.Using visual change analysis technique through comparison of pre- and post-earthquake images,we assessed the damage caused by the event.A total of 123 images acquired from eight satellites,covering an area of4105 km2 were analysed and 1196 new landslides triggered by the earthquake were mapped.Road blockages and severely affected villages were also identified.Geological assessment of the terrain highlighted linear disposition of landslides along existing fault scarps,suggesting a reactivation of fault.The landslide inventory map prepared from VHR images also showed a good correlation with the earthquake shake map.Results showed that several parts of north Sikkim,particularly Mangan and Chungthang,which are close to the epicentre,were severely affected by the earthquake,and that the event-based landslide inventory map can be used in future earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility assessment studies.展开更多
For two decades, in France, an increasing number of activities and tourist services have been increasingly designed and structured to meet the needs and expectations of people with disabilities. This is as a result of...For two decades, in France, an increasing number of activities and tourist services have been increasingly designed and structured to meet the needs and expectations of people with disabilities. This is as a result of initiatives taken by many tourism and leisure operators, as well as actors from the medico-social worker＇s sector. There has also been the establishment of a national campaign, entrusted by the delegated Ministry of Tourism to the Tourism and Handicaps Association （ATH）. The campaign aims firstly, to make tourism accessible to customers with special needs, and secondly, to promote accessibility through the awarding of a certification label. Recently, a new label which defends accessibility in a specific area called ＂destination for all＂ has been created. This new label shows the evolution of accessibility from an ecological and systemic perspective which seems more practical and operational to respond to the daily needs and life of people with disabilities.展开更多
This study discusses the basic guarantee of the Charter of the United Nations to realize the right to development from the angle of Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The concepts reg...This study discusses the basic guarantee of the Charter of the United Nations to realize the right to development from the angle of Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The concepts regarding the people as the focal point, the dignity, the worth of the human being, as well as larger aspects of freedom, and other basic concepts within the Charter of the United Nations, guide the right direction of action for the realization of the right to development. The purpose and principles of the United Nations establishment in the Charter constitute the basic legal protection of the right to development. Values of peace, international dialogue, and international cooperation show the right path to the realization of the right to development.展开更多
A vector autoregressive model was developed for a sample of container carrier time charter rates. Although the series of time charter rates are themselves found non-stationary, thus precluding the use of many modeling...A vector autoregressive model was developed for a sample of container carrier time charter rates. Although the series of time charter rates are themselves found non-stationary, thus precluding the use of many modeling methodologies, evidence provided by co-integration tests points to the existence of stable long-term relationships between the series. An assessment of the forecasts derived from the model suggests that the spec-ification of these long-term relationships does not improve the accuracy of long-term forecasts. These results are interpreted as a corroboration of the efficient market hypothesis.展开更多
The charterparty is a legal contract of employing a vessel. In shipping matters, it is a highly important document since it allocates obligations, rights, duties, liabilities, risks, earnings, costs and profits betwee...The charterparty is a legal contract of employing a vessel. In shipping matters, it is a highly important document since it allocates obligations, rights, duties, liabilities, risks, earnings, costs and profits between the contracted parties, namely, the shipowner and the charterer. The interpretation of the above mentioned matters, as well as the understanding of charterparty terms, is considered of critical importance in chartering practice. Therefore, this paper constitutes a review of the most important aspects arising from charterparties in the main types of charter. The present study is based on shipping practices followed in accordance with the English Common Law throughout the chartering process （pre-fixture, fixture, execution of the charter, post fixture）. This is a synopsis about the distribution of the liabilities and expenses between the shipowner and the charterer in the most representative types of charter. The analysis is seen from a commercial stand point. Therefore, it is mostly addressed to the shipping practitioners, maritime economists, academics, students and researchers who seek to form a comprehensive view on the subject. It may also form a basis for further study on chartering aspects （legal, economic, managerial and practical）.展开更多
This paper constitutes a review of the most important aspects of commercial risks arising from charterparties, operations and claims issues. That means the risks allocated between the shipowner and the charterer throu...This paper constitutes a review of the most important aspects of commercial risks arising from charterparties, operations and claims issues. That means the risks allocated between the shipowner and the charterer throughout the chartering process （pre-fixture, fixture, execution of charter, post-fixture, claims handling）, from a financial, operational and legal perspective. The interpretation of the above mentioned matters is considered of critical importance in chartering practice. The analysis is seen from a commercial stand point. Therefore, it is mostly addressed to the shipping practitioners, maritime economists, academics, students and researchers who seek to form a comprehensive view on the subject. It may also form a basis for further study on chartering aspects （legal, economic, managerial and practical）.展开更多
Background: Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his/her own body. Patient autonomy and the practice of informed patient consent are now pivotal in medical p...Background: Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his/her own body. Patient autonomy and the practice of informed patient consent are now pivotal in medical practice. Aim: To assess patient’s knowledge of Patients’ Rights Charter and whether patients receive adequate information to enable them make an informed consent to a particular treatment. Methodology: Patients who were undergoing elective surgery from selected surgical departments of Komfo Anokye teaching hospital in Kumasi were randomly selected and assisted to answer structured questionnaire without the knowledge of their doctors. The study period was in June to December (2014). Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS (II) of the results. Results: 84.7% (144) had no idea about the Patients’ Rights Charter of the Ghana Health Service. 75% (128) did not know or had not heard of informed patient consent. Of those who knew of the charter, 85% (37) had ever stayed in a developed country. 60% (102) did not know of their diagnosis. 79% (134) said the doctor only asked them to either sign or thumb print the consent document without giving them treatment options or possible complications. Conclusion: Most of respondents undergoing various surgical procedures at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital were not aware of the existence of the Patients’ Rights Charter of the Ghana Health Service. Again, practitioners did not provide sufficient information to patients for them to make an informed decision about their health.展开更多
In recent years, the world economic situation and container shipping industry has been fluctuated drastically, which has complicated the liner shipping companies＇ operation. The conventional issue of overcapacity due...In recent years, the world economic situation and container shipping industry has been fluctuated drastically, which has complicated the liner shipping companies＇ operation. The conventional issue of overcapacity due to the ＂equipment battle＂, and the destructive competition have further stimulated the operating intricacy within the container sector. That would be interesting to explore the chartering strategies of CMA CGM （Compagnie Maritime d＇Affretement Compagnie Generale Maritime） in such a volatile market as any capacity adjustment dictates a line＇s profit line. Nevertheless, the usefulness of ship chartering is not only confined to the operational level but also the strategic level. Throughout the analysis of CMA CGM＇s fleet trend, fleet deployment as well as chartering activities, it can illustrate the above concepts and observe a little bit further about the strategic movement of CMA CGM.展开更多
Through studies of the practical reasons for the Charter of Machu Picchu, this paper interprets the core ideas of the Charter, analyzes its historical limitations and proposes several suggestions for current urban and...Through studies of the practical reasons for the Charter of Machu Picchu, this paper interprets the core ideas of the Charter, analyzes its historical limitations and proposes several suggestions for current urban and rural planning.展开更多
The UN Charter first of all affirmed the basic concept of international protection of human rights and opened up a broad space for international protection of human rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is...The UN Charter first of all affirmed the basic concept of international protection of human rights and opened up a broad space for international protection of human rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is an important document in the development of the international human rights cause. It established a set of international standards for basic human rights, represents the world’s most important consensus on human rights, and contributes greatly to the creation of an international human rights legal system. The important theory put forward by President Xi Jinping to build a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings, as a Chinese program for today s global major issues, also outlines a new blueprint for national human rights protection and will play a major role in promoting the development of China’s human rights and international human rights protection.展开更多
Natural disasters are common threats to all human beings. With the background of global climate change, major natural disasters have occurred frequently in the last few years and caused heavy casualties with high prop...Natural disasters are common threats to all human beings. With the background of global climate change, major natural disasters have occurred frequently in the last few years and caused heavy casualties with high property losses. Satellite Earth ob-servation has been playing a more and more important role in monitoring展开更多
The British lender is well prepared to operate and compete in the fastest-growing economy Better late than never. About 150 years after establishing a Shanghai branch in 1858, the British lender Standard Chartered ...The British lender is well prepared to operate and compete in the fastest-growing economy Better late than never. About 150 years after establishing a Shanghai branch in 1858, the British lender Standard Chartered is finally incor- porated locally展开更多
Over recent decades,heritage conservation has developed in concept and scope.This paper uses a systematic literature review approach to collect charters and documents on heritage conservation issued by UNESCO and ICOM...Over recent decades,heritage conservation has developed in concept and scope.This paper uses a systematic literature review approach to collect charters and documents on heritage conservation issued by UNESCO and ICOMOS,divided into two periods,before 2000 and from 2000 to the present,for analysis from a qualitative perspective.The study results show that the scope of architectural heritage is expanding,and the definition of conservation is changing from individual to holistic conservation and from holistic to sustainable conservation.The focus of conservation has evolved from tangible to intangible attributes.The changing scale of conservation,from object to landscape,incorporates a more comprehensive range of heritage values,and the status of conservation has changed from static to living conservation.This study systematically structures the development of the concept of architectural heritage conservation,providing insight in the international field of architectural heritage conservation and encouraging reflection on the conservation of architectural heritage in historic cities.展开更多
文摘Increased pressure on the earth’s resources has led to what is increasingly referred to as the climate crisis.While a whole range of environmental parameters have been transformed through such pressures,the effect of human activities on the climate is symbolic of the nature of the human footprint upon our planet and makes the lack of any coherent political leadership in most countries even more alarming.The discipline of Geography has a distinct advantage in developing a more holistic understanding of global environmental challenges in that it reaches across all the sciences(including social sciences and humanities).Geographical education therefore represents an important vehicle for citizens of all ages to help them understand the complexity of the sustainability goal and what can(and should)be done to achieve a more sustainable future.In this essay,I reflect on three approaches that are available to individuals and communities towards taking the steps to sustainability.The philosophy embodied by the International Year of Global Understanding(IYGU)is suggested as a particularly valuable tool for geography educators.The activities of the International Geographical Union(IGU)offer important opportunities for geographers to learn from each other and promote best practice in geographical education.As‘the science for sustainability’,Geography has an increasingly important role to play in developing the knowledge and the skills to equip future generations with the tools to adapt to and mitigate potentially catastrophic global environmental change.
基金support work carried out under the Decision Support Centre(DSC) activities of NRSC
文摘Post-disaster very high resolution（VHR） satellite data are potential sources to provide detailed information on damage and geological changes for a large area in a short time.In this paper,we studied landslides triggered by the M_w 6.9 earthquake in Sikkim,India which occurred on 18 September 2011 using VHR data from Cartosat-1,GeoEye-1,QuickBird-2 and WorldView-2 satellites.Since the earthquake-affected area is located in mostly inaccessible Himalayan terrain,VHR data from these satellites provided a unique opportunity for quick and synoptic assessment of the damage.Using visual change analysis technique through comparison of pre- and post-earthquake images,we assessed the damage caused by the event.A total of 123 images acquired from eight satellites,covering an area of4105 km2 were analysed and 1196 new landslides triggered by the earthquake were mapped.Road blockages and severely affected villages were also identified.Geological assessment of the terrain highlighted linear disposition of landslides along existing fault scarps,suggesting a reactivation of fault.The landslide inventory map prepared from VHR images also showed a good correlation with the earthquake shake map.Results showed that several parts of north Sikkim,particularly Mangan and Chungthang,which are close to the epicentre,were severely affected by the earthquake,and that the event-based landslide inventory map can be used in future earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility assessment studies.
文摘For two decades, in France, an increasing number of activities and tourist services have been increasingly designed and structured to meet the needs and expectations of people with disabilities. This is as a result of initiatives taken by many tourism and leisure operators, as well as actors from the medico-social worker＇s sector. There has also been the establishment of a national campaign, entrusted by the delegated Ministry of Tourism to the Tourism and Handicaps Association （ATH）. The campaign aims firstly, to make tourism accessible to customers with special needs, and secondly, to promote accessibility through the awarding of a certification label. Recently, a new label which defends accessibility in a specific area called ＂destination for all＂ has been created. This new label shows the evolution of accessibility from an ecological and systemic perspective which seems more practical and operational to respond to the daily needs and life of people with disabilities.
文摘This study discusses the basic guarantee of the Charter of the United Nations to realize the right to development from the angle of Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The concepts regarding the people as the focal point, the dignity, the worth of the human being, as well as larger aspects of freedom, and other basic concepts within the Charter of the United Nations, guide the right direction of action for the realization of the right to development. The purpose and principles of the United Nations establishment in the Charter constitute the basic legal protection of the right to development. Values of peace, international dialogue, and international cooperation show the right path to the realization of the right to development.
文摘A vector autoregressive model was developed for a sample of container carrier time charter rates. Although the series of time charter rates are themselves found non-stationary, thus precluding the use of many modeling methodologies, evidence provided by co-integration tests points to the existence of stable long-term relationships between the series. An assessment of the forecasts derived from the model suggests that the spec-ification of these long-term relationships does not improve the accuracy of long-term forecasts. These results are interpreted as a corroboration of the efficient market hypothesis.
文摘The charterparty is a legal contract of employing a vessel. In shipping matters, it is a highly important document since it allocates obligations, rights, duties, liabilities, risks, earnings, costs and profits between the contracted parties, namely, the shipowner and the charterer. The interpretation of the above mentioned matters, as well as the understanding of charterparty terms, is considered of critical importance in chartering practice. Therefore, this paper constitutes a review of the most important aspects arising from charterparties in the main types of charter. The present study is based on shipping practices followed in accordance with the English Common Law throughout the chartering process （pre-fixture, fixture, execution of the charter, post fixture）. This is a synopsis about the distribution of the liabilities and expenses between the shipowner and the charterer in the most representative types of charter. The analysis is seen from a commercial stand point. Therefore, it is mostly addressed to the shipping practitioners, maritime economists, academics, students and researchers who seek to form a comprehensive view on the subject. It may also form a basis for further study on chartering aspects （legal, economic, managerial and practical）.
文摘This paper constitutes a review of the most important aspects of commercial risks arising from charterparties, operations and claims issues. That means the risks allocated between the shipowner and the charterer throughout the chartering process （pre-fixture, fixture, execution of charter, post-fixture, claims handling）, from a financial, operational and legal perspective. The interpretation of the above mentioned matters is considered of critical importance in chartering practice. The analysis is seen from a commercial stand point. Therefore, it is mostly addressed to the shipping practitioners, maritime economists, academics, students and researchers who seek to form a comprehensive view on the subject. It may also form a basis for further study on chartering aspects （legal, economic, managerial and practical）.
文摘Background: Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his/her own body. Patient autonomy and the practice of informed patient consent are now pivotal in medical practice. Aim: To assess patient’s knowledge of Patients’ Rights Charter and whether patients receive adequate information to enable them make an informed consent to a particular treatment. Methodology: Patients who were undergoing elective surgery from selected surgical departments of Komfo Anokye teaching hospital in Kumasi were randomly selected and assisted to answer structured questionnaire without the knowledge of their doctors. The study period was in June to December (2014). Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS (II) of the results. Results: 84.7% (144) had no idea about the Patients’ Rights Charter of the Ghana Health Service. 75% (128) did not know or had not heard of informed patient consent. Of those who knew of the charter, 85% (37) had ever stayed in a developed country. 60% (102) did not know of their diagnosis. 79% (134) said the doctor only asked them to either sign or thumb print the consent document without giving them treatment options or possible complications. Conclusion: Most of respondents undergoing various surgical procedures at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital were not aware of the existence of the Patients’ Rights Charter of the Ghana Health Service. Again, practitioners did not provide sufficient information to patients for them to make an informed decision about their health.
文摘In recent years, the world economic situation and container shipping industry has been fluctuated drastically, which has complicated the liner shipping companies＇ operation. The conventional issue of overcapacity due to the ＂equipment battle＂, and the destructive competition have further stimulated the operating intricacy within the container sector. That would be interesting to explore the chartering strategies of CMA CGM （Compagnie Maritime d＇Affretement Compagnie Generale Maritime） in such a volatile market as any capacity adjustment dictates a line＇s profit line. Nevertheless, the usefulness of ship chartering is not only confined to the operational level but also the strategic level. Throughout the analysis of CMA CGM＇s fleet trend, fleet deployment as well as chartering activities, it can illustrate the above concepts and observe a little bit further about the strategic movement of CMA CGM.
文摘Through studies of the practical reasons for the Charter of Machu Picchu, this paper interprets the core ideas of the Charter, analyzes its historical limitations and proposes several suggestions for current urban and rural planning.
文摘The UN Charter first of all affirmed the basic concept of international protection of human rights and opened up a broad space for international protection of human rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is an important document in the development of the international human rights cause. It established a set of international standards for basic human rights, represents the world’s most important consensus on human rights, and contributes greatly to the creation of an international human rights legal system. The important theory put forward by President Xi Jinping to build a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings, as a Chinese program for today s global major issues, also outlines a new blueprint for national human rights protection and will play a major role in promoting the development of China’s human rights and international human rights protection.
文摘Natural disasters are common threats to all human beings. With the background of global climate change, major natural disasters have occurred frequently in the last few years and caused heavy casualties with high property losses. Satellite Earth ob-servation has been playing a more and more important role in monitoring
文摘The British lender is well prepared to operate and compete in the fastest-growing economy Better late than never. About 150 years after establishing a Shanghai branch in 1858, the British lender Standard Chartered is finally incor- porated locally
文摘Over recent decades,heritage conservation has developed in concept and scope.This paper uses a systematic literature review approach to collect charters and documents on heritage conservation issued by UNESCO and ICOMOS,divided into two periods,before 2000 and from 2000 to the present,for analysis from a qualitative perspective.The study results show that the scope of architectural heritage is expanding,and the definition of conservation is changing from individual to holistic conservation and from holistic to sustainable conservation.The focus of conservation has evolved from tangible to intangible attributes.The changing scale of conservation,from object to landscape,incorporates a more comprehensive range of heritage values,and the status of conservation has changed from static to living conservation.This study systematically structures the development of the concept of architectural heritage conservation,providing insight in the international field of architectural heritage conservation and encouraging reflection on the conservation of architectural heritage in historic cities.
