This article illustrates the procedural specificities of the following eight contemporary methods of final disposition: (1) Natural Organic Reduction, (2) Alkaline Hydrolysis, (3) Plastination, (4) Body Farm, (5) Cryo...This article illustrates the procedural specificities of the following eight contemporary methods of final disposition: (1) Natural Organic Reduction, (2) Alkaline Hydrolysis, (3) Plastination, (4) Body Farm, (5) Cryonics, (6) Memorial Reefs, (7) Organic Burial Pods, and (8) Space Funeral. After comparing the differences in the duration of body-processing time of all eight methods, Alkaline Hydrolysis was determined to take the shortest length of time to complete (6 - 8 hours), while Plastination was deemed to take the longest length of time to complete (1 year). Additionally, with regard to comparing the differences in cost to the consumer, Plastination and Body Farm were both deemed to be of the lowest cost ($0/body donation only), while Cryonics was deemed to be the most expensive ($200,000+ due to ongoing subfreezing storage and maintenance fees). Finally, after comparing the differences in each state’s set of sanctioned methods of final disposition, it was established that the seventeen states that restrict their residents’ options the most, permitting only two out of the eight contemporary options, include Alaska, Arkansas, Delaware, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, and that the two states that restrict their residents the least, permitting six out of the eight contemporary options include California and Florida.展开更多
One chemical approach using nitric acid as the solvent to decompose thermosetting epoxy resin was discussed. The samples were prepared by using different kinds of curing agents, namely polyamide (PA651), isophorone di...One chemical approach using nitric acid as the solvent to decompose thermosetting epoxy resin was discussed. The samples were prepared by using different kinds of curing agents, namely polyamide (PA651), isophorone diamine (IPDA), 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) and 2-ethyl-4-methy-imidazole (EMI-2,4) and different kinds of epoxy resins, namely bisphenol-A epoxy resin(E-44), bisphenol-A epoxy resin(E-51), N,N,N',N' teraglycidy 4,4' diaminodiphenyl methane (AG-80) and diglycidyl-4,5-epoxycyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (TDE-85). Their effects on decomposition rate were investigated and the decomposition products were analyzed by Infra-red (IR) spectra, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on conclusions drawn from experiments, the mechanism of degrading thermosetting epoxy resin with nitric acid was envisaged tentatively.展开更多
Catalytic direct decomposition of NO by perovskite-type catalysts has attracted much attention for the various possible components and the unique structure. LaCoO_3 nanoparticles were precipitated on a-Al_2O_3 micro p...Catalytic direct decomposition of NO by perovskite-type catalysts has attracted much attention for the various possible components and the unique structure. LaCoO_3 nanoparticles were precipitated on a-Al_2O_3 micro powders by rotary chemical vapor deposition(rotary CVD) and its catalytic performance for the decomposition of NO was investigated. LaCoO_3 nano-particles with 100 nm in average diameter and 1.5% in mass were uniformly dispersed on a-Al_2O_3 powder. The conversion of NO increased with increasing temperature from 400 to 950 ℃, and reached 28.7% at 950 ℃. The gas velocity of transformed NO on LaCoO_3 nano-particles catalyst per mass unit was 7.7 mL/(g min), showing a good catalytic activity over the calculated results of pure catalysts. After five times of aging performance experiments, the NO conversion kept the same value, showing a good aging performance and thermal stability.展开更多
A novel CVD process for the preparation of ultrafine rhenium powders was investigated using ammonium perrhenate as starting materials. In the process, volatile rhenium oxides, such as ReO4 and Re2O7, were vaporized un...A novel CVD process for the preparation of ultrafine rhenium powders was investigated using ammonium perrhenate as starting materials. In the process, volatile rhenium oxides, such as ReO4 and Re2O7, were vaporized under a controlled oxidizing atmosphere via the pyrolysis of ammonium perrhenate, and carried into reduction zone by carrier gas, and there reduced into rhenium powders by hydrogen gas. Thermodynamic calculations indicated that Re207 could be prevented from further decomposition through controlling the oxygen partial pressure higher than 10 1.248 Pa in the pyrolysis of ammonium perrhenate. This result was further validated via DSC-TGA analysis of ammonium perrhenate. The typical rhenium powders prepared by the CVD method proposed show irregular polyhedron morphology with particle size in the range of 100-800 nm and a Ds0 of 308 nm. The specific surface area and oxygen content were measured to be 4.37 m^2/g and 0.45%, respectively.展开更多
Recent advances in the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are reviewed with an emphasis on the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a sole source of carbon. Compared to the most widely used carbon precursors such as ...Recent advances in the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are reviewed with an emphasis on the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a sole source of carbon. Compared to the most widely used carbon precursors such as graphite, methane, acetylene, ethanol, ethylene, and coal-derived hydrocarbons, CO2 is competitively cheaper with relatively high carbon yield content. However, CNT synthesis from CO2 is a newly emerging technology, and hence it needs to be ex- plored further. A theoretical and analytical comparison of the cur- rently existing CNT-CO2 synthesis techniques is given including a review of some of the process parameters (i.e., temperature, pres- sure, catalyst, etc.) that affect the CO2 reduction rate. Such analysis indicates that there is still a fundamental need to further explore the following aspects so as to realize the full potential of CO2 based CNT technology: (1) the CNT-CO2 synthesis and formation mechanism, (2) catalytic effects of transitional metals and mechanisms, (3) uti- lization of metallocenes in the CNT-CO2 reactions, (4) applicability of ferrite-organometallic compounds in the CNT-CO2 synthesis reactions, and (5) the effects of process parameters such as temperature, etc.展开更多
文摘This article illustrates the procedural specificities of the following eight contemporary methods of final disposition: (1) Natural Organic Reduction, (2) Alkaline Hydrolysis, (3) Plastination, (4) Body Farm, (5) Cryonics, (6) Memorial Reefs, (7) Organic Burial Pods, and (8) Space Funeral. After comparing the differences in the duration of body-processing time of all eight methods, Alkaline Hydrolysis was determined to take the shortest length of time to complete (6 - 8 hours), while Plastination was deemed to take the longest length of time to complete (1 year). Additionally, with regard to comparing the differences in cost to the consumer, Plastination and Body Farm were both deemed to be of the lowest cost ($0/body donation only), while Cryonics was deemed to be the most expensive ($200,000+ due to ongoing subfreezing storage and maintenance fees). Finally, after comparing the differences in each state’s set of sanctioned methods of final disposition, it was established that the seventeen states that restrict their residents’ options the most, permitting only two out of the eight contemporary options, include Alaska, Arkansas, Delaware, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, and that the two states that restrict their residents the least, permitting six out of the eight contemporary options include California and Florida.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50973023and50773016)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(Grant No.NCET-09-0060)
文摘One chemical approach using nitric acid as the solvent to decompose thermosetting epoxy resin was discussed. The samples were prepared by using different kinds of curing agents, namely polyamide (PA651), isophorone diamine (IPDA), 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) and 2-ethyl-4-methy-imidazole (EMI-2,4) and different kinds of epoxy resins, namely bisphenol-A epoxy resin(E-44), bisphenol-A epoxy resin(E-51), N,N,N',N' teraglycidy 4,4' diaminodiphenyl methane (AG-80) and diglycidyl-4,5-epoxycyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (TDE-85). Their effects on decomposition rate were investigated and the decomposition products were analyzed by Infra-red (IR) spectra, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on conclusions drawn from experiments, the mechanism of degrading thermosetting epoxy resin with nitric acid was envisaged tentatively.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51372188 and 51521001)the 111 Project(B13035)+3 种基金the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(2014DFA53090)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(2016CFA006)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0310400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:2017II43GX,2017III032)
文摘Catalytic direct decomposition of NO by perovskite-type catalysts has attracted much attention for the various possible components and the unique structure. LaCoO_3 nanoparticles were precipitated on a-Al_2O_3 micro powders by rotary chemical vapor deposition(rotary CVD) and its catalytic performance for the decomposition of NO was investigated. LaCoO_3 nano-particles with 100 nm in average diameter and 1.5% in mass were uniformly dispersed on a-Al_2O_3 powder. The conversion of NO increased with increasing temperature from 400 to 950 ℃, and reached 28.7% at 950 ℃. The gas velocity of transformed NO on LaCoO_3 nano-particles catalyst per mass unit was 7.7 mL/(g min), showing a good catalytic activity over the calculated results of pure catalysts. After five times of aging performance experiments, the NO conversion kept the same value, showing a good aging performance and thermal stability.
文摘A novel CVD process for the preparation of ultrafine rhenium powders was investigated using ammonium perrhenate as starting materials. In the process, volatile rhenium oxides, such as ReO4 and Re2O7, were vaporized under a controlled oxidizing atmosphere via the pyrolysis of ammonium perrhenate, and carried into reduction zone by carrier gas, and there reduced into rhenium powders by hydrogen gas. Thermodynamic calculations indicated that Re207 could be prevented from further decomposition through controlling the oxygen partial pressure higher than 10 1.248 Pa in the pyrolysis of ammonium perrhenate. This result was further validated via DSC-TGA analysis of ammonium perrhenate. The typical rhenium powders prepared by the CVD method proposed show irregular polyhedron morphology with particle size in the range of 100-800 nm and a Ds0 of 308 nm. The specific surface area and oxygen content were measured to be 4.37 m^2/g and 0.45%, respectively.
文摘Recent advances in the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are reviewed with an emphasis on the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a sole source of carbon. Compared to the most widely used carbon precursors such as graphite, methane, acetylene, ethanol, ethylene, and coal-derived hydrocarbons, CO2 is competitively cheaper with relatively high carbon yield content. However, CNT synthesis from CO2 is a newly emerging technology, and hence it needs to be ex- plored further. A theoretical and analytical comparison of the cur- rently existing CNT-CO2 synthesis techniques is given including a review of some of the process parameters (i.e., temperature, pres- sure, catalyst, etc.) that affect the CO2 reduction rate. Such analysis indicates that there is still a fundamental need to further explore the following aspects so as to realize the full potential of CO2 based CNT technology: (1) the CNT-CO2 synthesis and formation mechanism, (2) catalytic effects of transitional metals and mechanisms, (3) uti- lization of metallocenes in the CNT-CO2 reactions, (4) applicability of ferrite-organometallic compounds in the CNT-CO2 synthesis reactions, and (5) the effects of process parameters such as temperature, etc.