Exploration of Ideological and Political Materials for the Course of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry for Environmental and Ecological Engineering Major

Integrating ideological and political theories teaching into the whole process of classroom teaching construction is a new requirement for implementing the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue and playing the role of collaborative education.In order to realize the seamless integration of inorganic and analytical chemistry courses and ideological and political education,this paper summarizes the current situation of ideological and political research on inorganic and analytical chemistry courses in three major databases in China(VIP,CNKI and Wanfang),and sorts out the knowledge points,ideological and political elements and educational goals according to the content of the course chapters,to provide a basic guarantee for the ideological and political education construction of the course.

Biogeochemistry of sedimentary organic matter in the Yongjiang River estuary in the southern part of Hangzhou Bay,China,since the Late Pleistocene

A sediment core(YJK19-02)collected from the southern outlet of Hangzhou Bay near the Yongjiang River estuary in East China was analyzed for grain size,lignin,bulk elemental composition,stable carbon isotope,and rare earth elements(REEs)to determine the sources and diagenesis of sedimentary organic matter(OM)of the estuary and adjacent areas since the Late Pleistocene.δ^(13)C values(-24.80‰–-23.60‰),total organic carbon/total nitrogen(TOC/TN)molar ratios(8.00–12.14),and light rare earth element/heavy rare earth element ratios(LREE/HREE=8.34–8.91)revealed the predominance of terrestrial sources of OM,mainly from the Changjiang(Yangtze)River.The lignin parameters of syringyl/vanillyl(S/V=0.20–0.73)and cinnamyl/vanillyl(C/V=0.03–0.19)ratios indicate the predominance of nonwoody angiosperms,and the vanillic acid/vanillin ratios[(Ad/Al)_(V)=0.32–1.57]indicate medium to high degrees of lignin degradation.An increasing trend ofΛ(total lignin in mg/100-mg OC)values from ca.14500 a BP to ca.11000 a BP reflected the increase in temperature during the Late Pleistocene.However,a time lag effect of temperature on vegetation abundance was also revealed.The relatively higher and stableΛvalues correspond to the higher temperature during the mid-Holocene from ca.8500 a BP to ca.4500 a BP.Λvalues decreased from ca.4000 a BP to the present,corresponding to historical temperature fluctuations during this time.Our results show that the vegetation abundance in the Yongjiang River Basin since the Late Pleistocene was related to the temperature fluctuation duo to climate change.

Teaching of Organic Chemistry of Cultivating Applied Pharmaceutical Talents

In order to effectively cultivate applied pharmaceutical talents,aiming at the current teaching situation of organic chemistry,the basic course of pharmaceutical specialty,including the problems of curriculum setting,experimental teaching,and the integration of classroom and professional knowledge,it is proposed to overcome the problem of curriculum setting by combining"online+offline"in teaching.It should overcome the problems in experimental teaching with the help of virtual simulation platform.By cultivating students organic chemistry thinking and paying attention to the integration of subject and professional knowledge,students recognition of organic chemistry course can be improved,and the quality of training can be improved.

A Specific Periodic Table for Chemistry of Organic, Semi-Organic and Inorganic Elements: Compatibility with the Even-Odd Rule,the Number of Electrons and the Isoelectronicity Rule

Following the introduction of the new even-odd and isoelectronic rules and definitions affecting the understanding of electronic structure and bonds, the author has thought necessary to summarize understandings in the form of a table. The classical periodic table, a simple tool used by generations of physicists, is here extended to become a useful tool aimed specifically at chemists. In chemistry, position and number of covalent bonds of each atom are needed, as well as the exact location of charges. The table gives the number of possible bonds for each element and reveals how it is affected by charges. Additionally, the specific table indicates for each atom its isoelectronic elements and highlights the distinction between organic and inorganic elements. Discussion is led on the first two rows of the table by successfully comparing its statement with more than 50 well-known liquid and gaseous compounds.

国外无机化学教材的研究——以Housecroft&Sharpe的Inorganic Chemistry(5th edition)为例

Catherine Housecroft和Alan G.Sharpe合著的Inorganic Chemistry是一本经历了时间检验的经典教材,其内容涵盖了无机化学的基础原理、元素化学、生物无机化学以及这些知识在催化、工业生产和材料等领域的应用。本文希望通过对该教材的介绍及其与国内教材的编写内容和排版等的对照分析,为国内无机化学的教材编写提供一些有价值的参考,同时为从事无机化学教学的教师提供一个选择参考教材的选项。

Paleo-productivity and petroleum source evaluation of the Nkporo and Awgu shales, Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria: Insight from inorganic geochemistry

The petroleum paleo-productivity and generative potential of the Nkporo and Awgu shales in the Lower Benue Trough (LBT) were studied. Major oxides were determined using Spectro Ciros Inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) while trace and rare earth elements were determined using an ELAN 9000 Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The shales have Co/Ni ratios greater than 0.1 suggesting oil source rocks with more marine source input due to brief marine incursion in the transition zone after deposition. The very low Ni values and moderate V values, and a lack of correlation between the TOC and sulphur content, suggests that the organic matter is of terrestrial Type Ⅲ;and the very low paleo-productivity (Ba/Al and P/Ti ratios) suggests that the organic matter is of terrestrial origin. The low V/Ni values of the Nkporo and Awgu shales (Av. ≈ 4) and the high metal concentrations indicate a matured status. From the K/Rb ratios of the Nkporo (191–259) and Awgu shales (198–261), it can be deduced that the organic matter within the shales experienced a considerable loss of K and the shales are mature to generate gaseous hydrocarbons.

Difference in Number of Electrons in Inner Shells of Charged or Uncharged Elements in Organic and Inorganic Chemistry: Compatibility with the Even-Odd Rule

The recently introduced even-odd rule has been shown to successfully represent chemical structures of ions and molecules. While comparing available drawings in the scientific literature with the list of compounds predicted by the even-odd rule, it became however obvious that existing compounds are fewer than expected. Several predicted compounds involving many covalent bonds have apparently never been experimentally observed. Neutral oxygen for instance is expected to have 6 valence electrons, whereas oxygen can only build a maximum of two bonds, as in water. This specificity is observed for elements in the top-right corner of the periodic table. For compounds to contain only single covalent bonds, and thus follow the even-odd rule, further explanations are necessary. The present paper proposes that those specific elements experience a transfer of electrons from the valence shell into the inner shell, making them unavailable for further bonding. These elements will be described as organic, hereby providing a clear and hopefully unifying definition of the term. In opposition, inorganic elements have a constant inner shell no matter their electrical state or the number of bonds they maintain. More than 70 compounds involving 11 elements of the main group are studied, revealing a progression from fully inorganic elements at the left of the periodic table to fully organic elements. The transition between inorganic or organic elements is made of few elements that take an organic form when negatively charged;they are labelled semi-organic. The article concludes that the fully organic elements of the main group are Oxygen and Fluorine, whereas semi-organic elements are more numerous: C, N, S, Cl, Se, Br and I. Thus, the even-odd rule becomes fully compatible with scientific knowledge of compounds in liquid or gaseous phase.

Review of general, organic, and biological chemistry, second edition

Overall, General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry is a very useful text to support a twosemester undergraduate course series in chemistry for health sciences students. Its strengths are the use of the P.A.V.E. way to student learning applications. It is very obvious that the author has the background and the preparation of the student taking the course(s) in mind when she was writing the textbook.

Organic Geochemistry of Sedimentary Rock-hosted Disseminated Gold Deposits in Southwestern Guizhou Province, China

Sedimentary rock-hosted disseminated gold (SRHDG) deposits in the Youjiang-Nanpanjiang Basin, southwestern Guizhou Province are commonly hosted by the same fold crests that commonly contain a remarkable amount of organic material. The total organic carbon (TOC) contents of the ores and host rocks are usually less than 1%. The reflectance of vitrinite and pyrobitumen in the ores and the host rocks ranges from 1.5% to 4.5%, often in the range of 2% to 3%. In the Lannigou deposit, the reflectance of vitrinite and pyrobitumen in the ores is usually somewhat higher than those within the host rocks, indicating a hydrothermal impact on the organic matter in the altered host rocks. On the contrary, the estimated maximum paleotemperatures of the Getang and Zimudang deposits are higher than the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions in the ores, signifying that the organic matter maturation predated Au mineralization. No correlation between the organic matter contents and Au concentrations were recognized in the ores. However, the most striking observation is that there is a positive correlation between the S2 (a parameter of Rock-Eval analysis), Au and As contents of the ores in the Lannigou deposit. Organic matter maturation and migration is apparent from the TOC vs. HCI diagram. Furthermore, group analysis of the dichloromethane extractable organic component of the ores and host rocks shows that the maturation degree of the organic matter in the ores is slightly higher than that of the host rocks in the Lannigou gold deposit. However, the compositions of their alkanes, steranes and terpenes, which serve as biomarkers, are quite similar; this suggests that the organic matter found in the ores and host rocks has a common marine source. Organic matter probably contributed to the preconcentration of Au in the host rocks. Hydrocarbons in the system, on the other hand, clearly contributed to the emplacement of the gold mineralization through thermal sulfate reduction. Organic matter in the solution might have increased the potential of the hydrothermal solution to transport Au.

Organic petrology and geochemistry of Triassic and Jurassic coals of the Tabas Basin, Northeastern/Central Iran

Jurassic and Triassic coals and organic matter-rich shales of the Tabas Basin, Iran, were investigated with respect to their thermal maturation and petrographic composition. The Triassic coals of the Parvadeh coal field range in vitrinite reflectance between 1.17% and 1.37% and the Jurassic coals of the Mazino coal field between 2.08% and 2.29% VRr. Maceral analysis revealed a predominance of vitrinite in all samples, with slightly higher percentages of inertinite in the Jurassic samples. Rock-Eval analyses confirm the presence of type III kerogen in the Triassic coals, while the Jurassic coals contain strongly carbonized residual kerogen. The range of sulfur contents for coals from the Parvadeh coal field (0.37% to 4.64%) and Mazino coal field (0.45% to 2.92%) is related to the effect of marine water in peat. The studied samples are characterized by the predominance of short- over long-chained n-alkanes. The relatively high Pr/Ph ratios indicate predominance of terrestrial organic matter whereas Pr/n-C17 and Ph/n-C18 ratios prove oxic conditions during deposition. In addition, the DBT/Phen ratio shows that these coals formed in fluvial/deltaic environments. Molecular geochemical parameters such as carbon preference index (CPI, 0.99-1.04), methyl phenanthrene index (MPI, 1.20-1.60), methyl naphthalene ratio (MNR, 1.61-3.45), and ethyl naphthalene ratio (ENR, 4-6.78) confirm the high maturity of the samples. Burial and thermal history reconstruction indicates necessity of an erosional thickness of about 4000 m in the Parvadeh area. Towards the Mazino area, a higher basal heat flow up to 80 mW m^-2 is assumed for the Paleogene leading to higher maturities.

Teaching Effectiveness of Integrating Task-based Approach into Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Course

From the perspective of students,the effectiveness of task-based approach in In-organic and Analytical Chemistry course were summarized.The strength and weak points of TBA were analyzed,and the specific suggestions for obtaining better effect were put forward.The result showed a satisfactory achievement and unexpected result in showing the effectiveness of this teaching model.Not only could this TBA enhance student's overall knowledge of discipline but also cultivate students' multi-dimensional competence:competence in searching literatures, communication and management,autonomous,co-operative and reflective learning,and competence in analyzing and problem-solving,as well as improving their language expression ability,and skills in using multi-media and internet technology into their academic course learning and research.The implication of this research on the classroom teaching practice will shed light on the future teaching reform of other courses in China.

Proximity of Problem-Based Learning(ABP)Methodology to Experimental Teaching in Organic Chemistry.IMINE Synthesis

Different imines were prepared.The reaction was carried out using different conditions,with aromatic aldehydes,aniline and with different energy sources.Yield,purity and experimental fusion point were calculated in each case,and they were compared to the ones found in literature.The importance of structural effects of aldehyde reacting with aniline was established as well as reaction conditions.The efficacy of the reaction can not be predicted,since each aldehyde has a different structure and therefore reacts differently.The main objective of this project is academic.A methodology to carry out a structured research(it is one of the levels of problem-based learning(ABP)),was implemented.Students work in pairs using Combinatorial Chemistry,and each pair does a different exercise on the same theoretical objective.Results from every team are discussed in a seminary where conclusions regarding which was the most efficient reaction are reached.

Simulating the Impacts of Marine Organic Emissions on Global Atmospheric Chemistry and Aerosols Using an Online-Coupled Meteorology and Chemistry Model

To realistically simulate the impacts of marine isoprene and primary organic aerosols (POA) on atmospheric chemistry, a unified model framework with online emissions, comprehensive treatment of gas-phase chemistry, and advanced aerosol microphysics is required. In this work, the global-through-urban WRF/Chem model (GU-WRF/Chem) implemented with the online emissions of marine isoprene and size-resolved marine POA is applied to examine such impacts. The net effect of these emissions was increased surface concentrations of isoprene and organic aerosols and decreased surfaced concentrations of hydroxyl radical and ozone over most marine regions. With the inclusion of these emissions, GU-WRF/Chem better predicted the surface concentrations of isoprene and organic aerosols and the aerosol number size distribution when compared to measurements in clean marine conditions.

Application of Hydrocarbons Biomarkers in Marine Organic Geochemistry

Biomarker is an important tool in the study of marine organic geochemistry. Its development and application makes it possible to elucidate the process and mechanism of the organic matter in the ocean. Hydrocarbons are the most useful molecular markers. They are used as tracers in many aspects, such as source indication; the degradation of organic matter; diagensis process; environmental pollution and paleooceanic study, etc. They are studied in the estuaries, coastal area and deep sea to give the knowledge of marine organic geochemistry. The paper deals with the characteristics, development and application of biomarkers as well as their advantages and disadvantages.

TO EXPLORE THE MYSTERIES OF LIFE: A TALK ON ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY

After a disciplinary upsurge, organic chemistry is about to embark on an epoch-making transition at the turn of the century. At present when the discipline is once again making its way into life sciences, this article gives a running commmentary on its current state and some developmental trends making a debut in this new research orientation. Finally, several ideas are aired to the community of Chinese chemists, advising them on how to welcome the historic transition.

Organic geochemistry and source rock potential assessment of Late Paleocene Patala Formation in Margalla Hill Range,North Pakistan

Black shales of the Paleocene Patala Formation are proven source rocks for conventional hydrocarbons in southern Potwar Basin of Pakistan and are assumed to be effective source rocks towards north in the Margalla Hill Range of Pakistan.In this regard,the current study focuses on source rock geochemistry of the Paleocene Patala Formation to assess its source rock potential,organic matter types and thermal maturity levels in the Margalla Hill Range of North Pakistan.Source rock generative potential,kerogen types and thermal maturation of the analysed rock samples were unraveled by using Rock-Eval pyrolysis T_(max),TOC(total organic carbon)and vitrinite reflectance(R_(0))analyses.TOC analysis coupled with S_(2) yield revealed poor to fair source rock quality encountered within the formation.The pyrolysis T_(max) vs Hydrogen Index(HI),showed mostly Type Ⅲ kerogen dominated by thermally immature to mature organic matter.The HI and genetic potential is low and revealed poor hydrocarbon generation potential of the formation.The S_(1) vs TOC plots confirm the indigenous nature of the hydrocarbons hosted by Patala Formation.The vitrinite reflectance outcomes indicated immature to mature source rock beds lying in dry gas zone.The HI and OI signatures and abundance of Type Ⅲ kerogen are indicating dominance of terrestrial organic matter within the formation.Overall,the investigated Patala Formation exposed at the studied section of Margalla Hill Range,Pakistan acts as a poor source rock unit for liquid hydrocarbon generation but holds prospects for dry gas generation in the study area.

MY WORK IN MOLECULAR SIEVE CHEMISTRY AND INORGANIC SYNTHE-SIS

After my graduation as a chemistry major from Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1952. I was assigned to work at the People’s University of Northeast China (the predecessor of today’s Jilin University) in Changchun City, serving as a teaching assistant.I)uring my career on campus.I have lectured on a dozen courses on inorganic chemistry,general chemistry,analytic chemistry. rare-element chemistry, complex chemistry. inorganic synthesis,solid-state chemistry

Organic Geochemistry of the Early Jurassic Oil Shale from the Shuanghu Area in Northern Tibet and the Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event

This paper presents new geological and geochemical data from the Shuanghu area in northern Tibet, which recorded the Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event. The stratigraphic succession in the Shuanghu area consists mostly of grey to dark-colored alternating oil shales, marls and mudstones. Ammonite beds are found at the top of the Shuanghu oil shale section, which are principally of early Toarcian age, roughly within the Harplocearas falciferrum Zone. Therefore, the oil shale strata at Shuanghu can be correlated with early Toarcian black shales distributing extensively in the European epicontinental seas that contain the records of an Oceanic Anoxic Event. Sedimentary organic matter of laminated shale anomalously rich in organic carbon across the Shuanghu area is characterized by high organic carbon contents, ranging from 1.8% to 26.1%. The carbon isotope curve displays the δ 13C values of the kerogen (δ 13Ckerogen) fluctuating from –26.22 to –23.53‰ PDB with a positive excursion close to 2.17‰, which, albeit significantly smaller, may also have been associated with other Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) in Europe. The organic atomic C/N ratios range between 6 and 43, and the curve of C/N ratios is consistent with that of the δ 13Ckerogen values. The biological assemblage, characterized by scarcity of benthic organisms and bloom of calcareous nannofossils (coccoliths), reveals high biological productivity in the surface water and an unfavorable environment for the benthic fauna in the bottom water during the Oceanic Anoxic Event. On the basis of organic geochemistry and characteristics of the biological assemblage, this study suggests that the carbon-isotope excursion is caused by the changes of sea level and productivity, and that the black shale deposition, especially oil shales, is related to the bloom and high productivity of coccoliths.