Clinical study of chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma

BACKGROUND Chemotherapy for malignant tumors can cause brain changes and cognitive impairment,leading to chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment(CICI).Current research on CICI has focused on breast cancer and Hodgkin’s lymphoma.Whether patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma(NHL)undergoing chemo-therapy have cognitive impairment has not been fully investigated.therapy have cognitive impairment has not been fully investigated.AIM To investigate whether NHL patients undergoing chemotherapy had cognitive impairments.METHODS The study included 100 NHL patients who were required to complete a compre-hensive psychological scale including the Brief Psychiatric Examination Scale(MMSE)at two time points:before chemotherapy and within 2 wk of two chemo-therapy courses.A language proficiency test(VFT),Symbol Number Pattern Test(SDMT),Clock Drawing Test(CDT),Abbreviated Daily Cognition Scale(ECog-12),Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire,and Karnofsky Perfor-mance Status were used to assess cognitive changes before and after chemo-therapy.RESULTS The VFT scores for before treatment(BT)and after treatment(AT)groups were 45.20±15.62,and 42.30±17.53,respectively(t-2.16,P<0.05).The CDT scores were 8(3.5-9.25)for BT and 7(2.5-9)for AT groups(Z-2.1,P<0.05).Retrospective memory scores were 13.5(9-17)for BT and 15(13-18)for AT(Z-3.7,P<0.01).The prospective memory scores were 12.63±3.61 for BT and 14.43±4.32 for AT groups(t-4.97,P<0.01).The ECog-12 scores were 1.71(1.25-2.08)for BT and 1.79(1.42-2.08)for AT groups(Z-2.84,P<0.01).The SDMT and MMSE values did not show a significant difference between BT and AT groups.CONCLUSION Compared to the AT group,the BT group showed impaired language,memory,and subjective cognition,but objec-tive cognition and execution were not significantly affected.

Sedation-associated hiccups in adults undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy

AIM:To investigate whether the incidence of hiccups in patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or same-day bidirectional endoscopy (EGD and colonoscopy;BDE) with sedation is different from those without sedation in terms of quantity,duration and typical onset time.METHODS:Consecutive patients scheduled for elective EGD or same-day BDE at the gastrointestinal endoscopy unit or the health examination center were allocated to two groups:EGD without sedation (Group A) and BDE with sedation (Group B).The use of sedation was based on the patients' request.Anesthesiologists participated in this study by administrating sedative drugs as usual.A single experienced gastroenterologist performed both the EGD and the colonoscopic examinations for all the patients.The incidence,duration and onset time of hiccups were measured in both groups.In addition,the association between clinical variables and hiccups were analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 435 patients were enrolled in the study.The incidences of hiccups in the patients with and without sedation were significantly different (20.5% and 5.1%,respectively).The use of sedation for patients undergoing endoscopy was still significantly associated with an increased risk of hiccups (adjusted odds ratio:8.79,P < 0.001) after adjustment.The incidence of hiccups in males under sedation was high (67.4%).The sedated patients who received 2 mg midazolam developed hiccups more frequently compared to those receiving 1 mg midazolam (P = 0.0028).The patients with the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were prone to develop hiccups (P = 0.018).CONCLUSION:Male patients undergoing EGD or BDE with sedation are significantly more likely to suffer from hiccups compared to those without sedation.Midazolam was significantly associated with an increased risk of hiccups.Furthermore,patients with GERD are prone to develop hiccups.

Risk Factors for Cancer Chemotherapy-Induced Hiccups (CIH)

Background: Hiccups are common somatic side effects of medication. Our previous analysis of the clinical risk factors for hiccups identified chemotherapy as a factor related to hiccup risk. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the risk factors for hiccups associated with chemotherapy. Methods: We included all patients who received cancer chemotherapy and were hospitalized at the Musashino Red Cross Hospital between April 2014 and December 2014. We investigated patient demographics, physical characteristics, and other clinical factors to identify the risk factors for chemotherapy-induced hiccups (CIH). We conducted univariate and multivariable analysis to compare the CIH group and the non-CIH and determined risk factors of CIH. Results: Hiccups were identified in 48 of 292 patients with an incidence rate of 16.4%. Univariate analysis revealed that the male gender, pain, and nausea and vomiting were related to CIH. It also showed that cisplatin, pemetrexed, gemcitabine, etoposide, dexamethasone, and metoclopramide were related to CIH.A correlation which was found with doses of cisplatin, pemetrexed, gemcitabine, and etoposide. Multivariable analysis identified male gender (OR, 72.69;95% CI, 6.95 - 757.64), nausea and vomiting (OR, 52.01;95% CI, 3.93 - 447.13), dexamethasone (OR, 4.55;95% CI, 1.12 - 16.91), cisplatin (OR, 3.84;95% CI, 1.52 - 9.70), and etoposide (OR, 3.72;95% CI, 1.14 - 12.11) as independent risk factors for hiccups. Conclusions: The present study is the first one to report risk factors for the development of CIH. Our results suggest that male gender, having nausea, and the drugs dexamethasone, cisplatin, and etoposide are important risk factors for CIH. These results may assist in elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and guide therapy to reduce hiccup risk.

Does (supra)gastric belching trigger recurrent hiccups?

Twenty-four hours multichannel intraesophageal impedance and pH monitoring in a patient who suffered from recurrent hiccups for more than a year revealed frequent supragastric belching and pathological oesophageal acid exposure. Furthermore, a temporal relationship between the start of a hiccup episode and gastric belching was observed. The data support the hypothesis that there is an association between supragastric belching, persistent recurrent hiccups and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and that gastric belching may evoke hiccup attacks.

Effect of Antiemetic Agents on Hiccups during Chemotherapy in Patients with Lung Cancer

Hiccups commonly occur in patients undergoing chemotherapy for lung cancer and may diminish their motivation for treatment. Therefore, it is important to characterize the hiccups and their risk factors. We examined the medical records of 120 patients with lung cancer during their initial chemotherapy and extracted data on the patients’ profiles and the onset, duration, and severity of their hiccup episodes. We found the incidence of hiccups to be 19.2% among the patients. Hiccups appeared within 3 days of beginning the chemotherapy and disappeared within 4 days. Hiccups hindered sleep in two patients. The characteristics of the hiccups episodes in our study were not different from those of previous studies. We also investigated distinctive features of the patients who developed hiccups. The occurrence of hiccups was associated with gender, age, and the treatment with platinum agents. Antiemetic agents, dexamethasone and neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, also showed significant effects on hiccup episodes. Although the dose-responsive effect of dexamethasone on hiccups was insignificant and the effects of two neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, aprepitant and fosaprepitant, on hiccups appeared identical. From these results, we suggest that a high incidence of hiccups may be anticipated with a prophylactic use of antiemetic agents, dexamethasone and neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists.

Intractable Hiccups, an Unusual Presentation of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Hiccups are involuntary spasms of the diaphragm with closure of the glottis. This involves a complex neural pathway which includes the phrenic, vagus and the sympathetic pathways, it is usually self-limiting and resolves within a few minutes after onset. Hiccups are described as chronic when it lasts more than 48 hours and intractable when it persists for more than a month. Intractable hiccups are said to have an organic cause in 80% of cases and the remaining 20% psychogenic in origin, Some of the organic causes of intractable hiccups include: liver cancer, adrenal tumours, and kidney tumours. We present a case of right renal cell carcinoma which presented as intractable hiccups and was successfully managed by performing a radical right nephrectomy.

Covid Pneumonitis Presenting as Intractable Hiccups

Background: Hiccups, also known as Singletus, can be a cause of worry and anxiety for most patients when persistent. It has long been associated with various infectious pathologies. Its association with SARS-COV-19 is relatively new with only a few cases reported so far. This case report highlights a unique presentation of Covid pneumonitis as intractable hiccups as the only symptom. With adequate laboratory and instrumental investigations, the aetiology was found to be Covid pneumonitis. Once the cause was detected and treatment initiated, the symptoms subsided. Conclusion: While hiccup can be a sign of various underlying chronic illnesses, its association with Covid-19 is relatively new with very few literatures reporting this finding. It is very crucial for clinicians to keep a high index of suspicion in patients presenting with hiccups.

Persistent Hiccups Following Use of Oral Dexamethasone: A Report of Two Cases from Abakaliki, Nigeria

Hiccups are common, usually mild with no obvious cause and often resolve spontaneously. They are classified as transient, persistent and intractable depending on the duration. Drug induced hiccups have been reported in medical literature but not common and corticosteroids are often cited. This report involved 2 male patients who developed persistent hiccups following use of oral dexamethasone for inflammatory conditions. The hiccups were severe and intolerable and could not stop despite use of metoclopramide and chlorpromazine. The hiccups only stopped following discontinuation of the dexamethasone. It should be noted that low dose of dexamethasone was used. Management of dexamethasone induced hiccups involves discontinuation of the drug, steroid rotation if the patient is steroid dependent and use of metoclopramide and chlorpromazine. Clinicians should be aware of this known but rare adverse effect of dexamethasone as it could be severe, distressful and negatively impart patients care. There is a need for a high index of suspicion whenever a patient develops hiccups while taking dexamethasone.

加味二陈汤治疗顽固性呃逆临床观察

目的:观察加味二陈汤治疗顽固性呃逆的临床效果。方法:126例按照随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组各63例。试验组用加味二陈汤治疗,对照组用甲氧氯普胺治疗。结果:试验组起效时间短于对照组,症状改善优于对照组,总有效率高于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:加味二陈汤治疗顽固性呃逆效果较好。

针刺四关穴缓解无痛胃镜诊疗术中并发呃逆疗效观察

目的 基于“气逆动膈”理论,观察针刺四关穴缓解无痛胃镜诊疗术中并发呃逆的有效性和安全性。方法 将100例无痛胃镜诊疗术中并发呃逆的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组50例。治疗组采用针刺双侧合谷、太冲穴治疗,对照组不做任何治疗。观察并记录两组呃逆持续时间、胃镜治疗时间、麻醉苏醒时间及不同时间点各项血流动力学指标[平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure, MAP)、心率(heart rate, HR)、血氧饱和度(oxygen saturation, SPO_(2))],比较两组临床疗效。结果 治疗组治疗后治愈率和总有效率分别为50.0%和82.0%,明显高于对照组的14.0%和48.0%,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组呃逆持续时间、胃镜治疗时间均明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。两组呃逆开始时SPO_(2)水平均较基础值显著下降(P<0.05)。治疗组施针后5 min和10 min SPO_(2)水平均明显高于对照组,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 针刺四关穴治疗无痛胃镜诊疗术中并发呃逆疗效确切,能有效减少患者呃逆持续时间和胃镜治疗时间。

肿瘤化疗相关性呃逆的中医治疗进展

化疗相关性呃逆是肿瘤患者治疗过程中常见的并发症,严重影响患者生活质量。中医认为化疗相关性呃逆与肿瘤疾病、化疗药物以及脏腑、淤血、浊毒、火邪均有关。本研究对中医中关于呃逆的病因机制以及治疗和护理方法进行总结,探讨中医治疗呃逆的辨证要点,旨在为化疗相关性呃逆的精准化治疗和护理提供参考。

中西医结合治疗脑卒中后顽固性呃逆临床观察

目的 探讨中西医结合治疗脑卒中后顽固性呃逆的临床疗效。方法 100例脑卒中后顽固性呃逆患者,应用随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,各50例。对照组患者采用甲氧氯普胺治疗,研究组患者采用甲氧氯普胺联合中药方剂丁香柿蒂汤治疗。对比两组疗效,不良反应发生率,治疗前后的舒适度评分、心理评分、睡眠状况指标、生活质量评分。结果 研究组治疗总有效率为96.00%,对照组为82.00%,研究组治疗总有效率更高(P<0.05)。研究组中发生2例恶心、1例腹痛,不良反应发生率为6.00%;对照组中发生1例皮疹,不良反应发生率为2.00%。两组不良反应发生率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组舒适度评分、焦虑评分、抑郁评分均较治疗前改善,且研究组舒适度评分(102.80±6.57)分高于对照组的(93.25±6.30)分,焦虑评分(40.90±3.74)分、抑郁评分(41.85±3.81)分低于对照组的(45.61±3.96)、(46.98±4.37)分(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组入睡潜伏期、实际睡眠时长、睡眠质量评分均较治疗前改善,且研究组入睡潜伏期(33.79±7.94)min短于对照组的(42.63±8.75)min,实际睡眠时长(8.04±1.13)h长于对照组的(6.89±1.02)h,睡眠质量评分(10.80±1.31)分低于对照组的(12.56±1.58)分(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组生理、心理、环境、社会关系评分均较治疗前改善,且研究组生理、心理、环境、社会关系评分分别为(89.75±6.48)、(89.07±6.02)、(90.14±6.15)、(89.96±6.27)分,高于对照组的(82.93±6.85)、(82.40±6.13)、(83.27±6.30)、(83.14±6.54)分(P<0.05)。结论 对于脑卒中后顽固性呃逆患者,采用甲氧氯普胺联合中药汤方丁香柿蒂汤的中西医结合疗法可增强治疗效果,提高患者舒适度,有利于改善患者心理、睡眠等状况,提升其生活质量,且不会在用药后增加药物不良反应,安全性良好。

帕罗西汀致持续性呃逆1例

惊恐障碍患者在使用抗抑郁药时,可能会出现持续性呃逆,给患者带来严重痛苦。本文报道1例患有惊恐障碍的成年患者,接受了帕罗西汀、劳拉西泮和普萘洛尔治疗。住院第3天,帕罗西汀增加至30 mg/d,5 d后增加至40 mg/d,次日患者开始呃逆。将帕罗西汀剂量降至30 mg/d,同时予以氯丙嗪改善呃逆表现,4 d后患者呃逆停止。根据病情需要,将帕罗西汀剂量增加至40 mg/d,患者再次出现呃逆,但与首次发作相比,持续时间较短,且严重程度较轻。再次给予氯丙嗪对症治疗,呃逆症状持续24 h后不再出现。帕罗西汀维持在40 mg/d,直至出院未再出现呃逆。帕罗西汀可引起成人惊恐障碍患者急性给药期持续性呃逆,应引起关注。

基于数据挖掘技术探讨中医外治法治疗中枢性呃逆的选穴规律

目的:运用数据挖掘技术探讨中医外治法治疗中枢性呃逆的选穴规律。方法:以相关中英文主题词,从中国知网(CNKI)、中文科技期刊数据库(维普)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数据知识服务平台检索并下载相关文献,阅读并筛选文献后摘录处方,形成数据库,通过SPSS 25.0软件进行高频选穴、特定穴、分布部位、归经频次、关联规则和系统聚类分析。结果:纳入文献272篇,处方296首,腧穴111个,总频次为1 462次,涵盖毫针、电针、皮内针、灸法、穴位按摩等疗法。高频选穴由高到低排列为足三里、内关、中脘、膈俞、攒竹;选穴归经以任脉、足阳明胃经、手厥阴心包经、足太阳膀胱经等为主。特定穴通常选用五输穴、八会穴、络穴等。选穴主要分布在下肢。高频选穴组合为内关+足三里,内关+中脘,足三里+中脘。结论:中医外治法治疗中枢性呃逆选穴多从顾护胃气、和畅血行的角度考虑,可为临床提供切实可行的治疗思路。

颈夹脊输刺治疗顽固性呃逆的临床研究

目的观察颈夹脊输刺疗法对顽固性呃逆的临床研究。方法选择60例符合纳入标准的顽固性呃逆患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例,治疗组采用颈夹脊输刺治疗,对照组采用常规针刺治疗,7次为1个疗程,共治疗2个疗程,通过观察呃逆减轻及停止时间,对比2组患者的临床治疗效果、治疗起效时间、疗程。结果治疗组总有效率为96.70%,24 h起效率为73.30%,2疗程治愈率为96.70%,均优于对照组,P<0.05。结论颈夹脊输刺治疗顽固性呃逆治疗效果良好,起效快,能够在短时间内改善患者的临床症状,提高总有效率,进而缩短病程,可快速、明显改善患者生活质量,患者满意度更高,值得推广。

呃逆源流考

呃逆发病急骤,病因病机复杂,病情一般较轻,若病重者出现呃逆,多提示预后不良。通过查阅历代中医著作中关于呃逆的论述,本文从病名、病因病机、治疗方法、预后等方面进行归纳梳理,探讨呃逆的历史沿革,以期对现代临床实践提供参考。

巴氯芬联合中医疗法用于顽固性呃逆的病例分享及思考

顽固性呃逆虽不直接致命,但严重影响患者生活质量,病程迁延日久亦可能引起诸多不良后果,临床治疗颇为棘手。此文主要以临床具体病例的形式,介绍巴氯芬联合中医疗法对顽固性呃逆的效果,文中简要提及该病的分类、治疗手段及中医的病因病机、治疗方法,并着重分析治疗经过及处方用药;同时,提出自己的思考,认为本病为顽疾,在治疗过程中,需注意病情的发展,及时调整思路及治疗用药;注意中西医结合,辨病辨证施治;注意内服、外用等多种手段并用。希望为临床同道在治疗该病的时候,提供一定的思路。

稳心颗粒致持续性呃逆1例分析

目的对稳心颗粒引起持续性呃逆新的不良反应进行分析。方法分析1例28岁女性服用稳心颗粒后出现持续性呃逆,评价持续性呃逆与怀疑药物的相关性,并通过文献回顾分析稳心颗粒导致患者持续性呃逆的原因及机制。结果经关联性评价,本例呃逆不良反应很可能因稳心颗粒所致。采用停药措施,患者未再发生持续性呃逆症状。结论稳心颗粒可致持续性呃逆的不良反应,医务人员应提高警惕,加强对其不良反应的监测。

揿针疗法联合穴位敷贴对脑梗死后顽固性呃逆患者胃动力学指标的影响

目的观察揿针疗法联合穴位敷贴对脑梗死后顽固性呃逆患者胃动力学指标的影响。方法将130例患者随机分为对照组与观察组各65例,对照组采用基础治疗和穴位敷贴进行治疗,观察组采用基础治疗和穴位敷贴联合揿针疗法进行治疗。对比两组患者血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1(s VCAM-1)、血小板α颗粒膜蛋白-140(GMP-140)水平,两组收缩频率、收缩幅度、胃排空率,两组精神状态、睡眠、饮食评分,中医证候积分、临床疗效等。结果治疗后,两组sICAM-1、s VCAM-1、GMP-140水平降低,且观察组降低幅度较大(P<0.05),治疗后,两组收缩频率、收缩幅度、胃排空率升高,且观察组收缩频率、收缩幅度、胃排空率水平高于对照组(P<0.05),两组精神状态、睡眠、饮食评分升高,且观察组精神状态、睡眠、饮食评分高于对照组(P<0.05),治疗后,两组中医证候积分升高,且观察组降低幅度较大(P<0.05),观察组总有效率为78.46%,高于对照组的61.54%(P<0.05)。结论脑梗死后顽固性呃逆患者经揿针疗法联合穴位敷贴治疗后,收缩频率、收缩幅度、胃排空率升高,且临床疗效较好。

手指点穴联合六字诀呼吸补泻法在呃逆病人中的应用效果

目的:探讨手指点穴联合六字诀呼吸补泻法治疗呃逆病人的效果。方法:选取我院中医科2023年3月—2024年3月收治的呃逆病人60例,按照住院单双号分为观察组(单号)和对照组(双号),各30例。观察组应用手指点压攒竹穴联合六字诀呼吸补泻法,对照组应用手指点压攒竹穴治疗,治疗7 d后,评估两组病人治疗总有效率、起效时间、症状评分、饮食、睡眠及精神状态。结果:治疗后,观察组病人起效时间[(3.00±1.18)min]短于对照组[(10.30±4.24)min],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组病人呃逆症状评分下降幅度较大(P<0.05);治疗后生活质量较好(P<0.001);观察组病人治疗有效率为93.33%,对照组为66.67%,观察组治疗效果较好(P<0.05)。结论:手指点穴联合六字诀呼吸补泻法能治疗呃逆,且起效时间短。