SO_2 emission cap planning for Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone

The SO 2 emission sources of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone were divided into 556 emissions units according to four different categories,which are city,industry,point sources,and area sources.The CALPUFF model was used to calculate the contribution of each unit,and consequently obtain an influence-transferring matrix.To ensure that the SO 2 concentrations of 46 cities and counties in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone meet air quality standards,an emission optimization model was developed to calculate optimal emissions of each emission unit under different development scenarios.The result showed the optimal emissions of SO 2 by different provinces and industries.To achieve the target of restricting and optimizing development,corresponding planning programs were developed for every district.

Comprehensive evaluation and spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of urban resilience in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle

To clarify the connotations and extensions of urban resilience,this study focuses on the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle with 16 cities as research subjects.A comprehensive evaluation index system was constructed to measure the resilience of each city from 2003 to 2020.The spatial-temporal evolution characteristics were analyzed using Kernel density estimation,standard deviation ellipse,and spatial Markov chain analysis,and the spatial Tobit model was introduced to discover the influencing factors.The results indicate the following:①Urban resilience in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle displays an upward trend,with the center of gravity moving to the southwest,and the polarization phenomenon intensifying.②The urban resilience level in a region has certain spatial and geographical dependence,while the probability of urban resilience transfer differs in adjacent cities with different resilience levels.③Urban centrality,economic scale,openness level,and financial development promote urban resilience,whereas government scale significantly inhibits it.Finally,this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions to improve the urban resilience of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle.

The Impact of Digital Finance on High-Quality Development of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle

This paper developed a comprehensive evaluation system that was able to quantify the levels of high-quality development across the cities within the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle,and investigate the impact that digital finance had on the cities’high-quality development and the underlying mechanisms through which it achieved this.This comprehensive evaluation system was constructed using statistical data from these cities for the period 2014 to 2020 while also taking China’s high-quality development philosophy into account.The key findings revealed that:(a)Digital finance was able to significantly promote high-quality development in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle;(b)Digital finance had a significant positive effect in promoting innovative,coordinated,green,open,and shared development;(c)Digital finance was able to stimulate the high-quality development in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle by boosting entrepreneurial dynamism;(d)Digital finance had a significant impact on the high-quality development of the axis areas,while its impact was less discernible in non-axis areas.The insights from this research offer a deeper understanding of the factors that drive high-quality development,the role digital finance plays,and the mechanisms through which digital finance is able to propel high-quality development at the city cluster scale.

Research on Sports Public Service Supply in the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin-City Economic Circle under the Background of Regional Economic Development

Using literature,questionnaires,interviews,and mathematical statistics to investigate the current situation of sports public services in the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin-city Economic Circle.The results show that there are some problems in Chengdu-Chongqing sports public services,such as big difference in the development level of supply between urban and rural areas,low supply level,low efficiency,supply mechanism defect,lack of social sports instructors,an outstanding contradiction between the quality of sports public service and residents’demand.To address the problems,government departments should accelerate the transformation of government functions,improve the relevant regulations and systems,increase the investment in sports public services,improve the quality of supply,cultivate the backbone team,integrate resources,and combine the national characteristics with regional characteristics,take into account the personalized needs of the residents,combine the sports public services with intelligence,and build the service system of“Internet+Fitness.”

Research on the Cultivation of the Innovative Subcenters in Sichuan Based on the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle Strategic Background

This paper summarizes the development experience of the subcenters in leading provinces, including their establishment mode, strategic positioning, development mode and economic development. It also analyzes the economic development characteristics, regional patterns, and location distributions of Mianyang, Deyang, Leshan, Yibin, Luzhou, Nanchong and Dazhou, the seven alternative subcenters in Sichuan province. It focuses on the analysis of their basic situations regarding scientific and technological(S&T) innovation development including investment in S&T innovation, talent team construction, S&T achievements, industrial structure and S&T platforms compared with the innovative subcenters in leading provinces. Results show that the scale of S&T innovation activities in the seven alternative subcenters in Sichuan province needs to be improved. Finally, based on the ChengduChongqing economic circle strategy, this paper puts forward the thoughts and suggestions on how to cultivate the innovative subcenters in Sichuan province.

On the Digital Transformation of the Automobile Manufacturing Industry in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle:Mechanism of Action and Feasible Paths

With a long industrial chain and a powerful ability to drive other industries,the automobile manufacturing industry has a prominent strategic position in the national economy.In recent years,many countries have put on their agenda the digitalization of the automobile manufacturing industry,leading to an connected,autonomous,shared,and electric(also known as CASE)①development trend in the industry.As one of the six major automobile industry clusters in China,the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle has achieved initial results in the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry.However,the region is still faced with some constraints,such as insufficient digital infrastructure,relatively slow development of new automobile products,insufficient innovation ability of the automobile industry,and complex digital transformation of small and medium-sized automobile enterprises(automobile SMEs).This paper intends to construct a framework for the mechanism of action of the digital transformation in the automobile manufacturing industry,analyze the effects of the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle,and propose feasible paths for the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry in the region by drawing on domestic and international experience in this regard.The specific paths include:(a)Smoothing the“dual-core”data chain to facilitate the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry;(b)Developing the new energy vehicle(NEV)industry to upgrade the quality of automobile products;(c)Achieving corner overtaking in the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry with digital technology;(d)Jointly building the automobile industrial park to promote the digital transformation of the industry;(e)Addressing problems facing automobile SMEs in digital transformation via targeted policy tools.

Analysis of the Higher Education Research in the Chengdu-Chongqing Region:A Comparative Perspective Based on Three Major Economic Circles in China

Drawing on literature regarding higher education research retrieved from the CNKI database from 1997 to 2021,this paper used CiteSpace to analyze the current status of higher education research in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle.By comparing it with that in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,and the Yangtze River Delta,this paper concluded that the level of higher education research within a region is in line with the level of the region’s economic and social development.As higher education research in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle draws more and more attention,its research areas and topics are becoming increasingly diversified.However,by comparison,the research in this region features a late start and lower participation of researchers and research institutions,resulting in insufficient research in both quantity and quality.Therefore,it is essential to encourage more experts and scholars to participate in higher education research in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle.Efforts should also be made to strengthen academic exchanges and cooperation between scholars in Chengdu and Chongqing and establish a long-term cooperation mechanism for higher education research between the two cities.Improved higher education research will definitely facilitate the construction of first-class universities,thus providing human capital and intellectual support for the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle.

Research of Informatization Demands of New Countryside in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone and Related Countermeasures

[Objective] The aim was to survey and analyze informatization demand in new countryside in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone and to propose counter- measures, [Method] A questionnaire was made among farmers on informatization de- mands in different regions in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone and the re- sults were analyzed to propose countermeasures promoting informatization. [Result] With strengthening of information awareness, information demands in rural areas in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone change as follows： Information demand car- rier changes from traditional media to modern media; demand on information content changes from one-way to diversified one; demand of information service changes from one-way transmission to interaction and exchange. However, some problems still exist in informatization process, such as poor infrastructure, dispersed information resources, higher information expense and shortage of information-based talents. Hence, the countermeasures were proposed, as follows： Rational security systems should be established; financing should be as diversified as possible; informatization infrastructure should be reinforced; agricultural economic information and informatiza- tion service system should be established. [Conclusion] The research lays foundation for construction of informatization in new countryside in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone.

GIS-based Ecological Suitability Assessment for Land Use——A Case Study of an Economic Development Zone in Shenyang

Analysis indices of ecological suitability were selected through literature reviewing and expert consultation. Visualization of assessment course was achieved based on different land use functions with the help of ArcGIS9.0 and GIS layers with different properties were overlapped and computed with GIS grids. Hence, the areas were colored and reclassified（colors representing different ecological suitability degrees）. Finally, land use functions can be readjusted by the evaluation results,providing references for rational planning of economic development zones.

Analysis on Scale, Level and Structure of China-Kazakhstan Intra-Industry Trade of Energy Products-Based on Silk. Road Economic Zone as Strategic Background

论文依次从规模、水平、结构三个角度,分析1999年-2014年中国与哈萨克斯坦能源产品产业内贸易发展状况D 结果表明：中哈能源产品贸易规模扩大,但以产业间贸易为主,产业内贸易集中于石油产品,其中垂直型产业内贸易占主要地位,能源产品产业内贸易有较大提升空间D 在此基础上对中哈能源产品产业内贸易影响因素进行探究,考察经济规模、收入差异、贸易公平程度、外商直接投资等四个因素对产业内贸易的影响,为发展中哈能源贸易提供实证依据及合理建议.

EVOLUTIONARY MODEL OF FREE ECONOMIC ZONES——Different Generations and Structural Features

Free economic zone (FEZ) has a long history and plays a more and more important role in the world economy. Most studies, however, focused on the theoretical analysis of benefit and cost as well as the economic role of FEZ in the less developed countries and little attention has been paid to the evolution of FEZ. This paper will improve the above-mentioned studies and put forward the structural and spatial evolutionary model of FEZ by analyzing the development of objectives, preferential policy, governance structure, industrial sectors and location of FEZs based on the international economic and political development. FEZs develop towards: 1) more comprehensive and macro objectives, 2) more industry-oriented and multi-preferential policies, 3) more cross-national and combination zones with administrative areas, 4) more technology-intensive and multi-industries, 5) more flexible location and larger spatial dimensions, 6) more rapid evolution and typologies, and 7) more economic integration to the host economy.

An overview of the resources and environment conditions and major geological problems in the Yangtze River economic zone, China

Focusing on the Yangtze River economic zone,the previous geological researches are systematically summarized,resources and environment conditions and major geological problems which are needing to be concerned in land planning and construction are studied.The results show that the resource conditions of cultivated land,shale gas,geotherm,lithium and so on are superior in the Yangtze River economic zone,and the resources and environment conditions are conducive to develop the modern agriculture,clean energy industry and strategic emerging industries.3×1013 m^2 farmlands without heavy metal pollution are concentrated;there are three national level shale gas exploration and development bases with explored reserves of 5.441×1011 m^3;geothermal availability is 2.4×109 t of standard coal each year,equivalent to 19% of the amount of coal in 2014;Asia's largest energy lithium metal ore deposit is found.In some parts of Yangtze River economic zone,there are some major geological problems such as active faults,karst collapse,ground subsidence,landslide-collapse-debris flow,affecting the river-crossing channels,high-speed railway,urban agglomeration and green ecological corridor planning and construction.Those problems should be concerned,and the relevant suggestions and countermeasures are put forward.Meanwhile,the ideas to further support the development of the Yangtze River economic zone are put forward.

GA and PSO culled hybrid technique for economic dispatch problem with prohibited operating zones

This paper presents an efficient and reliable genetic algorithm (GA) based particle swarm optimization (PSO) tech- nique (hybrid GAPSO) for solving the economic dispatch (ED) problem in power systems. The non-linear characteristics of the generators, such as prohibited operating zones, ramp rate limits and non-smooth cost functions of the practical generator operation are considered. The proposed hybrid algorithm is demonstrated for three different systems and the performance is compared with the GA and PSO in terms of solution quality and computation efficiency. Comparison of results proved that the proposed algo- rithm can obtain higher quality solutions efficiently in ED problems. A comprehensive software package is developed using MATLAB.

Implementation Effect of Farmland Protection in Urumqi-Changji Economic Zone,China

A multi-level evaluation index system is established with farmland protection as the target layer,farmland quantity,farmland quality andfarmland sustainable development as the criterion layer.And the index layer includes the quantity change of farmland,per capita farmland area,multiple cropping index,total grain yield,unit grain yield,per capita grain security coefficient,and unit machinery dynamical input.Both expert eval-uation method and factor analysis method are used to determine the weight of index.According to the data in farmland area,grain yield and eco-nomic development in Urumqi-Changji Economic Zone in the years 1996-2007,a comprehensive evaluation model of intensive farmland use inUrumqi-Changji Economic Zone is established after data standardization.The overall implementation effect of farmland protection policy is ana-lyzed by integrating the farmland quantity,farmland quality and sustainable development.Result shows that implementation effect of farmland pro-tection shows an upward trend in general in Urumqi-Changji Economic Zone in the years 1996-2007,with a fluctuation in the years 2000-2003and a stable rising phase from 2004 till now.The maximum value is 0.779 in the year 2007;the minimum value is 0.242 in the year 1996;and themean value in the years 1996-2007 is 0.454.Farmland protection at first strictly controls the farmland quantity,then pays attention to farmlandquality,and finally focuses on the sustainable use of farmland.

Regional Geochemical Characteristics and Influence Factors of Soil Elements in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China

Soil heavy metal pollution is one of the main environmental problems in Pearl River Delta Economic?Zone of China. Based on multi-purpose regional geochemical survey, regional eco-geochemical assessment, local eco-geochemical assessment and comprehensive appraisal, the eco-geochemical survey and assessment in Pearl River Delta Economic Zone of 41,698 km2?were completed. Samples from soils were collected in accordance with the two-layer grid method. Totally 54 elements and indicators for soils were determined. Compared to deep soils, the sampled surface soils are enriched in OrgC, N, P, Cd, S,Hg, Ag, B, Au, S and poor with As, Ni, I, Co, Cr, V, MgO, Sc, Al2O3, Fe2O3?etc. The characteristics of geochemical reference value of element in soil that inherited soil parent material and regional elements combined features reflected that the elements enriched in the soil was interrelated with acid rock, sandstone and shale. The spatial distribution characteristics of element regional geochemistry were conditional by regional environmental geological conditions,and effected by human activities. The Pearl River Delta plain is a typical geochemical landscape area with regional anomaly of multiple-elements. The north, western and eastern parts of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone are quite different in geochemical features due to regional geological background, soil parent materials, geomorphic characteristics and human activities. Environment quality evaluation results show that the grade I and grade II soil accounted for 19.9% and 57.3% of the total area. Many samples that widely distributed in the economic developed of Pearl River Delta Plain area reached the third-grade of national soil environment standard. The soil enriched in Cd, Hg, As, and the area ratio accounting for 22.8% of the total area. It is mainly controlled by the geochemical background, the Pearl River Delta formation evolution process, especially the marine transgression process lead to Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb enrichment in Pearl River Delta plain. At the same time, under the influence of higher pressure of human activities, all kinds of exogenous input material carrying heavy metal pollutants on soil environmental quality also could not to ignore.

Potential Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals in Soils of Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone

In this research, soil samples were collected from Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone to investigate heavy metal pollutions in this region and to evaluate the potential ecological risks of heavy metal pollutants based on Hakanson Potential Ecological Risk Indexes. According to the results, Hg was the primary heavy metal pollutant in Blue Economic Zone, followed by Cd, Cu, and Pb as prevalent pollutants. Heavy metals ranked in order of their pollution degrees are: Hg>Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr>As;the potential ecological risks of heavy metals follow the order of Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn. Heavy metal pollutions did exist in this region to a certain extent, and the percentage of potential ecological risk in “strong” and “severe” degree reached up to 13.75%. This composite risk characteristic was subject to the restriction of Hg and Cd mainly distributed in Laizhou-Zhaoyuan- Yantai, Muping-Rushan Goldmine, and other densely-populated regions, threatening the safety production of crops. The combined effects of geological background and human activities, e.g. gold mining and domestic pollutants, were the main causes of high potential ecological risks of heavy metals in local environment.

EFFECTIVENESS OF REGIONAL TOURISM INTEGRATION—Case of Quadrangle Economic Cooperation Zone in Great Mekong Region

The Quadrangle Economic Cooperation Zone in Great Mekong Region, where the Golden Triangle is located, is composed with the border areas of China, Laos, Thailand and Myanmar. The poorest and inaccessible remote Golden Triangle now faces the opportunity to develop and participate in the global economic system. Not only has the traditional border tourism between two countries in this region been growing rapidly and various tourism products cross the regions also have been developed. The article attempts to explore the multiplier effects of tourism on regional cooperation. These consequences of tourism cooperation take effect through the infrastructure improvement, facilitation of the flee movement, improvement of communication and promotion of the alternative economy. The study also points out the unexpected negative consequences to limit its role as a regional cooperative engine due to the lack of consideration of the dual economic and social structure in tourism development. The special attention should be drawn to consider the limited benefits for the marginalized community, the high transaction of the social costs related with the drug tourism and sex tourism. The paper calls for more rigorous cooperative regional plans and policies to the complexity of tourism development in this region.

Analysis and Research on Industrial Land Transfer in Hefei City Economic and Technological Development Zone of Anhui Province

In recent years,with high-speed development of economy and society,and fast propulsion of industrialization and urbanization process in the development zone,average annual land demand in the development zone also quickly enlarges,and the contradiction between high-speed growth of economy and shortage of land resources is apparent increasingly. Meanwhile,to guarantee crop safety and stick to 0. 12 billion hm2of farmland red line as a rigid constraint which could not be exceeded,the supply-demand contradiction of industrial land is more and more prominent. With industrial land scale continues to enlarge,land resources become more and more scarce,but there exists the phenomenon of low-efficiency land use and even idle. For land use characteristics of the development zone,taking Hefei City Economic and Technological Development Zone as an example,the countermeasures of perfecting industrial land transfer mechanism in the development zone are proposed.

The Role of China's High-Tech Zones in Its Regional Economic Development

National high-tech industrial development zones represent a major strategy of the Chinese government in developing high-tech industries and spurring regional economic growth. The effect of this policy is yet to be proven. Based on the panel data of 283 Chinese cities between 1984 and 2012, this paper investigates the effect of high-tech zones on regional economic development. Empirical results suggest that first, national hightech zones have remarkably enhanced regional GDP and per capita GDP growth, and this conclusion still holds true after multiple rounds of robustness test; second, the economic effect of national high-tech zones is subject to diminishing marginal return and compared with higher-tier cities, lower-tier cities benefited more from the creation of national hightech zones. This paper concludes that national high-tech zones where special policies are experimented and offered not only drive economic development but, if properly distributed across regions, may help reduce regional economic disparities as well. The results of this study provide important implications for the future distribution of national high-tech zones and the creation of other relevant policies.

Study on Planning and Design Mode of Eco-agricultural Demonstration Base in Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone

Guided by the Planning of Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone, traffic and geographic conditions of the Eco-agricultural Demonstration Base in the study area were analyzed, and design principles proposed as "adaptation to local conditions, scientific planning, benign circulation and sustainable development". Detailed planning and design was interpreted from the perspectives of infrastructure planning and functional area planning. Specifically, infrastructure construction should focus on traffic design, water, power and gas supply design, and also architectural design; while functional areas should be gradually developed from south section to central and then north section. It was to establish a design and planning mode that can be widely applied.