Computation Tree Logic Model Checking of Multi-Agent Systems Based on Fuzzy Epistemic Interpreted Systems

Model checking is an automated formal verification method to verify whether epistemic multi-agent systems adhere to property specifications.Although there is an extensive literature on qualitative properties such as safety and liveness,there is still a lack of quantitative and uncertain property verifications for these systems.In uncertain environments,agents must make judicious decisions based on subjective epistemic.To verify epistemic and measurable properties in multi-agent systems,this paper extends fuzzy computation tree logic by introducing epistemic modalities and proposing a new Fuzzy Computation Tree Logic of Knowledge(FCTLK).We represent fuzzy multi-agent systems as distributed knowledge bases with fuzzy epistemic interpreted systems.In addition,we provide a transformation algorithm from fuzzy epistemic interpreted systems to fuzzy Kripke structures,as well as transformation rules from FCTLK formulas to Fuzzy Computation Tree Logic(FCTL)formulas.Accordingly,we transform the FCTLK model checking problem into the FCTL model checking.This enables the verification of FCTLK formulas by using the fuzzy model checking algorithm of FCTL without additional computational overheads.Finally,we present correctness proofs and complexity analyses of the proposed algorithms.Additionally,we further illustrate the practical application of our approach through an example of a train control system.

Influence of initial check, information exchange, final accuracy check, reaction information nursing on the psychology of elderly with lung cancer

BACKGROUND As one of the fatal diseases with high incidence,lung cancer has seriously endangered public health and safety.Elderly patients usually have poor self-care and are more likely to show a series of psychological problems.AIM To investigate the effectiveness of the initial check,information exchange,final accuracy check,reaction(IIFAR)information care model on the mental health status of elderly patients with lung cancer.METHODS This study is a single-centre study.We randomly recruited 60 elderly patients with lung cancer who attended our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022.These elderly patients with lung cancer were randomly divided into two groups,with the control group taking the conventional propaganda and education and the observation group taking the IIFAR information care model based on the conventional care protocol.The differences in psychological distress,anxiety and depression,life quality,fatigue,and the locus of control in psychology were compared between these two groups,and the causes of psychological distress were analyzed.RESULTS After the intervention,Distress Thermometer,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)for anxiety and the HADS for depression,Revised Piper’s Fatigue Scale,and Chance Health Locus of Control scores were lower in the observation group compared to the pre-intervention period in the same group and were significantly lower in the observation group compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).After the intervention,Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30(QLQ-C30),Internal Health Locus of Control,and Powerful Others Health Locus of Control scores were significantly higher in the observation and the control groups compared to the pre-intervention period in their same group,and QLQ-C30 scores were significantly higher in the observation group compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The IIFAR information care model can help elderly patients with lung cancer by reducing their anxiety and depression,psychological distress,and fatigue,improving their tendencies on the locus of control in psychology,and enhancing their life qualities.

Review of Software Model-Checking Techniques for Dealing with Error Detection in Program Codes

Debugging software code has been a challenge for software developers since the early days of computer programming. A simple need, because the world is run by software. So perhaps the biggest engineering challenge is finding ways to make software more reliable. This review provides an overview of techniques developed over time in the field of software model checking to solve the problem of detecting errors in program code. In addition, the challenges posed by this technology are discussed and ways to mitigate them in future research and applications are proposed. A comprehensive examination of the various model verification methods used to detect program code errors is intended to lay the foundation for future research in this area.

A Survey on Sensor-and Communication-Based Issues of Autonomous UAVs

The application field for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology and its adoption rate have been increasingsteadily in the past years. Decreasing cost of commercial drones has enabled their use at a scale broader thanever before. However, increasing the complexity of UAVs and decreasing the cost, both contribute to a lack ofimplemented securitymeasures and raise new security and safety concerns. For instance, the issue of implausible ortampered UAV sensor measurements is barely addressed in the current research literature and thus, requires moreattention from the research community. The goal of this survey is to extensively review state-of-the-art literatureregarding common sensor- and communication-based vulnerabilities, existing threats, and active or passive cyberattacksagainst UAVs, as well as shed light on the research gaps in the literature. In this work, we describe theUnmanned Aerial System (UAS) architecture to point out the origination sources for security and safety issues.Weevaluate the coverage and completeness of each related research work in a comprehensive comparison table as wellas classify the threats, vulnerabilities and cyber-attacks into sensor-based and communication-based categories.Additionally, for each individual cyber-attack, we describe existing countermeasures or detectionmechanisms andprovide a list of requirements to ensureUAV’s security and safety.We also address the problem of implausible sensormeasurements and introduce the idea of a plausibility check for sensor data. By doing so, we discover additionalmeasures to improve security and safety and report on a research niche that is not well represented in the currentresearch literature.

Recent trends in bone metastasis treatments:A historical comparison using the new Katagiri score system

BACKGROUND Bone metastasis has various negative impacts.Activities of daily living(ADL)and quality of life(QOL)can be significantly decreased,survival may be impacted,and medical expenses may increase.It is estimated that at least 5%cancer patients might be suffering from bone metastases.In 2016,we published the Comprehensive Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastasis.Since then,the therapeutic outcomes for patients have gradually improved.As life expectancy is a major determinant of surgical intervention,the strategy should be modified if the prolongation of survival is to be achieved.AIM To monitor how bone metastasis treatment has changed before and after launch of our guidelines for bone metastasis.METHODS For advanced cancer patients with bone metastasis who visited the Department of Clinical Oncology at Akita University hospital between 2012 and 2023,parameters including the site and number of bone metastases,laboratory data,and survival time,were extracted from electronic medical records and the Katagiri score was calculated.The association with survival was determined for each factor.RESULTS Data from 136 patients were obtained.The 1-year survival rate for the poor prognosis group with a higher Katagiri score was 20.0%in this study,which was 6%and an apparent improvement from 2014 when the scoring system was developed.Other factors significantly affecting survival included five or more bone metastases than less(P=0.0080),and treatment with chemotherapy(P<0.001),bone modifying agents(P=0.0175)and immune checkpoint inhibitors(P=0.0128).In recent years,advances in various treatment methods have extended the survival period for patients with advanced cancer.It is necessary not only to simply extend survival time,but also to maintain ADL and improve QOL.CONCLUSION Various therapeutic interventions including surgical approach for bone metastasis,which is a disorder of locomotor organs,are increasingly required.Guidelines and scoring system for prognosis need to be revised promptly.

Enable Excel-Based Basic Cybersecurity Features for End Users by Using Python-Excel Integration

In the digital age, the global character of the Internet has significantly improved our daily lives by providing access to large amounts of knowledge and allowing for seamless connections. However, this enormously interconnected world is not without its risks. Malicious URLs are a powerful menace, masquerading as legitimate links while holding the intent to hack computer systems or steal sensitive personal information. As the sophistication and frequency of cyberattacks increase, identifying bad URLs has emerged as a critical aspect of cybersecurity. This study presents a new approach that enables the average end-user to check URL safety using Microsoft Excel. Using the powerful VirusTotal API for URL inspections, this study creates an Excel add-in that integrates Python and Excel to deliver a seamless, user-friendly interface. Furthermore, the study improves Excel’s capabilities by allowing users to encrypt and decrypt text communications directly in the spreadsheet. Users may easily encrypt their conversations by simply typing a key and the required text into predefined cells, enhancing their personal cybersecurity with a layer of cryptographic secrecy. This strategy democratizes access to advanced cybersecurity solutions, making attentive digital integrity a feature rather than a daunting burden.

A Spatialization-based Method for Checking and Updating Metadata

In this paper the application of spatialization technology on metadata quality check and updating was dis-cussed. A new method based on spatialization was proposed for checking and updating metadata to overcome the defi-ciency of text based methods with the powerful functions of spatial query and analysis provided by GIS software. Thismethod employs the technology of spatialization to transform metadata into a coordinate space and the functions ofspatial analysis in GIS to check and update spatial metadata in a visual environment. The basic principle and technicalflow of this method were explained in detail, and an example of implementation using ArcMap of GIS software wasillustrated with a metadata set of digital raster maps. The result shows the new method with the support of interactionof graph and text is much more intuitive and convenient than the ordinary text based method, and can fully utilize thefunctions of GIS spatial query and analysis with more accuracy and efficiency.

The Design of Circuit for Checking Short in HT-7U Superconducting Tokamak Device

The tokamak HT-7U project has been funded as a Chinese national project since 1998. The main object of the project is to build a nuclear fusion experimental device with divertor configuration, which is designed by the Institute of Plasma Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP). It is a full superconducting device, consisting of superconducting toroidal field (TF) coils and superconducting poloidal field (PF) coil. During the operation of the device, the operational parameter of device should be checked by technical diagnosis. This paper describes the design of circuit for checldng short between every two parts of the HT7U device. The main contents of design include circuit of data acquisition and data processing of computer.

Patient Safety in the Use of Mechanical Restraints: Regulatory Compliance among Hospitals in the City of Buenos Aires and Proposal for Its Improvement

Introduction: Mechanical or physical restraint is an exceptional therapeutic resource to immobilize a subject and thus guarantee the safety of the patient and/or third parties in the face of high-risk behaviors, but it entails multiple crossings (bioethical, philosophical, medical, psychological, legal). Framed in the so-called “safety culture” developed by the WHO, based on the Protocol for its implementation of the CABA and attentive to its frequent use in CABA by different hospital services (medical clinic, geriatrics, intensive care and medical guards) we consider it necessary its study in terms of compliance with the risks it entails and its management. Objectives: Identify regulatory compliance with the GCABA Mechanical restraint (MR) Protocol from a patient safety perspective, as well as describe the clinical and medicolegal aspects, and propose the usefulness of a tool for its management and control. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, transversal and prospective work through the analysis of Clinical Records with indication of MR using a rubric-type form. 177 cases were analyzed between September-November 2023 from three hospitals of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires, statistical parameters were applied and graphs were made. Results: Only 12.99% complied with the Protocol. In the mental health specialized hospital compliance was almost 5 times greater than in the general one, and in the emergency services compliance was 12 times greater than in Inpatient services. We found that the start or end time of MR was not recorded and only 43% described the causes/justifications for the indication (mostly in Emergency and Specialized hospitals), with the MR average time being shorter in Emergency. Conclusions: Only 1.3 out of 10 patients reliably completed the Protocol and it was mostly in the mental health specialized hospital and the emergency services. The results show non-compliance behavior in the application and management of the risk that the use of mechanical restraints entails, being causes for criminal litigation. We consider that the checklists are useful to complete the Protocol and thus provide security to patients and professionals.

DIAGNOSTIC CHECKING FOR TIME SERIES MODELS USING NONPARAMETRIC APPROACH

In time series modeling, the residuals are often checked for white noise and normality. In practice, the useful tests are Ljung Box test. Mcleod Li test and Lin Mudholkar test. In this paper, we present a nonparametric approach for checking the residuals of time series models. This approach is based on the maximal correlation coefficient ρ 2 * between the residuals and time t . The basic idea is to use the bootstrap to form the null distribution of the statistic ρ 2 * under the null hypothesis H 0:ρ 2 * =0. For calculating ρ 2 * , we proposes a ρ algorithm, analogous to ACE procedure. Power study shows this approach is more powerful than Ljung Box test. Meanwhile, some numerical results and two examples are reported in this paper.

An Extended Ontology Model and Ontology Checking Based on Description Logics

Ontology is defined as an explicit specification of a conceptualization. In this paper, an extended ontology model was constructed using description logics, which is a 5-tuples including term set, individual set, term definition set, instantiation assertion set and term restriction set. Based on the extended model, the issue on ontology checking was studied with the conclusion that the four kinds of term checking, including term satisfiability checking, term subsumption checking, term equivalence checking and term disjointness checking, can be reduced to the satisfiability checking, and satisfiability checking can be transformed into instantiation consistence checking.

Intrusion Detection Algorithm Based on Model Checking Interval Temporal Logic

Model checking based on linear temporal logic reduces the false negative rate of misuse detection.However,linear temporal logic formulae cannot be used to describe concurrent attacks and piecewise attacks.So there is still a high rate of false negatives in detecting these complex attack patterns.To solve this problem,we use interval temporal logic formulae to describe concurrent attacks and piecewise attacks.On this basis,we formalize a novel algorithm for intrusion detection based on model checking interval temporal logic.Compared with the method based on model checking linear temporal logic,the new algorithm can find unknown succinct attacks.The simulation results show that the new method can effectively reduce the false negative rate of concurrent attacks and piecewise attacks.

Elite capture,the“follow-up checks”policy,and the targeted poverty alleviation program:Evidence from rural western China

Decentralized methods for targeting poverty are widely adopted in developing countries to improve the performance of various poverty alleviation programs.A common challenge for implementing successful decentralized targeting is the existence of elite capture.China has recently implemented a nationwide decentralized poverty targeting program,the targeted poverty alleviation(TPA)policy,to achieve the national goal of eliminating absolute poverty by the end of 2020.As the largest decentralized poverty targeting program in the world,TPA's successful implementation was believed to be threatened by elite capture in some earlier reports.Since 2015,a targeting correction mechanism,called"follow-up checks"policy,has been introduced.With the"follow-up checks"policy,the elites and other ineligible households who receive benefits under TPA were removed from the program.This paper investigates the elite capture phenomenon in TPA using village census data from a poverty-stricken county in 2017-two years after implementing the"follow-up checks"policy.We find no evidence of elite capture in TPA.The elites are unlikely to become beneficiaries or receive more benefits than non-elites.Our results contradict earlier findings that reported elite capture in TPA.We argue that the reason is the accountability emphasized by the central government in the"follow-up checks"policy.Our findings imply that having proper accountability is critical for improving targeting performance by global antipoverty initiatives.

A New Design and Implementation of an Attendance Checking Node for Coal Mines

A novel design and implementation of an attendance checking node for coal mines based on the CAN bus is presented in this paper. Hardware circuits and programming methods for the attendance checking node are discussed,including the single-chip computer with CAN controller AT89C51CC03,the CAN bus transceiver TJA1050,the large capacity DataFlash memory,the real-time clock DS1302,the voice chip ISD2560 and the card-reading circuit in Wie-gand format. All the extended hardware satisfies the requirements for intrinsically safe circuits (GB3836.4-2000) and intrinsically safe authentication promoted by the national explosion-proof institute. Further,the software programming methods for the CAN controller (AT89C51CC03) and the implementation of the CAN communications protocol are presented as well.

Model Checking-Based Testing of Web Applications

A formal model representing the navigation behavior of a Web application as the Kripke structure is proposed and an approach that applies model checking to test case generation is presented. The Object Relation Diagram as the object model is employed to describe the object structure of a Web application design and can be translated into the behavior model. A key problem of model checking-based test generation for a Web application is how to construct a set of trap properties that intend to cause the violations of model checking against the behavior model and output of counterexamples used to construct the test sequences. We give an algorithm that derives trap properties from the object model with respect to node and edge coverage criteria.

Model Checking Workflow Net Based on Petri Net

The soundness is a very important criterion for the correctness of the workflow. Specifying the soundness with Computation Tree Logic （CTL） allows us to verify the soundness with symbolic model checkers. Therefore the state explosion problem in verifying soundness can be overcome efficiently. When the property is not satisfied by the system, model checking can give a counter-example, which can guide us to correct the workflow. In addition, relaxed soundness is another important criterion for the workflow. We also prove that Computation Tree Logic ＊ （CTL ＊ ） can be used to character the relaxed soundness of the workflow.

Breakdown of Superconductivity in Small Metallic Grains

Superconductivity in small metallic grains is carefully checked as their size is decreased to a few nm when the average level spacing d could be compared with the bulk gapΔ.Using random matrix theory to the mean field,we find that the average theoretical values of the critical level spacing for both odd and even numbers of electrons and the transition temperature Tc in three Gauss ensembles are quite different for those from the model of uniformly spaced levels.For Sz=1/2,as grain size is reduced,the transition temperature or the granular gap decreases monotonously,and the relation 2△(0)/kB T_(c)≤3.53 always exists.

Significance of three step prescription checking by pharmacists

In many hospitals,prescription checks are conducted by 2 or 3 individual pharmacists at each step of prescription checking,dispensing,and final checking to maintain the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical therapies in Japan[1,2].In Gunma University Hospital,we also check all prescriptions by 3 pharmacists at each step of dispensing(3 step prescription check system)with the exception of night time.In this study,to assess the significance of our 3 step prescription check system for managing safety of pharmaceutical therapies,we investigated prescriptions that needed the confirmation of questionable points and prescription corrections.

Spatial Topology Rule Checking Algorithm of Linear Entity Based on Quadtree

Spatial topology rule is the primary method to insure the consistency and validity of spatial topology relation in GIS software. Topology rule can be divided into three categories according to geographic entity’s geometric shape: point topology rule, line topology rule and polygon topology rule. At first, this paper summarizes the various linear geographic entities’ topological relations which have practical application, then designs a series of linear entity topology rules detailedly. Based on these rules, this paper proposes a topology rule checking algorithm using quadtree, which is designed on the basis of MAPGIS7.4 spatial data model. The algorithm has already been applied to MAPGIS platform and gained good effects.

Analysis of Security of Quantum Key Distribution Based on Entangled Photon Pairs by Model Checking

Quantum key distribution is a technique to securely distribute a bit string between two parties by using the laws of quantum mechanics. The security of this technique depends on the basis of quantum mechanics rather than the difficulty of the mathematical calculation as in the classical encoding. Researches in this field have shown that the quantum key distribution will be fully functioning outside the laboratory in a few years. Due to the complexity and the high efficiency of the device, the verification is needed. In this article, we use PRISM to verify the security of the quantum key distribution protocol, which uses the entangled photon based on BB84 protocol.