The Cult of Mazu in Hainan,China and Among Vietnamese Hainanese Diaspora:A Comparative Study of Mazu Culture

The cult of Mazu is a common folk belief in China and Vietnam.Originating from the Song and Yuan Dynasties,particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the cult of Mazu spread to Vietnam through maritime trade and migration from coastal regions of China.After centuries of integration and development,it evolved into its own cultural system of Mazu worship,becoming an important component of Vietnamese folk culture.Hainan,China,as a crucial supply station on the Maritime Silk Road,has close connections with the transmission of Mazu culture to Vietnam.This paper adopts field investigations and literature research methods to explore the Mazu worship and culture in Hainan,China,and the Qiongfu Assembly Halls in Vietnam.

Influence of Human Activity Intensity on Habitat Quality in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park,China

Due to long-term human activity interference,the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park(HTRNP)of China has experienced ecological problems such as habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss,and with the expanding scope and intensity of human activity impact,the regional ecological security is facing serious challenges.A scientific assessment of the interrelationship between human activity intensity and habitat quality in the HTRNP is a prerequisite for achieving effective management of ecological disturbances caused by human activities and can also provide scientific strategies for the sustainable development of the region.Based on the land use change data in 2000,2010,and 2020,the spatial and temporal variations and the relationship between habitat quality(HQ)and human activity intensity(HAI)in the HTRNP were explored using the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs(InVEST)model.System dynamics and land use simulation models were also combined to conduct multi-scenario simulations of their relationships.The results showed that during 2000–2020,the habitat quality of the HTRNP improved,the intensity of human activities decreased each year,and there was a negative correlation between the two.Second,the system dynamic model could be well coupled with the land use simulation model by combining socio-economic and natural factors.The simulation scenarios of the coupling model showed that the harmonious development(HD)scenario is effective in curbing the increasing trend of human activity intensity and decreasing trend of habitat quality,with a weaker trade-off between the two compared with the baseline development(BD)and investment priority oriented(IPO)scenarios.To maintain the authenticity and integrity of the HTRNP,effective measures such as ecological corridor construction,ecological restoration,and the implementation of ecological compensation policies need to be strengthened.

Carbon Enrichment in the Lithospheric Mantle:Evidence from the Melt Inclusions in Mantle Xenoliths from the Hainan Basalts

It is generally believed that the lithospheric mantle and the mantle transition zone are important carbon reservoirs.However,the location of carbon storage in Earth's interior and the reasons for carbon enrichment remain unclear.In this study,we report CO_(2)-rich olivine-hosted melt inclusions in the mantle xenoliths of late Cenozoic basalts from the Penglai area,Hainan Province,which may shed some light on the carbon enrichment process in the lithospheric mantle.We also present a detailed petrological and geochemical investigation of the late Cenozoic basalts and mantle xenoliths from northern Hainan Island.The collected samples of late Cenozoic Hainan Island basalts belong to both alkaline and subalkaline series,showing fractionated REE patterns with high(La/Yb)_(N)values of 3.52–11.77,which are typical for OIB.Based on Al-in-olivine thermometry,the temperatures estimated for the mantle xenoliths can be divided into two groups.One group has temperatures of less than 1050℃,and the other group has temperature ranging from 1050℃to 1282℃.Clinopyroxene(La/Yb)_(N)–Ti/Eu and clinopyroxene Ca/Al–Mg^(#)diagrams indicate that the mantle peridotite experienced metasomatism from both silicate and carbonate melts.Melt inclusions in the olivine of mantle xenoliths include(1)CO_(2)bubble–rich melt inclusions;(2)multiphase melt inclusions(glass+CO_(2)bubble+daughter minerals);(3)pure glass melt inclusions.Magnesite is a daughter mineral in the olivine-hosted melt inclusions,which could be interpreted as a secondary mineral formed by the interactions of CO_(2)-rich fluids with an olivine host,due to post-entrapment effects.The glasses in olivine-hosted melt inclusions have high SiO_(2)contents(60.21–77.72 wt%).Our results suggest that a considerable amount of CO_(2)-rich melt inclusions are captured in the lithospheric mantle during metasomatism.The lithospheric mantle can therefore act as is a‘carbon trap',with much CO_(2)being absorbed by the lithospheric mantle in this way.

One Health practice in Hainan,China

The devastating COVID-19 pandemic over the past three years has made One Health a trending philosophy not only as a regional and national initiative but also as transboundary efforts calling for multilateral cooperations.Mwatondo et al.presented One Health Networks in a recent article published in The Lancet,calling for further promotion of the One Health approach[1].Likewise,recent studies in developing countries described the rapid adoption of One Health concepts globally and the major advances in practice of One Health in the past two decades[2-4].In this perspective,we highlight a pilot One Health program China spearheaded by the World Bank and the provincial government of Hainan.This pilot program aims to boost our awareness of preventing and combating emerging infectious diseases using the One Health approach[5].

Comparative analysis of the gut microbiota of wild adult rats from nine district areas in Hainan,China

BACKGROUND Wild rats have the potential to hold zoonotic infectious agents that can spread to humans and cause disease.AIM To better understand the composition of gut bacterial communities in rats is essential for preventing and treating such diseases.As a tropical island located in the south of China,Hainan province has abundant rat species.Here,we examined the gut bacterial composition in wild adult rats from Hainan province.METHODS Fresh fecal samples were collected from 162 wild adult rats,including three species(Rattus norvegicus,Leopoldamys edwardsi,and Rattus losea),from nine regions of Hainan province between 2017-2018.RESULTS We analyzed the composition of gut microbiota using the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.We identified 4903 bacterial operational taxonomic units(30 phyla,175 families,and 498 genera),which vary between samples of different rat species in various habitats at various times of the year.In general,Firmicutes were the most abundant phyla,followed by Bacteroidetes(15.55%),Proteobacteria(6.13%),and Actinobacteria(4.02%).The genus Lactobacillus(20.08%),unidentified_Clostridiales(5.16%),Romboutsia(4.33%),unidentified_Ruminococcaceae(3.83%),Bacteroides(3.66%),Helicobacter(2.40%)and Streptococcus(2.37%)were dominant.CONCLUSION The composition and abundance of the gut microbial communities varied between rat species and locations.This work provides fundamental information to identify microbial communities useful for disease control in Hainan province.

Increasing Anthropogenic Mercury Pollution over the Last 200 Years Revealed by Lagoonal Sediments from Hainan Island,South China

The toxic heavy metal mercury(Hg)has significantly enhanced the global Hg cycle influenced by human activities over the last century.In this study,we presented a high-resolution Hg deposition history between∼1780 and 2015 AD in a sediment core from Xincun Lagoon,located in the southeastern Hainan Island,South China,and analyzed it in conjunction with geochemical elements,grain-size distribution,organic matter,and HYSPLIT backward trajectory simulation.The objective was to investigate the influencing factors affecting historical Hg deposition in relatively remote regions and assess the extent of the effects of natural background and human activities.The results showed that the Hg in the sediment was deposited primarily through atmospheric deposition,which was closely related to regional and even global human activities.Anthropogenic Hg contamination increased gradually from the 1830s to 1850s,possibly due to Hg emissions from Opium Wars I and II occurring in southeastern China.High broad peaks of anthropogenic Hg were observed during the 1910s to 1950s and in the 1980s,likely associated with the two world wars and modern Chinese wars.In addition,a further sharp increase in anthropogenic Hg from the mid-1970s to the present occurred,likely originating from the intense industrial activities in China triggered by the reform and opening-up policy of China in 1978 and some countries in Southeast Asia.

Quaternary Intrusions from the Zhongjiannan Basin,South China Sea:Their Relationship with the Hainan Mantle Plume and Influence on Hydrocarbon Reservoirs

The transportation of magma in sedimentary basins often occurs through extensive dyke-sill networks.The role of sills on the plumbing system in rifted margins and the impact of sills on hydrocarbon reservoirs of prospective sedimentary basins has long been an area of great industrial interest and scientific debate.Based on 2D seismic reflection,we present data on how the sills emplaced to form a magmatic plumbing system of the volcanic system for the Zhongjiannan Basin(ZJNB).The results show that sixty-nine sills and fourteen forced folds have been identified.The distribution and geometry of the sills suggest that magma flowed from west to east and then ascended to near the surface.The onlap relationship of the forced folds indicates that the timing of magmatic activities can be constrained at ca.0.2 Ma.The spatial and temporal occurrences of intrusions imply that the strong post-rift magmatism in ZJNB was associated with the Hainan mantle plume arising from the core-mantle boundary.Furthermore,these forced folds could produce several types of hydrocarbon traps,due to accommodation through bending and uplift of the overlying rock and free surface,but it is critical to evaluate the effect of such emplacement when setting exploration targets.

Zoning Evaluation of Hourly Precipitation in High-resolution Regional Numerical Models over Hainan Island

This study assesses the performance of three high-resolution regional numerical models in predicting hourly rainfall over Hainan Island from April to October for the years from 2020 to 2022.The rainfall amount,frequency,intensity,duration,and diurnal cycle are examined through zoning evaluation.The results show that the China Meteor-ological Administration Guangdong Rapid Update Assimilation Numerical Forecast System(CMA-GD)tends to forecast a higher occurrence of light precipitation.It underestimates the late afternoon precipitation and the occurrence of short-duration events.The China Meteorological Administration Shanghai Numerical Forecast Model System(CMA-SH9)reproduces excessive precipitation at a higher frequency and intensity throughout the island.It overestimates rainfall during the late afternoon and midnight periods.The simulated most frequent peak times of rainfall in CMA-SH9 are 0-1 hour deviations from the observed data.The China Meteorological Administration Mesoscale Weather Numerical Forecasting System(CMA-MESO)displays a similar pattern to rainfall observations but fails to replicate reasonable structure and diurnal variation of frequency-intensity.It underestimates the occurrence of long-duration events and overestimates related rainfall amounts from midnight to early morning.Notably,significant discrepancies are observed in the predictions of the three models for areas with complex terrain,such as the central,southeastern,and southwestern regions of Hainan Island.

Hainan releases standards system on rural revitalization

In order to exert the fundamental,supporting and leading role of standardization in promoting the rural governance system and social development in Hainan province,and facilitate rural revitalization and high-quality development,the standards system for rural revitalization of Hainan province was released by Hainan Administration for Market Regulation,Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Hainan Province,and Bureau of Rural Revitalization of Hainan Province.

Differential expression analysis of coronary heart disease related genes in Hainan residents

Objective:To explore the correlation between coronary heart disease related genes and coronary heart disease in hospitalized patients in Hainan,and to provide theoretical basis for enriching the screening methods of high-risk groups of coronary heart disease in Hainan,and optimizing the prevention and treatment strategies.Methods:We select hospitalized patients born in Hainan and aged>30 years old from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical Unversity between January 1,2020 and June 30,2022,and divided the patients into the coronary heart disease group and the non-coronary heart disease group.PCR real-time fluorescence was used to measure gene expression,and Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between gene expression and coronary heart disease.Results:A total of 55 whole blood samples were collected from non-coronary heart disease patients(including 26 women and 29 men),with a median age of 57 years,and 170 whole blood samples from coronary heart disease patients(including 44 women and 126 men),with a median age of 63.17.Apolipoprotein B gene(ApoB)was highly expressed in patients with coronary heart disease(P<0.001);AGT gene(P=0.0158),ApoE gene(P=0.0126),FGB gene(P=0.005),GNB gene(P=0.0151),MTFHR gene(P=0.0119),SEL gene(P=0.005),TNF gene(P=0.0298)were significantly overexpressed in the non-coronary heart disease group.The expression of NOS3 gene(P=0.3047),IL6 gene(P=0.7239),ACE gene(P=0.7852)was not different between the two groups.Coronary heart disease was negatively correlated with AGT gene(r=-0.163,P=0.011,P<0.05),positively correlated with APOB gene(r=0.75,P=0,P<0.01),negatively correlated with FGB gene(r=-0.163,P=0.011,P<0.05),negatively correlated with GNB gene(r=-0.165,P=0.011,P<0.05),negatively correlated withSEL gene(r=-0.171,P=0.007,P<0.01),negatively correlated with MHTHR gene(r=-0.210,P=0.001,P<0.01)and negatively correlated with TNF gene(r=-0.131,P=0.04,P<0.05),but coronary heart disease was not correlated with APOE,NOS3,ACE,IL6 and other genes(P>0.05).The ApoB gene of coronary heart disease was negatively correlated with triglyceride(r=-0.461,P=0),positively correlated with age(r=0.173,P=0.009),positively correlated with total cholesterol(r=0.499,P=0),negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein(r=-0.181,P=0.007),and negatively correlated with low-density lipoprotein(r=-0.143,P=0.031).Conclusion:(1)The detection of apolipoprotein B gene expression may be used as an indicator for screening coronary heart disease in the coronary population in Hainan.It may increase the risk of coronary heart disease by affecting the level of total cholesterol.A larger sample of research is still needed.(2)AGT,ApoE,FGB,GNB,MTFHR,SELE,TNF and other genes may be the protective genes of non-coronary heart disease population in Hainan,and the high expression of these genes may reduce the occurrence of coronary heart disease,which still needs further study.

The Opening-up of Hainan

What will independent customs operations in Hainan bring to China and the world?The hashtag"Hainan prepares to establish independent customs"has been among the hottest ones recently.As of March 29,it had generated 330 million views on Weibo,China’s equivalent of Twitter,in one week.Establishing independent customs is part of the island province’s drive to build itself into a free trade port(FTP).

Granite thermal reservoirs in Lingshui area of Hainan Island and their significance to geothermal resources,China

Hainan Island located at the southernmost tip of the continental crust of the South China Plate,has high terrestrial heat-flow values,widely-distributed hot springs,and rich geothermal resources.Intensified researches on the origin and potentials of geothermal resources can promote Hainan Island's development into a clean energy island.To determine the geological conditions for the formation of geothermal resources in southern Hainan Island,we collected core samples of granites from the Baocheng batholith in southern Hainan Island and conducted systematic analysis in respect of petrology,geochronology,geochemistry,and petrophysical property.The results of this study are as follows.The Baocheng batholith in the southern Hainan Island has a crystallization age of 98.42±0.56 Ma,making it the product of magmatism in the early stage of the Late Cretaceous.It mainly consists of high-K calc-alkaline granites,which were intruded by intermediate-to-mafic veins.The Baocheng batholith has a high radioactive heat generation rate of 2.712-6.843μW/m^(3),with an average of 3.846μW/m^(3),a radioactive heat-flow value of 30.768 μW/m^(2)and a heat-flow contribution rate of 38.95%-43.95%.As shown by the results of their thermophysical property analysis,the granites have high thermal conductivity and can serve as highquality geothermal reservoirs.In combination with previous geological and geophysical data,the geothermal model of the Lingshui area was established in this study.The deep structure indicates the presence of high-conductivity and low-resistivity layers in the basement of the Baocheng batholith.It can be inferred thereby that asthenospheric upwelling may occur and that there exist two magma vents at depth in the batholith.Therefore,magmatic heat at depth and granites with high radioactive heat generation rate serve as the main heat sources in the Lingshui area.

Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park

Located in Hainan Province in south China,the park covers an area of 4,269 square km and is home to China’s largest rainforest,with a primitive forest covering 95.85 percent of the entire park.

海南岛地下水资源状况及其环境地质问题

【研究目的】海南既是中国最大的经济特区,又是“一带一路”倡议中的重要支点,揭示海南岛地下水资源禀赋,探究地下水资源分布特征及存在的环境地质问题,可以为海南生态保护和高质量发展提供重要支撑。【研究方法】本文以海南岛为研究区,划分评价单元,分析地下水流场特征,评价地下水资源量及水质情况,探究地下水开发利用状况,查明主要环境地质问题。【研究结果】海南岛多年平均地下水资源量约为132.05×10^(8)m^(3)/a,在行政区中,海口市的地下水资源量最大,多年均值为11.33×10^(8)m^(3)/a,昌江县的最小,多年均值为0.07×10^(8)m^(3)/a。海南岛地下水水质整体较差,水质较差区分布在滨海平原区和山前地带,超标因子主要为pH、Al、Mn。岛内存在一系列的环境地质问题,包括琼北盆地的区域性水位下降问题、三亚市海棠湾和榆林湾、东方市板桥镇等地区的海水入侵和土壤盐渍化问题、东方市、昌江县和乐东县等地区的土地沙漠化问题、矿山开采产生的地质环境问题。【结论】海南岛地下水资源量较为丰富,分布差异大,地下水水质较差,环境地质问题突出,应进一步加强水文地质与水资源调查监测工作,加快构建水资源节约集约利用新格局,推进地下水生态环境保护。

濒危植物邢氏水蕨和海南岛水蕨叶绿体序列rbcL比较及隐种分析

2021年,水蕨属(Ceratopteris)所有植物包括邢氏水蕨(C.shingii)、水蕨(C.thalictroides)和粗梗水蕨(C.pteridoides)被列为国家二级重点保护野生植物。水蕨属植物是研究植物性别决定、配子体形态建成以及遗传学、细胞生物学和生物化学等学科的模式植物之一,也是中国重要的野生水生植物种质资源。隐种(Cryptic species)问题已经成为系统分类研究、物种形成机制、生物进化和基于保护目的的种群遗传研究及保护计划共同关注的重要问题。基于叶绿体rbcL序列评价邢氏水蕨和海南岛陵水黎族自治县白水岭(BSL)、陵水黎族自治县木号镇(BJC)、海口城西镇(SPSK)等3个新发现的水蕨种群叶绿体序列rbcL的差异及系统发育关系,分析新发现尚未被评价的3个水蕨种群的隐种类型,为水蕨属不同物种和隐种的保护及利用提供科学依据。结果表明,邢氏水蕨和3个种群水蕨的rbcL序列长度为1227 bp,邢氏水蕨有2个变异位点,分别在783 bp处和1164 bp处。采用邻近法(NJ)构建了水蕨属叶绿体rbcL系统发育树。系统发育树显示BSL、BJC、SPSK等3个种群的水蕨与南方型水蕨隐种聚为同一支,表明这3个地方的水蕨隐种为南方型;而邢氏水蕨单独成一支。遗传距离分析显示BSL、BJC、SPSK种间遗传距离为0,与南方型水蕨之间遗传距离也为0;邢氏水蕨与BSL、BJC、SPSK遗传距离为0.002。结果进一步表明,海南岛的BSL、BJC、SPSK等3个种群水蕨为南方型水蕨,同时为邢氏水蕨的分类提供了佐证。不同的水蕨及隐种应该采取不同的保护策略,且邢氏水蕨应得到优先保护。保护邢氏水蕨和3个南方型水蕨种群的原生境是最有效的保护策略。

海南岛几种栽培类型椰子肉脂肪和蛋白质含量分析

为进一步了解我国主要椰子种植区海南岛本地生长的椰子肉主要营养成分情况,对海南岛不同地区几种不同栽培类型的椰子肉脂肪和蛋白质含量进行了差异性分析,比较不同类型的椰子肉脂肪含量。结果显示,香水椰子肉脂肪含量最低,且与红高、海高、赤椰、绿矮、马哇杂交种存在显著性差异;红矮类型椰子肉蛋白质含量最高,且与黄矮、绿高、香水椰子类型存在显著性差异。产于文昌的椰子肉脂肪含量最高,且与东方、万宁的存在显著性差异;产于海口的椰子肉蛋白含量最高,且与产于琼海、儋州、屯昌、文昌的存在显著性差异。海南岛椰子肉的脂肪和蛋白质含量不仅存在栽培类型间的差异,也受种植地理区域的影响。因此,对椰子肉组分及含量变化情况开展研究很有必要。

海南槟榔种苗产业现状及发展建议

近年来,伴随着槟榔产业快速发展,其种业中存在的种源混杂、良种率低、种苗市场混乱等问题日益凸显,从源头上制约了槟榔产业的健康发展。研究介绍了海南槟榔产业发展概况,分析了种苗生产管理现状和槟榔种业发展中存在的问题,并提出了针对性的发展建议,旨在为海南槟榔产业的健康发展助力。

海南自贸港创国际一流便利化营商环境制度集成创新探索

海南自贸港以创国际一流便利化营商环境为目标,不仅彰显自贸港“自由”“便利”的本质属性,而且表达了海南在中国改革开放再出发过程中的政治自觉、时代担当和高质量价值追求。文章以制度集成创新为抓手,既能使海南自贸港营商环境优化产生巨大的“集成”“协同”治理效应,又有利于快速破解海南自贸港营商环境建设中的存量与增量问题。近年来,从中央到海南先后都出台了系列制度性文本,并推出了诸多制度集成创新案例,探索成效十分显著。尽管如此,未来仍需进一步提高认知探索的多重意义、始终保持创新的接力状态、聚焦重点领域的建设清单、加强营商环境的数字赋能。

海南岛抱板杂岩记录的多期构造热事件:锆石和独居石U-Pb年代学的制约

抱板杂岩(抱板群)是海南岛目前已发现的最古老前寒武纪结晶基底,记录了多期构造热事件,是研究海南岛大地构造属性的重要窗口。本文通过对海南岛冲卒岭地区抱板杂岩变质沉积岩、变质基性岩和伟晶岩脉的锆石和独居石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,来确定抱板杂岩所经历的多期构造热事件及其所代表的构造意义。研究结果显示,抱板杂岩主要由中元古代变质沉积岩、花岗质片麻岩和变质基性岩组成,经历了中元古代晚期-新元古代早期(1.3~0.9Ga)、早古生代(470~440Ma)、三叠纪(~230Ma)等多期构造热事件的改造。中元古代晚期-新元古代早期构造热事件与罗迪尼亚超大陆的汇聚有关;早古生代构造热事件与东冈瓦纳古陆北缘的增生造山作用有关;三叠纪构造热事件是印支陆块与华南陆块碰撞拼合的远程响应。综合上述研究成果和区域对比分析,认为海南岛与印支陆块具有相似的前寒武纪结晶基底和多期构造热事件的记录,表明二者具有明显的亲缘关系。

基于生计资本的农户可持续生计研究——以滇琼天然橡胶主产区为例

运用海南和云南橡胶主产区615个种植户的调查数据,测算了农户生计资本水平,设计了生计活动多样性指数和家庭收入多元化指数,通过多元线性回归模型和中介效应模型,探讨了生计资本配置对农户可持续生计的影响机制。研究发现:1)农户生计资本积累有助于丰富农户家庭生计活动和收入来源结构,尤其是金融资本积累有助于提升农户生计活动多样性水平;不同生计资本结构对农户生计结果的影响存在地域性差异;自然资本禀赋对海南产区的收入多元化水平有显著推动作用,但在云南产区却可能存在“诅咒”效应。2)地域差异、生产决策和农户特性对可持续生计有重要影响。村庄所处的海拔高、距县城距离远对农户开展多样化生计构成挑战;割胶生产规律固化虽然可能会削弱农户其他生产经营活动,但由于其劳动力调整灵活性强,可更好地稳定家庭收入;土地细碎化具有多元化生计的效果,但不一定有收入效应;虽然贫困户身份可帮助农户获得相关政策的支持,但增强生计能力才是实现可持续生计的关键所在。3)生计资本对生计活动和家庭收入的影响存在中介效应。生计资本对生计多样性的促进作用,有52.70%是通过提高生计资本统筹能力实现的,家庭就业策略优化有助于增强生计资本对收入多元化的促进作用,中介效应达30.52%。最后,建议通过提高农户家庭生计资本统筹能力、加强生计能力建设、扩展就业信息渠道等来增强农户生计综合能力。