Superior growth performance in broiler chicks fed chelated compared to inorganic zinc in presence of elevated dietary copper

Background： The goal of this study was to compare the antagonism of elevated dietary Cu （250 mg/kg） from CuS04 on three different Zn sources （ZnS04. H20; [Zn bis（-2-hydroxy-4-（methylthio）butanoic acid）], Zn（HMTBa）2 a chelated Zn methionine hydroxy analogue; and Zn-Methionine）, as measured using multiple indices of animal performance in ROSS 308 broilers. Methods： Three experiments were conducted in broiler chicks fed a semi-purified diet. All birds were fed a Zn-deficient diet （8.5 mg/kg diet） for 1 wk, and then provided with the experimental diets for 2 wks. Results： Experiment 1 was a 2 x 2 factorial design with two levels of Cu （8 vs. 250 mg/kg diet from CuSO4） and two Zn sources at 30 mg/kg [ZnSO4. H20 vs. Zn（HMTBa）2]. Elevated Cu impaired growth performance only in birds fed ZnSO4. Compared to ZnSO4. H20, Zn（HMTBa）2 improved feed intake （12 %; P 〈 0.001） and weight gain （12 %, P 〈 0.001） and the benefits were more pronounced in the presence of 250 mg/kg diet Cu. Experiment 2 was a dose titration of ZnSO4- H20 and Zn（HMTBa）2 at 30, 4,5, 60, and 75 mg/kg diet in the presence of 250 mg/kg CuSO4. Feed：gain was decreased and tibia Zn was increased with increasing Zn levels from 30 to 75 mg/kg. Birds fed Zn（HMTBa）2 consumed more food and gained more weight compared to birds fed ZnSO4, especially at lower supplementation levels （30 and 45 mg/kg; interaction P 〈 0,05）. Experiment 3 compared two organic Zn sources （Zn（HMTBa）2 vs. Zn-Methionine） at 30 mg/kg with or without 250 mg/kg CuSO4. No interactions were observed between Zn sources and Cu levels on performance or tissue mineral concentrations. High dietary Cu decreased weight gain （P 〈 0.01）. Tibia Cu and liver Cu were significantly increased with 250 mg/kg dietary Cu supplementation （P 〈 0.01）. No difference was observed between the two Zn sources. Conclusions： Dietary 250 mg/kg Cu significantly impaired feed intake and weight gain in birds fed ZnSO4. H20, but had less impact in birds fed Zn（HMTBa）2. No difference was observed between the two organic zinc sources These results are consistent with the hypothesis that chelated organic Zn is better utilized than inorganic zinc in the presence of elevated Cu.

Progress on Study of Luminescence of Rare Earth Organic Chelates

Based on the investigation of the luminescence of a series of rare earth organic chelates, some relationships between luminescence and the structure of the chelates were proposed: the intensity of sensitized luminescence of central lanthanide ions(Ln 3+ ) in a rare earth organic chelate depends on (1)the suitability of the energy gap between the excited triplet energy level of the ligands and the lowest excited energy level of Ln 3+ ions; (2)the rigidity and planarity of the structure of the chelate molecule; (3)the existence of a suitable secondary ligand which may increase rigidity and the stability of the chelate molecule; and (4) the existence of a suitable π conjugated system in the chelate molecule. According to the above relationships, 25 novel organic ligands were designed and synthesized, and their lanthanide chelates were prepared. Investigation of the photoluminescence for the new chelates shows that some of the chelates are strongly luminescent, and are applied to fluoroimmunoassay for determination of human immunoglobulin(IgG), to preparation of fluorescent plastics, and to determination of growth hormone for plants. Two novel spectroscopy probe techniques for structure of coordination compounds and biological molecules were proposed and developed based on vibronic spectroscopy of Tb 3+ complexes and fluorescence of Ce 3+ .

Effect of Feeding a Combination of Zinc, Manganese and Copper Methionine Chelates of Early Lactation High Producing Dairy Cow

The objective of the study was to compare the effect of feeding mixed chelated minerals (Mn, Cu and Zn) methionine on dairy cow productive performance and milk yield and its components. The trial was conducted with dairy cows across various stage of lactation. The experimental treatments include chelated minerals (15 mg Zn as Zn Met, 20 mg Mn as Mn Met, 10 mg Cu as Cu Met). Inorganic mixture contains (15 mg Zn as ZnSO4, 20 mg Mn as MnSO4, 10 mg Cu as CuSO4) in sulphate forms. The experiment was commenced in the dry period of cows, 6 weeks before calving, and after calving the first three months of lactation was taken into consideration. Milk samples were collected from each cow evening and morning for estimation of milk yield production. The inorganic metals caused a significant decline (P < 0.05) in digestibility coefficients, nutritive value, nitrogen utilization, Cell wall constituents, total VFA’s, rumen volume, microbial and nitrogen synthesis compared to the organic metals. The treated group (chelated minerals) improved the milk yield, and the milk fat percentage of animals across various stages of lactation as compared to inorganic minerals treated group of animals, and no significant differences were observed among groups concerning the entire blood constituent.

STUDY ON THERMAL DECOMPOSITION KINETICS OF URUSHIOL METAL CHELATE POLYMERS

The thermal decomposition kinetics of urushiol-Cu, urushiol-Nd and urushiol-Ti chelatepolymers has been studied by non-isothermal thermogravimetry. The results suggest that thethermal decomposition kinetics of three chelate polymers are all of first order. Their averageactivation energy values of the thermal decomposition calculated by Ozawa-(I) method are 110,79, 136. 98 and 163. 64 kJ mol^(-1) respectively, which increase linearly with the metal valence of themetal chelate polymers

Structure of Copper Chelate of 2-Hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic Acid as Trace Mineral Additive in Animal Feeding

The chelate complex of Cu2＋ with 2-hydroxy-（4-methylthio）butanoate（MHA-H, the anion derived from the so-called methionine hydroxy-analogue, largely used in animal nutrition as a source of methionine, MHA） is an efficient, bioavailable trace mineral additive for animal feeding. The structure of MHA-H copper chelate was investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure（C10H18Cu O6S2, 1, monoclinic, space group P21/c, Z = 2, a = 16.158（4）, b = 4.9733（12）, c = 9.159（2） ？, β = 104.786（4）°） exhibits that two MHA-H ligands coordinate with a CuII ion to form a square-planar environment completed to an octahedron through interaction with carbonyl oxygens of neighboring molecules, which expand to constitute a two-dimensional sheet coordination network. And a separation between the hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties like micelles was found in the packing structure. X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis were used to study the phase purity of the bulk sample and thermostability of complex 1, respectively.

Studies on the Hydrogen Bonding Network Structures of Amino-konjacglucomannan-zinc Chelate

Amino-Konjacglucomannan （NH2-KGM） was prepared through the reaction of ammonium hydroxide with KGM by ultrasonic. The influence of amount of ammonium hydroxide, concentration of KGM and ultrasonic time on the extent of amination was studied. Then, NH2-KGM and zinc sulfate were used as materials for the preparation of NH2-KGM-Zn complex. The results indicated that the extent of amination increases with increasing the ammonium hydroxide. The optimum concentration of KGM and ultrasonic time are 0.3% and 75 rain respectively. IR showed KGM is successfully aminated and NH2-KGM forms stable complex with zinc（II ）. The hydrogen bonding network structures of NH2-KGM-Zn are more stable and the key linking points of hydrogen bonding network are at the OH（6） and 0（3） positions of mannose and OH（2） of glucose and 0（3） of mannose on the KGM ring. It is more favorable for NH2-KGM-Zn to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds between KGM.

Synthesis and Characterization of 2-Decyl-DTPA and Its Gd(Ⅲ) Chelate

The present paper covers the synthesis and the characterization of ligand 2-decyl-3,6,9-tris(carboxymethyl)-3,6,9-triazaundecan-1,11-dioic acid,H_5L,and its Gd(Ⅲ) chelate. The protonation constants for H_5L(lg K H_ i =10.90,8.50,4.55,2.92,2.20) and the stability constant for GdL 2- (lg K _ GdL 2- =22.80) were determined by means of potentiometric titration. They are similar to the corresponding values of DTPA and Gd-DTPA,respectively. The results obtained show that the basicity of the ligand and the stability constant of its Gd(Ⅲ) chelate are not obviously altered after the introduction of a linear chain decyl group into the terminal acetic acid residue of DTPA. The Gd(Ⅲ) chelate may be a potential contrast agent with liver-specificity for magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).

LABELING OF PROTEIN WITH A NEW EUROPIUM CHELATE OF 5-CHLOROSULFOYL-2-THENOYLTRIFLUOROACETONE(CTTA)AND APPLICATION TO IMMUNOASSAY

We describe for the first time the synthesis and the optimal conditions for protein labeling with a new fluorescent probe,5-chlorosulfoyl-2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone(CTTA),whicb forms a highly fluorescent conplex with Eu^(3+) when conjugated to protein.The labeled proteins were characterized by absorbance and fluorescence measurements and the effect of labeling on the biological activity of sone proteins was also studied.It is shown that the new label is suitable for applications in time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay.

Modification on Synthesis of Mixed Ligand Chelates by Using Di- and Trivalent Transition Metal Ions with Schiff Base as Primary Ligand

New mixed ligand chelates synthesized from di-and trivalent metal ions (Cr, Co, Ni, and Cu ions) and Schiff base (L1) resulted from the condensation of 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde with 2-aminophenol as primary ligand, whereas 2-nitroaniline (L2) represents the secondary ligand in a molar ratio of M:L1:L2 [1:1:1]. The synthesized Schiff base and chelates have been characterized by using several tools, such as, elemental analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic moment measurements, infrared and electronic spectra. The mass spectra of the ligands and Ni(II) chelate were used to justify the process of modification, as well as, the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum which was carried out for Cu(II) chelate all in order to elucidate the chemical and geometrical structure of the chelates. On the basis of the obtained data, the geometry of the products was proposed for all the chelates.

β CORRECTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR DETERMINATIONS OF COMPLEX RATIO OF METAL CHELATE AND ITS TRUE MOLAR ABSORPTIVITY

The mathematical equations of the effective percentage of a complexant and ite complex-ratio with a metal have been developed by means of the β-correction pinciple. From a real absorbance of the chelate produced,its true absorptivity can be determined accurately. The β-correction spectrophotometry was studied for the determinations of the desired parameters above, using the reaction of lead with Eriochrome Black T(EBT) at pll 8.2. The results show that the analytical sensitivity and precision by β-correction method are both mucb higher than those by the single wavelength method, the complex-ratio of Pb(Ⅱ) with EBT equals to 1:4 and the true molar absorptivity of Pb(EBT)4 chelate at 550 nm is 3.52,104 L.mol-1.cm-1.

Synthesis and Efficiency of a SphericalMacroporous Epoxy-dicyandiamide ChelateResin for Preconcentrating and SeparatingTrace Au, Hg, Pd and Ru from Samples

A novel spherical macroporous epoxy-dicyandiamide chelate resin was synthesized simply and rapidly from epoxy resin and used for the preconcentration and separation of trace amounts of Au (Ⅲ ), Hg (Ⅱ ), Pd (Ⅳ) and Ru (Ⅲ) ions from solution samples. The analyzed ions can be quantitatively concentrated by the resin at a flow rate of 2. 0 mL/min at pH 4, and can also be desorbed with 15 mL of 4 mol/L HCl + 0. 3 g thiourea from the resin column with recoveries of 96. 5%-99. 0%. After the chelate resin was reused for 7 times, the recoveries of these ions were still over 92%, and 400-1 000 times of excess of Fe(Ⅲ ), Al(Ⅲ ), Ni( II), Mn( Ⅱ ), Cr (Ⅲ ), Cu ( Ⅱ ), Cd (Ⅱ ) and Pb (Ⅱ ) caused little interference with the determination of these ions by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES ). The capacities of the resin for the analytes are in the range of 0. 35~0. 92 mmol/g. The RSDs of the proposed method are in the range of 1. 1 % ~4. 0% for each kind of the analyzed ions. The recoveries of a standard added in real solution samples are between 96. 5% and 98. 5%, and the results for the analyzed ions in a powder sample are in good agreement with their reported values.

PREPARATION AND CLEAVAGE MECHANISM OF CHELATES OF METAL IONS WITH EDTA LINKED TO OLIGODEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDES

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Synthesis and Fluorescent Properties of New Binuclear Europiumβ-Diketone Chelates Eu_mY_(1-m)(TTA)_3phen as Red Electroluminescent Materials

A new type of binuclear europlum β-diketone chelates Eum Y1-m(TTA)3 phen (0≤m≤1) and the influence of the proportion of Y on fluorescence intensity of the Eu-complexes were studied. It was found the proportion of Y3+ could affect the fluorescence properties and the film formation seriously. only m≥0.5.Y3+ could increase the luminescent intensity and improve the film formalion. As a resull. three new binuclear europium β-diketone chelales consisted of Eu, Y1-m (TTA)3phen (m=0.9. 0.7 and 0.5) were designed and synthesized. Their structures were elucidated by IR. UV. DSC and Elementary Analysis. Their PL properties were studied. The results showed that the three binuclear europium β-diketone chelates had better PL properties and film formation than Eu(TYA)3phen. They could emit sharply red light, and fluorescenl wavelength of them was all at 613nm (half bandwidth 10nm). They can be used as red organic electroluminescent materials (OELMs) in organic electrolminescent devices (OELDS).

Preparation of Polysulfone-supported Phosphoramidic Acid Type Chelate Membrane and Its Sorption Properties for Ag^+

A blending chelate filter membrane with high chelate capacity for Ag + has been prepared by blending of phosphoramidic acid resin and polysulfone. The major parameters influencing structure of the chelate filter membranes such as the blending ratio, phosphoramidic acid resin grain size and temperature of casting solution have been studied. The relationship among the chelate amount of Ag +, pH value, Ag + concentration and phosphoramidic acid resin grain diameter were examined. The chelate filter membrane had a capacity of 1 438 μg/cm 2 for Ag + under appropriate conditions. Sorption isotherm of Ag + could be expressed with the Freundlich sorption model. The dynamic chelate experiments proved that the sorption and desorption of membranes could be realized simultaneously for Ag +.

STUDY ON THE SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF MACRORETICULAR IPN POLYACRYLAMIDE—POLY(VINYL—ETHYLENEDIAMINE)CHELATE SORBENTS

A new series of MR-IPN polyacrylamide—poly(vinyl-ethylenediamine)chelate sorbents were prepared by the reaction of ethylenediamine with MR-IPN matrixes.The new chelate sorbent showed good sorption properties for auric and platinic ions.

BETA－CORRECTION SPECTROPHOTOMETR DETERMINATION OF COPPER ITS CHELATE＇S CHARACTERISTIC PAPAMETERS WITH o－IODOBENZENEDIAZOAMINOBENZENE－p－AZOBENZENE

The current ligand, o-iodobenzenediazoaminobenzene-p-azobe nzene (OIDAA) was synthesized for determining sensitively trace amounts of copper in metals at pH 12. The extraction with chloroform in the presence of 2, 9-dimethyl-1, 10-phenanthroline can remove other metal ions. By means of the bead-correction principle.the complex ratio of copper to OIDAA can be determined easily being 1:2 and the chelate's practical molar absorptivity at 500 nm and its instability constant at pH 12 were worked out. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0-0.20 mg/L Cu with the detection limit of 0.008 mg/L.

Investigation of third-order nonlinear optical properties of two azo-nickel chelate compounds

This paper investigates the third-order nonlinear optical properties of two azo-nickel chelate compounds by the optical Kerr gate method at 830 nm wavelength with pulse duration of 120 fs. Both of the two compounds exhibited large third-order optical nonlinearity. The second-order hyperpolarizability,γ, of Compound 1 is of 1.0 × 10^-31 esu. Due to the charge transfer, the γ of Compound 2 with electron donor and acceptor group is 4.9 × 10^-31 esu, which is a four-time enhancement in comparison with Compound i. The absorption spectra show that the electron push-pull effect, which induces intramolecular charge transfer, leads to the increased optical nonlinearity.

SYNTHESIS AND MESOMORPHIC PROPERTIES OF PALLADIUM CHELATES OF LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYSILOXANE WITH β-DIKETONE-BASED SIDE CHAINS

A new type of palladium chelate of β-diketone-based side chain liquid crystal polysiloxane (Pd-DKLCP) has been synthesized by chelation reaction of palladium dichloride with polymeric ligand, β-diketone polysiloxane (DKLCP), using THF as solvent at R.T.. The Pd-chelation results in greatly increasing the phase transition temperature T_K and the enthalpy change △H_K from crystal to liquid crystal state and making the temperature range of LC state △T(△T=T_(Cl)-T_K) widened. All these chelates Pd-DKLCP's do not show T_(Cl) until decomposition at 205℃. It is noteworthy that the Pd-chelation can exert more positive effect on the mesomorphic behaviour of the polymer ligand than the counterpart Cu-DKLCP does. It is probable due to the bigger size of disc-like mesogen formed from β-diketone and Pd^(+2) ion with 4d orbital.

THE MECHANISM OF SURFACE METALLIZATION OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL COMPLEX METAL CHELATE FILMS

A novel method for preparing metalllzed film has been studied.The reduction process and properties of the poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)were probed by several analytic means.According to the etudies,a mechanism for the polymer surface reduction metallization was proposed and proved.

A FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING IMNUNOASSAY METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF TRACE ALBUMIN USING UNLABELED EUROPIUM CHELATE

A fluoroimmunoassay method using unlabeled europium chelate is described.The principle is similar to that of fluoroimmunoassay method using lanthanide chelate as labels.The procedure is simple because labeling process is omitted.The detection limit is about 10^(10) mol/L antigen.The relative standard deviation of immunoassay is less than 10%.The recoveries of human serum albumin and estradiol protein conjugate are 96-105% and 111% respectively.