[Objective] In order to take full advantage of processing by-product of water chestnut, the microwave extraction method of flavonoids from water chestnut skin dregs was optimized. The extracted flavonoids had a relati...[Objective] In order to take full advantage of processing by-product of water chestnut, the microwave extraction method of flavonoids from water chestnut skin dregs was optimized. The extracted flavonoids had a relatively high yield. [Method] The Box-Behnken design-based response surface method was adopted to optimize the microwave extraction of flavonoids from water chestnut skin dregs, a by-product of water chestnut starch. The mathematical relationships between various influencing factors and flavonoids yield were established. [Result] The optimum extraction conditions of flavonoids from water chestnut skin dregs were as follows: ethanol concentration of 55.4%, solid/liquid ratio of 1:30 g/ml, microwave power of 320 W, microwave time of 3 min and microwave time of 2 times. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the theoretical flavonoids yield was 2.376%. However, the actual flavonoids yield under the optimum extraction conditions was 2.365%. The relative error between actual values and theoretically predicted values was 0.461%. [Conclusion] The results showed the optimized extraction method is reliable, and it can provide a reference for the comprehensive and highly efficient utilization of water chestnut processing wastes.展开更多
通过提取板栗刺壳中的栲胶对山羊酸皮进行主鞣。研究栲胶用量、初始p H、结束p H、鞣制时间对植鞣后的酸皮性能的影响,采用正交实验对酸皮鞣制工艺进行优化,得到山羊酸皮用作内底革和汽车装饰用皮革的最佳工艺条件。将改性后的板栗刺壳...通过提取板栗刺壳中的栲胶对山羊酸皮进行主鞣。研究栲胶用量、初始p H、结束p H、鞣制时间对植鞣后的酸皮性能的影响,采用正交实验对酸皮鞣制工艺进行优化,得到山羊酸皮用作内底革和汽车装饰用皮革的最佳工艺条件。将改性后的板栗刺壳栲胶对山羊酸皮进行鞣制,并与市场上已有的栗木栲胶、坚木栲胶鞣制的皮革进行性能比较。结果表明,山羊酸皮用作内底革时的最佳工艺条件为栲胶用量14%,初始p H 4.0,结束p H4.5,植鞣时间4 h。山羊酸皮用作汽车装饰用皮革时的最佳工艺条件为栲胶用量11%,初始p H 4.0,结束p H 4.0,植鞣时间6 h。用板栗刺壳栲胶鞣制的山羊酸皮与用坚木栲胶、栗木栲胶鞣制的山羊酸皮相比,其抗张强度、收缩温度较高,伸长率大致相同,但用板栗刺壳栲胶鞣制的山羊酸皮粒面情况和柔软度较差,故当山羊酸皮用作某种对粒面情况、柔软度要求较低的皮革时,板栗刺壳栲胶可以代替市场上已有的栲胶。展开更多
文摘[Objective] In order to take full advantage of processing by-product of water chestnut, the microwave extraction method of flavonoids from water chestnut skin dregs was optimized. The extracted flavonoids had a relatively high yield. [Method] The Box-Behnken design-based response surface method was adopted to optimize the microwave extraction of flavonoids from water chestnut skin dregs, a by-product of water chestnut starch. The mathematical relationships between various influencing factors and flavonoids yield were established. [Result] The optimum extraction conditions of flavonoids from water chestnut skin dregs were as follows: ethanol concentration of 55.4%, solid/liquid ratio of 1:30 g/ml, microwave power of 320 W, microwave time of 3 min and microwave time of 2 times. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the theoretical flavonoids yield was 2.376%. However, the actual flavonoids yield under the optimum extraction conditions was 2.365%. The relative error between actual values and theoretically predicted values was 0.461%. [Conclusion] The results showed the optimized extraction method is reliable, and it can provide a reference for the comprehensive and highly efficient utilization of water chestnut processing wastes.
文摘通过提取板栗刺壳中的栲胶对山羊酸皮进行主鞣。研究栲胶用量、初始p H、结束p H、鞣制时间对植鞣后的酸皮性能的影响,采用正交实验对酸皮鞣制工艺进行优化,得到山羊酸皮用作内底革和汽车装饰用皮革的最佳工艺条件。将改性后的板栗刺壳栲胶对山羊酸皮进行鞣制,并与市场上已有的栗木栲胶、坚木栲胶鞣制的皮革进行性能比较。结果表明,山羊酸皮用作内底革时的最佳工艺条件为栲胶用量14%,初始p H 4.0,结束p H4.5,植鞣时间4 h。山羊酸皮用作汽车装饰用皮革时的最佳工艺条件为栲胶用量11%,初始p H 4.0,结束p H 4.0,植鞣时间6 h。用板栗刺壳栲胶鞣制的山羊酸皮与用坚木栲胶、栗木栲胶鞣制的山羊酸皮相比,其抗张强度、收缩温度较高,伸长率大致相同,但用板栗刺壳栲胶鞣制的山羊酸皮粒面情况和柔软度较差,故当山羊酸皮用作某种对粒面情况、柔软度要求较低的皮革时,板栗刺壳栲胶可以代替市场上已有的栲胶。