The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a simple and fast method for solving the time-dependent Bloch-McConnell equations describing the behavior of magnetization in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the presen...The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a simple and fast method for solving the time-dependent Bloch-McConnell equations describing the behavior of magnetization in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the presence of multiple chemical exchange pools. First, the time-dependent Bloch- McConnell equations were reduced to a homogeneous linear differential equation, and then a simple equation was derived to solve it using a matrix operation and Kronecker tensor product. From these solutions, the longitudinal relaxation rate (R1ρ) and transverse relaxation rate in the rotating frame (R2ρ) and Z-spectra were obtained. As illustrative examples, the numerical solutions for linear and star-type three-pool chemical exchange models and linear, star- type, and kite-type four-pool chemical exchange models were presented. The effects of saturation time (ST) and radiofrequency irradiation power (ω1) on the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effect in these models were also investigated. Although R1ρ and R2ρ were not affected by the ST, the CEST effect observed in the Z-spectra increased and saturated with increasing ST. When ω1 was varied, the CEST effect increased with increasing ω1 in R1ρ, R2ρ, and Z-spectra. When ω1 was large, however, the spillover effect due to the direct saturation of bulk water protons also increased, suggesting that these parameters must be determined in consideration of both the CEST and spillover effects. Our method will be useful for analyzing the complex CEST contrast mechanism and for investigating the optimal conditions for CEST MRI in the presence of multiple chemical exchange pools.展开更多
Magnetic nanoparticles （Fe304） were prepared by chemical precipitation method using Fe^2＋ and Fe^3＋ salts with sodium hydroxide in the nitrogen atmosphere. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were coated with human serum albumin...Magnetic nanoparticles （Fe304） were prepared by chemical precipitation method using Fe^2＋ and Fe^3＋ salts with sodium hydroxide in the nitrogen atmosphere. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were coated with human serum albumin（HSA） for magnetic resonance imaging as contrast agent. Characteristics of magnetic particles coated or uncoated were carried out using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Zeta potentials, package effects and distributions of colloid particles were measured to confirm the attachment of HSA on magnetic particles. Effects of Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with HSA on magnetic resonance imaging were investigated with rats. The experimental results show that the adsorption of HSA on magnetic particles is very favorable to dispersing of magnetic Fe3O4 particles, while the sizes of Fe3O4 particles coated are related to the molar ratio of Fe3O4 to HSA. The diameters of the majority of particles coated are less than 100 nm. Fe3O4 nanoparticle coated with HSA has a good biocompatibility and low toxicity. This new contrast agent has some effects on the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of liver and the lowest dosage is 20μmol/kg for the demands of diagnosis.展开更多
The value of the combined in-phase (IP) and opposed-phase (OP) T1-weighted (T1-W) breath-hold FLASH sequences for hepatic imaging, especially for fat content, was evaluated. Non- contrast-enhanced IP and OP T1-W GRE ...The value of the combined in-phase (IP) and opposed-phase (OP) T1-weighted (T1-W) breath-hold FLASH sequences for hepatic imaging, especially for fat content, was evaluated. Non- contrast-enhanced IP and OP T1-W GRE breath-hold images were obtained in 76 patients refereed for abdominal MRI at 1. 5T. 76 patients were divided into three groups for analysis: (1) liver with- out mass (n=8); (2) liver with hepatoma (n=34); (3) liver with haemangioma or cyst (n=34). Liver/spleen and liver/lesion signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were assessed for lesion detection. Images between IP and OP sequences were compared quantitatively. The results showed that there was not statistically significant difference in liver/spleen and liver/lesion SNR be- tween IP and OP sequences. In the patients with fatty infiltration, the OP sequences yielded substan- tially lower values for liver/spleen and liver/lesion SNR than those of the IP sequences. Further- more, OP imaging showed fatty infiltration in 14 cases and demonstrated hyperintense peritumor rim in 4 cases. In 14 cases of fatty infiltration, many lesions were identified using IP images. The use of IP and OP GRE sequences provides complementary diagnostic information for hepatic lesions and fat content. Focal hepatic lesions may be obscured in the setting of fatty infiltration if only OP sequences are employed. A complete assessment of the liver with MR should include both IP and OP imaging.展开更多
To evaluate in an interventional trial on knee osteoarthritis（OA） the level and change of two serum biomarkers and their correlation with imaging parameters.The previously reported interventional OA study（ClinicalT...To evaluate in an interventional trial on knee osteoarthritis（OA） the level and change of two serum biomarkers and their correlation with imaging parameters.The previously reported interventional OA study（ClinicalTrials.gov：NCT00536302） identified a positive effect of collagen hydrolysate（CH） on cartilage morphology in patients with knee OA using delayed gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging（dGEMRIC）.It was the objective in this research project to evaluate in an interventional clinical trial on knee OA the level and change of two serum biomarkers and their correlation with imaging parameters.In blood samples of study participants,we determined the concentration of procollagen type II N-terminal propeptide（PIIANP） and aggrecan chondroitin sulfate 846 epitope（CS846） at baseline（BL） and at the follow-up（FU） visits at 24 and 48 weeks.We measured the level and change of biomarker concentrations in both study groups,and the correlation of those changes with changes in dGEMRIC.For the biomarker PIIANP,we observed a significantly greater increase in the CH group（29.9%vs.1.2%at week 24,P =0.001）.For CS846,the mean concentration was lower among the CH treated participants at 24 weeks（78%vs.96%,P= 0.045）.Consistent correlations of changes in biomarkers PIIANP and CS846 with changes of the dGEMRIC score could not be observed.In this study,different changes per treatment group,CH and placebo were seen for dGEMRIC and PIIANP BL to 24 weeks FU,but only weak correlations between changes in dGEMRIC and biochemical markers.展开更多
目的:利用化学位移编码磁共振成像(chemical-shift-encoded magnetic resonance imaging,CSE-MRI)技术定量检测脂肪组织脂肪酸组分,分析直肠癌患者不同部位脂肪酸组分变化情况,探讨该技术应用于评价脂肪酸影响直肠癌发生、发展的价值。...目的:利用化学位移编码磁共振成像(chemical-shift-encoded magnetic resonance imaging,CSE-MRI)技术定量检测脂肪组织脂肪酸组分,分析直肠癌患者不同部位脂肪酸组分变化情况,探讨该技术应用于评价脂肪酸影响直肠癌发生、发展的价值。方法:对2021年10月—2022年12月于复旦大学附属华东医院经术后病理学检查证实的直肠腺癌患者术前行直肠常规MRI扫描和多回波梯度回波CSE-MRI检查以测定直肠系膜、肠系膜和臀部皮下3个部位的脂肪组织脂肪酸组分[包括饱和脂肪酸分数(fraction of saturated fatty acid,fSFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸分数(fraction of monounsaturated fatty acid,fMUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸分数(fraction of polyunsaturated fatty acid,fPUFA)]。同期入组与年龄性别相匹配的对照组非直肠癌患者20例。分析直肠癌组与对照组间以及直肠癌患者中各部位脂肪组织脂肪酸组分变化,评价脂肪酸在肿瘤发生发展过程中的作用;分别分析直肠癌淋巴血管侵犯(lymphovascular invasion,LVI)、周围神经侵犯(peripheral nerve invasion,PNI)阳性组和阴性组各部位脂肪组织脂肪酸组分变化,评价脂肪酸对肿瘤侵袭性的影响。脂肪酸分数参数测量的观察者间一致性通过组内相关系数(intraclass correlation coefficient,ICC)评估。两组间差异分析用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验;多组间差异分析用单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA)或Kruskal-Wallis H(K)检验。结果:共纳入56例直肠腺癌患者,包括男性36例,女性20例,平均(65.1±10.1)岁;LVI阳性11例(19.6%),PNI阳性10例(17.9%)。对照组20例,其中男性12例,女性8例,平均(66.3±8.8)岁。观察者间各部位各脂肪酸分数的测量相关性良好,ICC均>0.60。直肠癌组中直肠系膜脂肪组织fSFA高于对照组(37.2±4.2 vs 35.0±2.7,P=0.035);直肠癌患者中直肠系膜、肠系膜与臀部皮下脂肪组织中的fMUFA(分别为37.5±2.4、37.3±8.1和40.6±8.7,P=0.003)和fPUFA(分别为24.9±4.1、26.3±4.9和21.5±4.7,P<0.001)的差异均有统计学意义;LVI(+)直肠癌直肠系膜脂肪中fMUFA高于LVI(-)组(38.8±1.5 vs 37.1±2.5,P=0.035);PNI(+)/(-)直肠癌组间各部位脂肪组织各脂肪酸分数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:①直肠癌患者直肠系膜脂肪SFA分数与正常对照组存在差异;②直肠癌患者直肠系膜和肠系膜脂肪的fMUFA和fPUFA与皮下脂肪组织之间存在差异;③直肠癌患者直肠系膜脂肪fMUFA与LVI存在关联。展开更多
文摘The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a simple and fast method for solving the time-dependent Bloch-McConnell equations describing the behavior of magnetization in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the presence of multiple chemical exchange pools. First, the time-dependent Bloch- McConnell equations were reduced to a homogeneous linear differential equation, and then a simple equation was derived to solve it using a matrix operation and Kronecker tensor product. From these solutions, the longitudinal relaxation rate (R1ρ) and transverse relaxation rate in the rotating frame (R2ρ) and Z-spectra were obtained. As illustrative examples, the numerical solutions for linear and star-type three-pool chemical exchange models and linear, star- type, and kite-type four-pool chemical exchange models were presented. The effects of saturation time (ST) and radiofrequency irradiation power (ω1) on the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effect in these models were also investigated. Although R1ρ and R2ρ were not affected by the ST, the CEST effect observed in the Z-spectra increased and saturated with increasing ST. When ω1 was varied, the CEST effect increased with increasing ω1 in R1ρ, R2ρ, and Z-spectra. When ω1 was large, however, the spillover effect due to the direct saturation of bulk water protons also increased, suggesting that these parameters must be determined in consideration of both the CEST and spillover effects. Our method will be useful for analyzing the complex CEST contrast mechanism and for investigating the optimal conditions for CEST MRI in the presence of multiple chemical exchange pools.
文摘Magnetic nanoparticles （Fe304） were prepared by chemical precipitation method using Fe^2＋ and Fe^3＋ salts with sodium hydroxide in the nitrogen atmosphere. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were coated with human serum albumin（HSA） for magnetic resonance imaging as contrast agent. Characteristics of magnetic particles coated or uncoated were carried out using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Zeta potentials, package effects and distributions of colloid particles were measured to confirm the attachment of HSA on magnetic particles. Effects of Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with HSA on magnetic resonance imaging were investigated with rats. The experimental results show that the adsorption of HSA on magnetic particles is very favorable to dispersing of magnetic Fe3O4 particles, while the sizes of Fe3O4 particles coated are related to the molar ratio of Fe3O4 to HSA. The diameters of the majority of particles coated are less than 100 nm. Fe3O4 nanoparticle coated with HSA has a good biocompatibility and low toxicity. This new contrast agent has some effects on the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of liver and the lowest dosage is 20μmol/kg for the demands of diagnosis.
文摘The value of the combined in-phase (IP) and opposed-phase (OP) T1-weighted (T1-W) breath-hold FLASH sequences for hepatic imaging, especially for fat content, was evaluated. Non- contrast-enhanced IP and OP T1-W GRE breath-hold images were obtained in 76 patients refereed for abdominal MRI at 1. 5T. 76 patients were divided into three groups for analysis: (1) liver with- out mass (n=8); (2) liver with hepatoma (n=34); (3) liver with haemangioma or cyst (n=34). Liver/spleen and liver/lesion signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were assessed for lesion detection. Images between IP and OP sequences were compared quantitatively. The results showed that there was not statistically significant difference in liver/spleen and liver/lesion SNR be- tween IP and OP sequences. In the patients with fatty infiltration, the OP sequences yielded substan- tially lower values for liver/spleen and liver/lesion SNR than those of the IP sequences. Further- more, OP imaging showed fatty infiltration in 14 cases and demonstrated hyperintense peritumor rim in 4 cases. In 14 cases of fatty infiltration, many lesions were identified using IP images. The use of IP and OP GRE sequences provides complementary diagnostic information for hepatic lesions and fat content. Focal hepatic lesions may be obscured in the setting of fatty infiltration if only OP sequences are employed. A complete assessment of the liver with MR should include both IP and OP imaging.
基金The original interventional study(NCT00536302) had been sponsored by the company Gelita and the company-specific brand of CH had been used
文摘To evaluate in an interventional trial on knee osteoarthritis（OA） the level and change of two serum biomarkers and their correlation with imaging parameters.The previously reported interventional OA study（ClinicalTrials.gov：NCT00536302） identified a positive effect of collagen hydrolysate（CH） on cartilage morphology in patients with knee OA using delayed gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging（dGEMRIC）.It was the objective in this research project to evaluate in an interventional clinical trial on knee OA the level and change of two serum biomarkers and their correlation with imaging parameters.In blood samples of study participants,we determined the concentration of procollagen type II N-terminal propeptide（PIIANP） and aggrecan chondroitin sulfate 846 epitope（CS846） at baseline（BL） and at the follow-up（FU） visits at 24 and 48 weeks.We measured the level and change of biomarker concentrations in both study groups,and the correlation of those changes with changes in dGEMRIC.For the biomarker PIIANP,we observed a significantly greater increase in the CH group（29.9%vs.1.2%at week 24,P =0.001）.For CS846,the mean concentration was lower among the CH treated participants at 24 weeks（78%vs.96%,P= 0.045）.Consistent correlations of changes in biomarkers PIIANP and CS846 with changes of the dGEMRIC score could not be observed.In this study,different changes per treatment group,CH and placebo were seen for dGEMRIC and PIIANP BL to 24 weeks FU,but only weak correlations between changes in dGEMRIC and biochemical markers.
文摘目的:利用化学位移编码磁共振成像(chemical-shift-encoded magnetic resonance imaging,CSE-MRI)技术定量检测脂肪组织脂肪酸组分,分析直肠癌患者不同部位脂肪酸组分变化情况,探讨该技术应用于评价脂肪酸影响直肠癌发生、发展的价值。方法:对2021年10月—2022年12月于复旦大学附属华东医院经术后病理学检查证实的直肠腺癌患者术前行直肠常规MRI扫描和多回波梯度回波CSE-MRI检查以测定直肠系膜、肠系膜和臀部皮下3个部位的脂肪组织脂肪酸组分[包括饱和脂肪酸分数(fraction of saturated fatty acid,fSFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸分数(fraction of monounsaturated fatty acid,fMUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸分数(fraction of polyunsaturated fatty acid,fPUFA)]。同期入组与年龄性别相匹配的对照组非直肠癌患者20例。分析直肠癌组与对照组间以及直肠癌患者中各部位脂肪组织脂肪酸组分变化,评价脂肪酸在肿瘤发生发展过程中的作用;分别分析直肠癌淋巴血管侵犯(lymphovascular invasion,LVI)、周围神经侵犯(peripheral nerve invasion,PNI)阳性组和阴性组各部位脂肪组织脂肪酸组分变化,评价脂肪酸对肿瘤侵袭性的影响。脂肪酸分数参数测量的观察者间一致性通过组内相关系数(intraclass correlation coefficient,ICC)评估。两组间差异分析用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验;多组间差异分析用单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA)或Kruskal-Wallis H(K)检验。结果:共纳入56例直肠腺癌患者,包括男性36例,女性20例,平均(65.1±10.1)岁;LVI阳性11例(19.6%),PNI阳性10例(17.9%)。对照组20例,其中男性12例,女性8例,平均(66.3±8.8)岁。观察者间各部位各脂肪酸分数的测量相关性良好,ICC均>0.60。直肠癌组中直肠系膜脂肪组织fSFA高于对照组(37.2±4.2 vs 35.0±2.7,P=0.035);直肠癌患者中直肠系膜、肠系膜与臀部皮下脂肪组织中的fMUFA(分别为37.5±2.4、37.3±8.1和40.6±8.7,P=0.003)和fPUFA(分别为24.9±4.1、26.3±4.9和21.5±4.7,P<0.001)的差异均有统计学意义;LVI(+)直肠癌直肠系膜脂肪中fMUFA高于LVI(-)组(38.8±1.5 vs 37.1±2.5,P=0.035);PNI(+)/(-)直肠癌组间各部位脂肪组织各脂肪酸分数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:①直肠癌患者直肠系膜脂肪SFA分数与正常对照组存在差异;②直肠癌患者直肠系膜和肠系膜脂肪的fMUFA和fPUFA与皮下脂肪组织之间存在差异;③直肠癌患者直肠系膜脂肪fMUFA与LVI存在关联。
文摘酰胺质子转移(amide proton transfer,APT)成像基础为细胞内游离蛋白及多肽酰胺质子与自由水中的氢质子发生交换,肿瘤恶性程度越高,细胞内游离蛋白质及多肽含量越多,APT信号增高。本文汇总APT成像诊断直肠癌的国内外相关文献,希望将APT成像用于直肠癌临床早期诊断及疗效评估,提高直肠癌患者生存率。国内外文献研究APT成像诊断直肠癌主要集中在以下几个方面:评估直肠癌组织学分级,预测直肠癌化疗疗效,预测大鼠肉瘤病毒癌(Kirsten rat sarcoma,KRAS)基因是否突变,预测直肠癌侵袭性。与常规MRI序列相比,APT成像可以无创性预测直肠癌侵袭性,进一步观察分子生物学改变。APT成像目前最常用于脑部肿瘤,空腔脏器所含成分复杂,因此临床应用受限,故本文汇总相关文献,探索人为均匀磁场方法,将APT成像这一反映蛋白质代谢的分子生物学检查方法用于直肠癌,开辟APT成像临床应用新领域。
