Urban Chemical Industrial Cluster Area Restructuring and Determinants: A Case Study of a Typical Old Chemical Industry Area Along the Yangtze River, China

China is in a transitional period between urban renewal and industrial change.In this period,the focus has been on the suburbanization of enterprises and land transformation in old industrial areas,particularly areas with chemical industries.A life cycle theoretical framework was established to develop chemical industrial zones in the context of urban expansion and land function conversion.The long-term historical processes and mechanisms that transformed a typical old chemical industry area along the Yangtze River,Yanziji Area of Nanjing City were unveiled and comparatively analyzed.The study found that the entire life cycle of the case study area was formed through the combined action of different influencing factors.Traditional industrial location factors played important roles during the rise and continuity of the chemical industry zone,while unconventional environmental regulations and government policies drove its decline and transformation.In the transformation of the old chemical zone,the renewal and redevelopment of industrial land into higher-value residential land is a key link determining the feasibility of government fund compensation and the circulation of capital.These findings demonstrate that regional control and environmental regulation play crucial roles in determining the location of polluting industries and the renewal of urban industrial areas.This research enhances the understanding of the development history and reconstruction of chemical industry clusters and plots within megacities at a finer geographic scale.

Heterogeneous catalysis under flow for the 21st century fine chemical industry

Due to metal leaching and poor catalyst stability, the chemical industry's fine chemical and pharmaceutical sectors have been historically reluctant to use supported transition metal catalysts to manufacture fine chemicals and active pharmaceutical ingredients. With the advent of new generation supported metal catalysts and flow chemistry, we argue in this study, this situation is poised to quickly change. Alongside heterogenized metal nanoparticles, both single-site molecular and single-atom catalyst will become ubiquitous. This study offers a critical outlook taking into account both technical and economic aspects.

Further Enhancing the International Competitiveness of China's Chemical Industry

Foreign-oriented Economy Entering a New Stage The Eighth Five-year Plan period saw the fastest development of the foreign-oriented economy in China’s chemical industry, with an accumulated import and export value of US$100 billion, including US$38.3 billion of exports. In 1996 the total import and export value reached US$30 billion, including US$12 billion of exports. Now, more than 300 chemical enterprises and institutes have obtained foreign

China's Chemical Industry:Scientific and Technical Goals Set for the Ninth Five-Year Plan

China’s chemical industry is an important industrial sector in the national economy, closely related to other sectors and consumer markets. The industry produces agricultural chemicals made from coal, petroleum, natural gas, natural ore and biological substances, in addition to organic and inorganic raw materials, compound materials, fine chemicals, and chemicals for special purposes. The industry also uses

China Must Follow a Wise Approach to the Development of Heavy Chemical Industry

At present,China is the world’s largest consumer of iron ore, nickel,copper,steel,coal and cement,and the world’s second largest consumer of oil,alumina,electricity and energy.Currently, China is creating 4～5% of the world’s GDP by consuming 8.92% of the world’s oil,32.1% of raw coal,30.7% of iron ore,28% of steel.20% of alumina and 50% of cement.

Beijing Research Institute of the Chemical Industry

Founded in 1958 and directly under the Ministry of the Chemical Industry, the Beijing Research Institute of the Chemical Industry (BRICI) engages in research and development in the fields of petrochemicals, fine chemicals, polymer synthesis and processing, and environmental protection. In the past 30 years or more, the institute has achieved many important scientific results of the State level, and it has signed in rccent years several hundred science and research contracts with

Minister on 9th Five-Year Plan of China's Chemical Industry

At the beginning of 1995, Gu Xiulian, Minister of the Chemical Industry, gave a briefing to the media on the newly-drafted 9th Five-Year Plan(1996-2000) for China’s chemical industry. She said that unlike the past development plans under the planned economy system, the new plan orients the product mix, industry structure, enterprise structure and regional distribution to the needs of the domestic and world markets, and co-ordinates the development of state-

China Council for the Promotion of International Trade China Chamber of International Commerce CCPIT Sub-Council of Chemical Industry

The CCPIT Sub-council of Chemical Industry is a subsidiary of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and the China Chamber of International Commerce.

Construction of hybrid constructed wetlands for phosphorus chemical industry tailwater treatment in the middle Yangtze river basin:Responses of plant growth and root-associated microbial communities

Constructed wetlands are commonly utilized to treat industrial wastewater due to their effectiveness,affordability,and environmental benefits.Many phosphorus chemical enterprises in the middle Yangtze River basin are facing high pollution load challenges and efforts are needed to improve removal efficiency of pollutants.This work was the first to use constructed wetlands for phosphorus chemical industry tailwater(PCITW)treatment.The new hybrid constructed wetlands(CWs)proposed were the aeration horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland(AHSCW)and the integrated vertical flow constructed wetland(IVCW),which were constructed on a pilot scale.Here,the effectiveness of pollutant removal along hybrid CWs,wetland plant growth,and rootassociated microbial community responses to the PCITW were investigated.The results showed that there was spatial variation in removal of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in the hybrid CWs,and that the AHSCW and the IVCW played synergistic roles in the removal of pollutants.Compared with influent,the toxic effect of effluent to embryos of a rare minnow(Gobiocypris rarus)was alleviated.Exposure to the effluent resulted in no malformation or death for embryos.Plants and microorganisms in the wetland system of the phosphate chemical tailwater were then compared with the control system of municipal tailwater.Plants in the former system had lower root density,and higher average root diameter,root shoot ratio,specific root length,and specific surface area.Plant roots also had decreased NH_(4)^(+)uptake ability but increased Ca^(2+)uptake to adapt to the high load and complex pollution stress.Unlike the control system,stochastic mechanisms had a more important role than deterministic processes in shaping the microbial community assembly associated with the PCITW.Meanwhile,analysis of microbial network-level topological characteristics demonstrated substantial reduction in network interactions complexity and microbiome stability in the treatment system.Findings from this study suggest wetlands will be helpful for efficient purification of phosphorus chemical industry wastewater in the Yangtze River basin.

Effect of alkalinity on nitrite accumulation in treatment of coal chemical industry wastewater using moving bed biofilm reactor

Nitrogen removal via nitrite （the nitrite pathway） is more suitable for carbon-limited industrial wastewater. Partial nitrification to nitrite is the primary step to achieve nitrogen removal via nitrite. The effect of alkalinity on nitrite accumulation in a continuous process was investigated by progressively increasing the alkalinity dosage ratio （amount of alkalinity to ammonia ratio, mol/mol）. There is a close relationship among alkalinity, pH and the state of matter present in aqueous solution. When alkalinity was insufficient （compared to the theoretical alkalinity amount）, ammonia removal efficiency increased first and then decreased at each alkalinity dosage ratio, with an abrupt removal efficiency peak. Generally, ammonia removal efficiency rose with increasing alkalinity dosage ratio. Ammonia removal efficiency reached to 88% from 23% when alkalinity addition was sufficient. Nitrite accumulation could be achieved by inhibiting nitrite oxidizing bacteria （NOB） by free ammonia （FA） in the early period and free nitrous acid in the later period of nitrification when alkalinity was not adequate. Only FA worked to inhibit the activity of NOB when alkalinity addition was sufficient.

Forward osmosis coupled with lime-soda ash softening for volume minimization of reverse osmosis concentrate and CaCO_(3) recovery: A case study on the coal chemical industry

Reverse osmosis(RO)is frequently used for water reclamation from treated wastewater or desalination plants.The RO concentrate(ROC)produced from the coal chemical industry(CCI)generally contains refractory organic pollutants and extremely high-concentration inorganic salts with a dissolved solids content of more than 20 g/L contributed by inorganic ions,such as Na^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Cl^(−),and SO_(4)^(2−).To address this issue,in this study,we focused on coupling forward osmosis(FO)with chemical softening(FO-CS)for the volume minimization of CCI ROC and the recovery of valuable resources in the form of CaCO_(3).In the case of the real raw CCI ROC,softening treatment by lime-soda ash was shown to effectively remove Ca^(2+)/Ba^(2+)(>98.5%)and Mg^(2+)/Sr^(2+)/Si(>80%),as well as significantly mitigate membrane scaling during FO.The softened ROC and raw ROC corresponded to a maximum water recovery of 86%and 54%,respectively.During cyclic FO tests(4×10 h),a 27%decline in the water flux was observed for raw ROC,whereas only 4%was observed for softened ROC.The cleaning efficiency using EDTA was also found to be considerably higher for softened ROC(88.5%)than that for raw ROC(49.0%).In addition,CaCO3(92.2%purity)was recovered from the softening sludge with an average yield of 5.6 kg/m^(3) treated ROC.This study provides a proof-of-concept demonstration of the FO-CS coupling process for ROC volume minimization and valuable resources recovery,which makes the treatment of CCI ROC more efficient and more economical.

Gu Xiulian: Minister of Chemical Industry Retains Normal Homelife

ON March 14, the evening of the Lantern Festival, I arrived at Gu Xiulian’s home punctually at 7 p.m., the chosen time for my interview. As I rang the doorbell, I felt a little nervous. The thought of interviewing this high ranking government official, who regularly appeared on television and whose speeches on chemical production could be read in the newspapers, was daunting. To my great surprise, as I entered the apartment, I smelled appetizing food and saw Gu in an apron, preparing

SITUATION AND OUTLOOK OF CHINA'S CHEMICAL FERTILIZER INDUSTRY

China has made remarkable progress in Chethecal fertilizer (CF) industryin the past decades. Ih 1995 the output of CF reached 24.97 whllion (M for short)tons. The aggregate consumphon in the past 46 years (from 1949-1995) came to449.68 M tons, including 337.26 M tons produtal domestically and 112.42 M tonsimported from abroad. The rate of selfsrmdency of the industry was about 75percent The demand for the year 2000 is estimated to be 42 M tons. The averaglevel of nutriats contained in China-made CF is 27 percen. Ingh conotrationfertilizers shall be developed as a major means to raise product quality. The averagecontent of nutnents will increase up to 32 percat by 2000. The reduction of energyconsumption and the upgrading oftechnology and equipment shall be another aspectwhich should be heded for China's CF industry in the future.

Guangzhou Huali Pigment Chemicals Industry Co.

China is a major exporter of lithopone, occupying 70% of the international market. In the 1990s the Guangzhou Huali Pigment Chemicals Industry Co. grasped the opportunity to revamp its installation to produce 50,000 tons of lithopone from the former output of 30,000 tons each year. It ranks first place among the enterprises of the same trade in the world. Its annual exports are 20,000 tons, 1/4 of China’s total. The company pays close attention on the namebrand strategy. The Baiyun-

Effect of a high strength chemical industry wastewater on microbial community dynamics and mesophilic methane generation

A high strength chemical industry wastewater was assessed for its impact on anaerobic microbial com- munity dynamics and consequently mesophilic methane generation. Cumulative methane production was 251 mL/g total chemical oxygen demand removed at standard temperature and pressure at the end of 30 days experimental period with a highest recorded methane percentage of 80.6% of total biogas volume. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） analysis revealed that acetic acid was the major intermediate VFAs produced with propionic acid accumulating over the experimental period. Quantitative analysis of microbial communities in the test and control groups with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction highlighted that in the test group, Eubacteria （96.3%） was dominant in comparison with methanogens （3.7%）. The latter were dominated by Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales while in test groups increased over the experimental period, reaching a maximum on day 30. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile was performed, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Eubacteria and Archaea, with the DNA samples extracted at 3 different time points from the test groups. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the sequences using the neighborhood joining method. The analysis revealed that the presence of organisms resembling Syntrophomonadaceae could have contributed to increased production of acetic and propionic acid intermediates while decrease of organisms resembling Pelotomaculum sp. could have most likely contributed to accumulation of propionic acid. This study suggested that the degradation of organic components within the high strength industrial wastewater is closely linked with the activity of certain niche microbial communities within eubacteria and methanogens.

Technology Development Road for Chemical Fiber Industry in China (Part One)

Speech given by Mr. Zheng Zhiyi, President of China Chemical Fiber Association, at the 13th China International MMF Conference (Ke Qiao 2007)

Operation of China's Chemical Fiber Industry 2005

Under the pressure of the lasting-high prices of world oil and raw materials of chemical fiber, the increasingly serious environment of international textile trade, and the fluctuation of RMB exchange rate, China’s chemical fiber industry suffered some embarrassments in the first half year of 2005, but redeveloped in the other half.