贡山三尖杉的新名称(Cephalotaxus talonensis Cheng et Feng ex S.G.Lu et X.D.Lang)及分类地位(英文)

提议贡山三尖杉的新名称Cephalotaxus talonensis Cheng et Feng ex S.G.Lu et X.D.Lang替代不合法的旧名称Cephalotaxus lanceolata K.M.Feng in Cheng et al.(晚出同名)。对比贡山三尖杉和三尖杉Cephalotaxus fortunei Hooker的模式标本和自然生长状态下的叶片形态,支持将贡山三尖杉处理为种的等级,不赞同Silba(1990)将贡山三尖杉降为三尖杉的变种[Cephalotaxus fortunei Hooker var.lanceolata(Feng)Silba]。文中提供4幅参照图片。

A Memoir of Beijing Opera Performers: Cheng Yanqiu’s Early Life and His Art

As one of the greatest m asters of Dan 1 role performers in Beijing Opera history,Cheng Yanqiu had a very hard time in his childhood in learning the art.In this article,the author has reviewed his early life and probed into the help of Luo Yinggong who supported for his great su ccess.The author has also explored the art of Cheng’s singing,his study from Wang Yaoqing and explored how he created the melodies as well as trying to solve his making-up mystery.

The Relation between Genetic Difference for Parents of Hybrid Rice and Heterosis

Exploring the indica-japonica differentiation in parents of hybridization can provide theoretical bases for utilizing inter-subspecific heterosis. In this study, 5 sterile lines and 18 self-bred restorer lines were used as female parents and male parents respectively. Then 90 combinations were constructed by incomplete diallel cross followed by relationship analysis between parental Cheng’s index difference value and Euclidean distance and heterosis. The results showed a significant correlation between several phenotype values, super male parent heterosis and control heterosis and Euclidean distance or Cheng’s index difference value. However, it was no significant correlation for yield. Further analysis found a common interval, 3.41 - 3.46 for Euclidean distance and 3 - 4 for cheng’s index difference value of parents, which was significant or high significant positive correlated with phenotype value, super male parent and control heterosis of main yield traits. This illustrates that the larger the genetic difference of parents was, the stronger the heterosis combinations were, when the genetic differences of parents were in an appropriate range.

霍山石斛多糖通过激活GSK-3β信号通路减轻大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注损伤

目的:研究霍山石斛多糖抗心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的作用。方法:采用Langendorff离体灌流系统建造大鼠离体缺血-再灌注损伤模型。实验分为正常对照组(不停灌处理)、模型组(停灌20 min)及霍山石斛多糖低、中、高浓度(停灌前灌流已配制浓度为0.1、0.5、1.0 mg/L的KH液10 min)组。利用生物多导记录仪连续测定血流动力学参数。通过TTC染色检测心肌梗死面积。并用ELISA法检测冠脉流出液中肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性。ELISA法检测心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、还原型谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSH/GSSG)比率、白介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的含量。利用HE染色和TUNEL法分别检测心肌细胞的坏死和凋亡。Western blot检测心肌组织中GSK-3β的磷酸化水平。结果:与正常对照组比较,模型组出现严重的心肌坏死和极高的凋亡率,心功能下降,冠脉流出液中LDH和CK水平显著升高,心肌组织中MDA、IL-6和TNF-α含量显著升高,SOD的活性与GSH/GSSG比值均显著降低(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,霍山石斛多糖中、高剂量组的心肌坏死程度、梗死面积和细胞凋亡率显著降低,心功能显著改善;冠脉流出液中LDH、CK水平逐渐降低;心肌组织中MDA、TNF-α及IL-6含量显著降低,SOD活性和GSH/GSSG比值显著升高(P<0.01)。高剂量霍山石斛多糖可显著降低心肌细胞凋亡指数,提高心肌组织中GSK-3β磷酸化水平。结论:霍山石斛多糖具有显著的抗心肌缺血-再灌注损伤作用,其作用机制可能与激活GSK-3β信号通路发挥抗氧化、抗炎和抗凋亡有关。

Treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome in severe acute pancreatitis patients with traditional Chinese medicine

AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese traditional medicines Da Cheng Qi Decoction (Timely-Purging and Yin-Preserving Decoction) and Glauber's salt combined with conservative measures on abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients. METHODS: Eighty consecutive SAP patients, admitted for routine non-operative conservative treatment, were randomly divided into study group and control group (40 patients in each group). Patients in the study group received Da Cheng Qi Decoction enema for 2 h and external use of Glauber's salt, once a day for 7 d. Patients in the control group received normal saline (NS) enema. Routine non-operative conservative treatments included non-per os nutrition (NPON), gastrointestinal decompression, life support, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), continuous peripancreatic vascular pharmaceutical infusion and drug therapy. Intra-cystic pressure (ICP) of the two groups was measured during treatment. The effectiveness and outcomes of treatment were observed and APACHE Ⅱ scores were applied in analysis. RESULTS: On days 4 and 5 of treatment, the ICP was lower in the study group than in the control group(P < 0.05). On days 3-5 of treatment, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) scores for the study and control groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). Both the effectiveness and outcome of the treatment with Da Cheng Qi Decoction on abdominalgia, burbulence relief time, ascites quantity, cyst formation rate and hospitalization time were quite different between the two groups (P < 0.05). The mortality rate for the two groups had no significant difference. CONCLUSION: Da Cheng Qi Decoction enema and external use of Glauber's salt combined with routine non-operative conservative treatment can decrease the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) of SAP patients and have preventive and therapeutic effects on abdominal compartment syndrome of SAP.

Relationship of Parental Indica-Japonica Indexes with Yield and Grain Quality Traits of Japonica Hybrid Rice in Northern China

Taking the main parents （10 male sterile lines and 10 restorer lines） and their 100 combinations of japonica hybrid rice in northern China as materials, the relationships of parental indica-japonica indexes determined by the methods of the Cheng’s index as well as simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers with yield and grain quality traits of hybrid rice were studied. For the parents, the Cheng’s index （Chi） ranged from 13.5 to 19.3 and the indica index in SSR markers （ADi） were from 0.12 to 0.38. The classification of parents by Chi was not completely consistent with that by ADi. The Chi of male parent was more closely related to hybrid traits than that of female parent, as contrasted to ADi. At the same time, the difference between parents （PD） in Chi was more closely related to hybrid traits than that in ADi. The indica-japonica indexes of parents and their difference between parents appeared quadratic relationship to hybrid traits with the critical extremum. The directions of the correlation of indica-japonica indexes of parents and their differences with hybrid yield traits were on the opposition to those with hybrid grain quality traits. Therefore, the female parent should match the male parent moderately in indica-japonica index to obtain the optimum of hybrid traits, high yield as well as good quality.

Comparison of Morphological and Genetic Differentiations in Filial Generation of Cross Between Indica and Japonica Rice

A recombinant inbred line （RIL） population of F8 and F9 generations derived from a cross between a typical indica rice （Qishanzhan） and a typical japonica rice （Akihikari） was used to study the difference between morphological differentiation based on phenotype characters and genetic differentiation using indica and japonica specific SSR markers, and to evaluate the relationship between vascular bundle characters and morphological and genetic differentiations. The results showed that the frequency distributions of morphological and genetic differentiations were all inclined to japonica type in the filial generation. The population was more inclined to japonica type based on genetic differentiation than on morphological differentiation. The consistent degrees of classification based on the Cheng’s index, the ratio of large vascular bundle number to small vascular bundle number in panicle neck （RLSVB） and the ratio of large vascular bundle number in the second internode from the top to that in the panicle neck （RLVB） were all about 50% compared with the genetic differentiation, and the consistent degree of the total scores of the Cheng’s index combined with the vascular bundle number ratios was significantly increased to about 80% compared with the genetic differentiation. Therefore, the vascular bundle characters could be used as a helpful supplement for subspecies classification.

洛阳新见《宋故安定席处士墓志铭》考论

《宋故安定席处士墓志铭》由二程(程颐、程颢)门生刘立之撰文,李处遯书丹,记载了席彦正的生平家世、个人品行及其处士生活。墓志透露出二程先生的门生故旧及部分姻亲状况,对于了解二程先生的姻亲、社交以及宋代书法艺术、书院教育状况具有一定的学术价值。

基于文献挖掘的《程敬通医案》组方用药规律研究

目的:通过数据挖掘技术,探析《程敬通医案》治疗疾病的组方用药规律。方法:选取《程敬通医案》中的57则医案,整理并规范中药名称,建立数据库,运用Microsoft Excel 2019、SPSS Modeler 18.0、SPSS 26.0等软件分别对药物进行频次统计、关联规则、聚类分析。结果:选取的57则处方中,共涉及药物153味,用药总频次为350次。当归、熟地黄、党参、甘草为使用频次最高的4种药物。药性以平、温、微温为主,药味则以甘、辛为主。常用药物归脾经、心经、肺经、肾经、肝经居多。常用药类以补虚药、安神药、温里药为主。药对枸杞子→熟地黄,药组生姜+白芍→大枣、生姜+党参→大枣、生姜+当归→大枣的置信度达100%。常用药物聚类分析得到6个组合。结论:程敬通临证用药少而精,注重补益气血、固护脾胃之气、滋养肾阴,组方推崇扶正祛邪、通补兼施、升降相因、开阖相伍等法。

宣恩县利川润楠种群及群落特征研究

利用生态学方法,对湖北省宣恩县的利川润楠(Machilus lichuanensis Cheng ex S.Lee)天然种群和群落特征进行调查分析。结果表明,宣恩县的利川润楠群落物种丰富,有维管束植物101种,隶属于51科90属;利川润楠种群数量虽多,但结构不合理,处于更新层的幼苗和幼树总体上所占比例较小,且在各样地分布不匀;调查范围内的利川润楠种群均缺少足够的演替层;种群对坡度、坡位、坡向、海拔等生态因子具有选择性,海拔700~1 050 m的山地下坡位、阴坡坡向更适合利川润楠的生长。根据调查结果,进一步分析了利川润楠的濒危原因,并提出了相应的保育对策。

黄褐毛忍冬花蕾咖啡酰奎宁酸类成分研究

目的研究黄褐毛忍冬(Lonicera fulvotomentosa Hsuet S.C.Cheng)花蕾的化学成分,为金银花类药材综合质量评价提供科学依据。方法采用各种色谱技术进行分离纯化,通过化合物理化性质及波谱数据鉴定结构。结果分离鉴定了5个化合物:灰毡毛素F(Ⅰ),4,5-O-双咖啡酰奎宁酸甲酯(Ⅱ),3,4-O-双咖啡酰奎宁酸(Ⅲ),4,5-O-双咖啡酰奎宁酸(Ⅳ),绿原酸(Ⅴ)。结论以上5种咖啡酰奎宁酸类成分均为首次从该种植物中分离得到。

黄褐毛忍冬不同炮制品中绿原酸的HPLC法含量测定

目的 比较黄褐毛忍冬花蕾、白花、黄花生晒品及蒸晒品中绿原酸的含量。方法 采用 HPLC法 ,反相 Hy-persil C1 8柱 ,以乙腈 -0 .4%磷酸溶液 (13∶ 87)为流动相 ,检测波长为 3 2 7nm。结果 黄褐毛忍冬花蕾、白花、黄花生晒品绿原酸含量分别为 0 .5 4% ,0 .81% ,0 .5 7% ;蒸晒品中绿原酸含量分别为 2 .14 % ,1.65 % ,2 .0 4%。

薄层扫描法测定金银花中黄褐毛忍冬皂苷甲的含量

目的:采用薄层扫描法测定金银花中黄褐毛忍冬皂苷甲的含量。方法:硅胶 G 薄层板,展开剂:氯仿-甲醇-水(61∶32∶5),显色:10%硫酸乙醇溶液喷雾,105℃烘烤约5min,双波长锯齿扫描,检测波长518nm,参比波长700nm。结果:黄褐毛忍冬皂苷甲的线性范围为1.20～7.20μg,r=0.998。平均回收率为99.76%,RSD 为2.45%。结论:用于金银花中皂苷类成分的分析,本法简便、快速,重现性好。

霍山石斛及相似种的位点特异性PCR鉴别

目的设计出霍山石斛的位点特异性鉴别引物,仅通过PCR就能对霍山石斛的真伪进行准确鉴别。方法利用石斛属植物基因库中rDNA ITS序列数据库进行同源性比较,在与霍山石斛差异较大的区段设计1对特异性引物,然后对19份石斛属植物DNA模板进行PCR扩增,阳性者即为霍山石斛正品。结果发现在退火温度为60℃时,该引物能把霍山石斛的模板从19份石斛属植物中扩增出来,而其他的石斛属植物均为阴性。结论运用位点特异性鉴别引物成功地对霍山石斛进行PCR鉴别,该鉴别反应重现性好,能在霍山石斛鉴别时发挥重要的作用,与形态学、DNA测序等鉴别方法相比,该方法具有高效、准确、简便、省时等优点。

霍山石斛生理生化性质的研究进展

石斛属(D end robium Sw.)为兰科植物,约有1 500种。我国有80种,其中药用石斛有51种。在我国传统医学中,石斛为常用药材,现代药理研究证明石斛具有抗肿瘤、抗衰老、降血糖等作用。霍山石斛是安徽省特产的药用石斛,为石斛中的上品。综述了霍山石斛的生理生化、生物学特性、有效成分等方面的研究现状。

生长调节物质对霍山石斛试管苗生根的影响

目的 研究不同生长调节物质和有机添加物对霍山石斛原球茎试管再生苗生根的影响。方法 将试管苗分别培养在添加不同浓度的 NAA,IBA,BA,KT,香蕉泥或氨基酸的 MS基本培养基中诱导生根 ,观察并统计试管苗生根状况。结果 不同 NAA,IBA,BA ,KT,香蕉泥或氨基酸添加浓度对试管苗生根率、根长、生根数及长势的影响有明显差异 ,它们的适合浓度分别为 0 .2 ,0 .1,0 .8,0 .8m g/ L,2 0 %和 0 .1%。结论 NAA,IBA和香蕉泥对霍山石斛原球茎试管再生苗生根影响较大 ;氨基酸 ,BA和 KT对生根作用不明显 ;KT有持绿作用。

不同种源霍山石斛生物碱比较研究

目的:比较珍稀濒危药用植物霍山石斛试管苗与野生品生物碱组成与含量。方法:采用建立的生物碱沉淀敲除技术分析试管苗移栽驯化植株与野生植株生物碱组份变化;采用酸碱滴定法测定总生物碱含量。结果:以磷钼酸、碘-碘化钾、碘化铋钾、碘化汞钾和雷氏铵盐沉淀敲除总生物碱提取物中生物碱组份,对比分析敲除前后HPLC图谱,确定组培植株HPLC谱中的峰6、7为生物碱组份峰,野生植株HPLC谱中的峰4、5、6、7为生物碱组份峰;以硅胶薄层层析,改良碘化铋钾喷雾显色,组培植株、野生植株分别检出2个和4个生物碱显色斑,与HPLC检测结果一致。霍山石斛组培植株和野生植株总生物碱含量按干品计分别为(0.29±0.11)‰和(0.43±0.15)‰。结论:不同种源霍山石斛当年生枝条总生物碱组成及含量不同,提示不同种源的霍山石斛药材品质存在差异。实验构建的生物碱敲除-HPLC检出方法为以未知生物碱为药效物质基础的中药质量控制提供了研究方法。

丽江塔城地区云南红豆杉内生真菌的多样性研究

为了探悉云南红豆杉内生真菌的多样性,研究了云南丽江维西地区云南红豆杉(Taxus yunnanensisCheng et L.K.Fu)内生真菌的种类组成及数量。从云南红豆杉根、茎、叶中分离获得115种内生真菌,经过形态学和ITS分析结果表明,这115种内生真菌分属于21属,其中分布最广的类群是芽枝霉属(19种),其次是黑孢属(17种)和拟茎点霉属(14种),说明云南红豆杉不同部位内生真菌的数量、分布、种群及其组成存在差异,具有丰富的物种多样性。经初步检测,其中有4个菌种能够产生紫杉醇。

霍山石斛cpDNA全序列微卫星分布及分子鉴别研究

目的:探讨霍山石斛的叶绿体基因组(chloroplast genomic DNA,cpDNA)中微卫星分布规律并设计引物鉴别霍山石斛及其伪品。方法:利用GenBank上已公布的霍山石斛cpDNA全序列,应用分子生物学软件对霍山石斛cpDNA中的微卫星位点统计分析,并设计筛选特异性引物对霍山石斛进行鉴别。结果:霍山石斛cpDNA中微卫星位点共有52个,以单碱基重复序列为主,共有25个,占总位点48%,其次二碱基重复序列有16个,占总位点30.8%,三碱基及三碱基以上重复序列在cpDNA中分布极少。在通过微卫星位点所设计的4对引物中,有2对引物可对霍山石斛及部分混伪品进行有效的鉴别。结论:所设计的引物可以对霍山石斛及其伪混品进行鉴别,且所得数据为霍山石斛的种群遗传和起源分化的研究提供了支持。

霍山石斛种内遗传稳定性的RAPD初探

目的 研究霍山石斛荚果内遗传稳定性及荚果间的差异大小。方法 利用从20个随机引物筛选出来的3个稳定性较好的10碱基引物对来自5个不同荚果的霍山石斛种群进行RAPD检测。结果 5个荚果内遗传相似系数较大,在92.5926%-100.00%,其中H1、H9、H10、H14存在一定程度的变异,H23是一个较为稳定的群体;5个荚果间H1、H9、H10、H23的遗传距离较小,H14与其他4个荚果的遗传距离则较大。结论 建立霍山石斛稳定的无性快繁体系是切实可行的,同时说明霍山石斛种内存在一定的变异,H14与其他荚果的差异最大。