Dietary Macleaya cordata extract supplementation improves the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis

Background The poultry industry needs effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis(NE)caused by Clostridium perfringens.Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)on the immune function and gut microbiota of broilers with NE.A total of 2881-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of dietary MCE supplementation(0 or 350 mg/kg of diet)and two disease challenge statuses(control or NE).Results The results revealed that NE significantly increased the feed conversion rate(FCR),mortality,intestinal lesion score,the levels of IL-1β,IL-17 and IFN-γ/IL-4 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,m RNA levels of TLR2,IFN-γand p Ig R in the jejunum,and Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum.NE significantly decreased the body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG),jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA level of AMPK-α1 in jejunum,IL-4 level in the jejunal mucosa and lactic acid bacteria abundance in the cecum.MCE significantly increased BW,BWG,jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA levels of occludin,ZO-1 and AMPK-α1 in the jejunum,the levels of Ig A and Ig G in serum and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa and m RNA levels of NF-κB,IL-10 and MHC-II in the jejunum.Additionally,MCE significantly decreased the FCR,mortality,intestinal lesion score,jejunal crypt depth,the levels of IFN-γand IL-17 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum,and m RNA levels of IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunum.Moreover,NE significantly increased the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation,obesity and depression(Alistipes,Barnesiella,Intestinimonas,RF39 and UCG-005)and significantly decreased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria(Anaerotruncus,Butyricicoccus and Bacteroides)in the cecum.MCE significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria(Streptococcus,Ruminococcus_torques_group and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group)and significantly reduced the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation and obesity(Alistipes,Barnesiella and UCG-010)in the cecum.In the cecum of broilers with NE,the relative abundance of Barnesiella and Alistipes was higher and that of Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia was lower.Interestingly,these trends were reversed by the addition of MCE to the diet.Spearman correlation analysis showed that Barnesiella and Alistipes were associated with enhanced intestinal inflammation and inhibited growth performance,whereas Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia were associated with anti-inflammatory effects.Conclusions MCE ameliorated the loss of growth performance in broiler chickens with NE,probably by regulating the intestinal barrier,immune function,and gut microbiota.

Effects of Chinese Herb Extract on Performance of Local Chicken

[ Objective] The paper presents the effects of Chinese herbal extract on the performance of local chickens for its application in animal production. [Method] The herbal extract Ⅰ and Ⅱ were added to the basal diet of 10 day-old chickens at the ratio of 0.6%, respectively. Then the chickens was fasted and respectively weighed at 0, 17, 24 and 31 days old. And the feed consumption and mortality of each group were recorded to determine average weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. Economic benefit was also analyzed. [ Result] There was no significant difference in average daily gain between the test groups and the control group as well as between the two test groups （P〉0.05） ; there was signifi- cant difference in feed conversion ratio between the test groups and the control group （ P 〈0.05）, but no significant difference between the two test groups （ P 〉 0.05） ; the survival rate and the economic benefits of the test groups were significantly higher than that of control （ P 〈 0.05）. [ Conclusion ] Chinese herbal extract Ⅰ and Ⅱ should improve chicken average daily gain, feed conversion ratio and survival rate, promote growth, and signifi- cantly improve economic benefit.

Preservative Effect of Newbouldia laevis (Boundary Tree) Leaf Extract on Shelf-Life of Fresh Chicken Meat under Tropical Conditions

The shelf life of chicken meat has been rapidly reduced as a result of high environmental temperatures prevalent in the tropics which favored the activities of spoilage micro-organisms,and reactive oxygen species that function in oxidative damage.Newbouldia laevis(N.laevis)possess valuable antioxidant and antibacterial properties.However,information on the effect of aqueous extracts of dry and wet leaves of N.laevis on preservation of fresh chicken meat under tropical condition is scanty and thus,investigated.Broiler chicken meat(10kg weight)was obtained immediately after slaughter and were randomly allotted to three treatments(T1-control;T2-aqueous extract of wet leaves of N.laevis;and T3-aqueous extract of dry leaves of N.laevis)in a Randomized Complete Block Design.Tropical plant,such as Newbouldia laevis with relatively high resistance to heat stress,possesses viable bioactive compounds that can lower the growth of spoilage micro-organisms and activities of reactive oxygen species on fresh chicken meat under tropical conditions for 48 hours.Hence,poultry farmers in developing nations with fluctuating power supply can adopt the quick meat shelf life enhancement technique,while commercial poultry farmers across the globe can embark on product fortification using extracts of Newbouldia laevis.

Effects of Herba Picriae Extract on Growth Performance and Immune Organ Index of Guangxi Partridge Chickens

[Objectives]The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of dietary supplementation of Herba Picriae extract on the growth performance and immune organ index of Guangxi partridge chickens.[Methods]A total of 500 one-day-old Guangxi partridge chickens were selected and randomly divided into five groups,five replicates for each group and 20 chickens for each replicate.Groups A,B and C were treatment groups,in which 0.70%,0.35%and 0.175%of Herba Picriae extract was added to the basal diet,respectively.Group D was a positive drug control group,in which 0.01%colistin sulfate premix was supplemented.Group E was a blank control group,in which the chickens were fed the basal diet.The experimental period was 105 d.During the experiment,five chickens were randomly selected from each group on days 21,35 and 49,respectively for the measurement of immune organ index.[Results]When the chickens were fed basal diet supplemented with 0.175%of Herba Picriae extract,their daily body weight gain increased significantly from day 22 to day 35 and from day 71 to day 105 and tended to increase from day 1 to day 21,from day 36 to day 49,and from day 50 to day 70,with a range of 7.37%-8.72%.Dietary supplementation of 0.70%and 0.175%of Herba Picriae extract significantly promoted the growth and development of Fabricius bursae in the experimental chickens.[Conclusions]Dietary supplementation of 0.175%of Herba Picriae extract improved the growth performance and feed intake,as well as 21-d-old bursal index of the experimental chickens.

Effects of Dietary Picria felterrae Lour Extracts on Serum Biochemical Indexes and Immune Function of Guangxi Partridge Chickens

[Objective] This trial was to investigate the effect of dietary Picria felterrae Lour extracts on serum biochemical indexes and immune function of Guangxi Partridge chickens. [Method] Totally 500 individuals of 1-day-old Guangxi Partridge chickens were randomly divided into five groups, five replicates each group and 20 chicks each replicate. Groups A, B and C were treatment groups supplemented with 0.70%, 0.35% and0.175% P. felterrae extracts in the basal diet, respectively; group D was a medical control group supplemented with 0.01% colistin sulfate premix in the basal diet; and group E was a control group with basal diet. Serum samples were collected from 10 chickens in each group at 21, 35 and 49 days of age, to analyze the biochemical and immune indexes. [Result] It had no significant impact on serum TP and GLU contents of chickens by adding different levels of P. felterrae extracts in the basal diet（P 〉0.05）. However, at 21 and 35 days of age, the TBILI content of chickens in groups A, B and C were extremely lower or significantly lower than that in group E（ P〈0.01; P〈0.05）. At 35 days of age, the serum AKP activities in groups A, B and C were extremely higher than that in group E（P〈0.01）, and the serum GOT activities at 21 and 35 days of age in group C were significantly higher than that in group E（P〈0.05）. At 49 days of age, the serum Ig G content in groups A, B and C and the IL-2 content in group B and group C were significantly lower or extremely lower than that in group E（ P〈0.05; P〈0.01）; the T-AOC content in group B was significantly higher than that in group E（P〈0.05）; the GSH content in groups A, B and C were significantly higher than that in group E（ P〈0.05）. Adding different levels of P. felterrae extracts in the diet significantly decreased the TBILI content, reduced the Ig G, IL-2 and IL-6 contents, and improved the AKP and GOT activities and the T-AOC and GSH contents of Guangxi Partridge chicken. [Conclusion] Adding 0.35% P. felterrae extracts in the basal diet received the best effort.

Effect of Additional Feed Supplement Fermentation Shrimp Waste Extract on Digestibility in Sentul Chicken Growth Phase

This study aims to determine the effect of adding feed supplements of fermented shrimp waste extract in the ration on the digestibility of local chicken rations in the growth phase.The research was carried out in Jatinangor District as well as the Laboratory of Ruminant Animal Nutrition and Animal Feed Chemistry,Faculty of Animal Husbandry,Padjadjaran University,Sumedang.The method used in this study was experimental with a Complete Randomized Design(RAL).The data were analyzed by fingerprint test(ANOVA)with further tests using the Dunnet test.The object of this study consisted of 20 Sentul chickens raised from the age of 1 day to 12 weeks,divided into 5 treatments and 4 tests.The treatment consists of P0=Basal ration without the addition of feed supplement fermented shrimp waste extract,P1=Basal ration+0.5%feed supplement fermented shrimp waste extract,P2=Basal ration+1.0%feed supplement fermented shrimp waste extract,P3=Basal ration+1.5%feed supplement fermented shrimp waste extract,and P4=Basal ration+2.0%feed supplement fermented shrimp waste extract.The changes observed are the digestibility of dry matter,the digestibility of organic matter,and the digestibility of proteins.The results showed that the addition of feed supplements for fermented shrimp waste extract had a significantly different influence on the digestibility of dry matter,the digestibility of organic matter,and the digestibility of protein.This study concludes that the addition of a feed supplement of 2%fermented shrimp waste extract in the ration can produce a high ration digestibility value for Sentul chicken in the growth phase.

不同提取工艺对鸡油理化性质与挥发性风味物质的影响

为了探究不同提取工艺对鸡油理化性质与挥发性风味物质的影响。本研究分别采用干法、湿法和微波熬制三种工艺提取鸡油,并对不同工艺提取鸡油的理化性质进行综合比较,同时采用顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定其挥发性风味物质构成,结合相对气味活度值、主成分分析和聚类分析明确不同提取工艺鸡油中的关键挥发性风味成分组成差异。结果表明,干法熬制的鸡油亮度最低,颜色更红、更黄,丙二醛含量较低;湿法熬制的鸡油亮度最高,颜色偏绿、偏黄,酸价较低;微波熬制的鸡油亮度稍暗,黄色和红色较浅,提取率较高,氧化稳定性较好且熬制时间短。不同提取工艺鸡油样品中共鉴定出49种挥发性风味物质,其中干法、湿法和微波法三种不同工艺所提取的鸡油中挥发性风味物质分别有39种、41种和44种,共有挥发性风味物质30种。结合ROAV和PCA,确定了(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、己醛、(E)-2-癸烯醛、1-戊醇、辛醛、(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、3-甲基丁醛为鸡油的主要特征风味物质。微波法提取鸡油的特征性风味物质含量较高且种类较多。本研究表明微波工艺相对而言具有耗时短、得率高、氧化稳定好以及鸡油特征性风味物质含量较高且种类多等优点,是一种值得深入研究与探索的鸡油提取工艺。

鸡油的加工技术及开发利用研究进展

我国是肉鸡生产大国,肉鸡屠宰加工过程中将产生大量的油脂原料,如何对此进行高值化的利用成为重要的研究课题。文章综述了近年来有关鸡油的化学组成、提制方法、精炼、增香和开发应用等方面内容,目的是为鸡油的加工利用提供参考,对鸡油的研究方向进行展望。

黄芩提取物对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官指数的影响

文章旨在研究黄芩提取物(Scutellaria Baicalensis Extract,SBE)对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官指数的影响。试验将400只1日龄黄羽肉鸡随机分为4组,参考《黄羽肉鸡营养需求量》(NY/T 3645-2020)饲喂基础日粮,每组4个重复,每个重复25只。各组自由采食和饮水。其中CON组提供清水,其余3组分别在饮水中添加100 mg/L(100 SBE组)、200 mg/L(200 SBE组)、300 mg/L(300 SBE组)的黄芩提取物。试验为期28 d。结果:(1)与CON组相比,200 SBE组、300 SBE组肉鸡末重显著提高7.82%、7.15%(P<0.05),平均日增重显著提高8.50%、7.76%(P<0.05),料重比显著降低8.08%、7.07%(P<0.05)。(2)与CON组相比,100 SBE组、200 SBE组、300 SBE组肉鸡血清T-AOC显著提高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),且SOD活性极显著提高(P<0.01)。(3)与CON组相比,100 SBE组、200 SBE组、300 SBE组肉鸡法氏囊指数显著提高(P<0.05),300 SBE组肉鸡脾脏指数显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:日常饮水中加入黄芩提取物能提高肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官指数。综合考虑经济效益和耐受性,黄芩提取物的适宜添加水平为200 mg/L。

日粮中添加油茶苗提取物对肉鸡生长性能及生理参数的影响

文章旨在探究在日粮中添加油茶苗提取物对肉鸡生长性能与生理参数的影响,试验将600只1日龄AA肉仔鸡随机分成4个处理组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只;对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1、2、3组分别在基础日粮中添加200、400及800 mg/kg的油茶苗提取物。本次试验从1日龄开始直至49日龄结束。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,各处理组肉鸡的平均日采食量均呈增高趋势,但差异不显著(P> 0.05);各处理组肉鸡试验末体重及平均日增重数据皆随油茶苗提取物添加量的增多呈先增高后降低的趋势,其中处理1、2组肉鸡试验末体重与平均日增重皆显著高于其他两组(P <0.05);与对照组相比,处理1、2、3组料重比分别显著降低0.02、0.03、0.01(P <0.05),其中处理2组料重比最低。与对照组相比,日粮添加油茶苗提取物对肉鸡生理参数的血液指标有显著影响(P <0.05),各处理组血红蛋白及红细胞比容明显更高,且血清葡萄糖含量明显降低。各处理组肉鸡血红蛋白及红细胞比容皆随油茶苗提取物添加量的增多呈先增高后降低的趋势,同时血清葡萄糖含量皆随油茶苗提取物添加量的增多呈先降低后增高的趋势,其中处理2组肉鸡血红蛋白及红细胞比容显著高于其他三组,血清葡萄糖含量显著低于其他三组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,日粮添加油茶苗提取物能确切改善肉鸡的生长性能及生理参数,添加量为400 mg/kg的效果最好。

牛至提取物对肉雏鸡生产性能及其免疫功能的影响试验研究

为研究牛至提取物对肉鸡生产性能及其免疫功能的影响效果。该试验选用210只商品代雏鸡,随机分成3组,A组为空白对照组,B组(30 mg/kg)为中剂量组,C组(60 mg/kg)为高剂量组,4个重复,每个重复10只鸡,用作生产性能测定;另2个重复,每个重复15只鸡,用于不同日龄试验雏鸡免疫器官绝对重量及其指数的研究。结果表明,试验B组、C组促生长率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),B组雏鸡促生长率较高,相反C组促生长率低于B组。B组、C组在3段日龄中分别提高增重11%和6.7%,说明促生长率随日粮添加水平的提高而降低。进一步说明在肉雏鸡日粮中添加牛至提取物可以促进肉雏鸡的生长率,当牛至提取物添加水平为30 mg/kg时,对肉雏鸡的促生长率效果最为显著。为牛至提取物在肉鸡生产上的应用提供理论依据。

博落回提取物对脂多糖刺激的肉仔鸡抗氧化功能、免疫功能及肠道紧密连接蛋白表达的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加博落回提取物对脂多糖(LPS)刺激的肉仔鸡血浆抗氧化功能、免疫功能和肠道紧密连接蛋白基因表达量的影响。选用1日龄雄性AA肉仔鸡256只,采用2×2双因素试验设计,主因子分别为博落回添加水平(0、400 mg/kg)和免疫处理(注射生理盐水或LPS)。每个处理8个重复,每个重复8只鸡,试验期为21 d。结果显示:(1)LPS刺激使血浆总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著降低(P<0.05);而饲粮添加博落回提取物可显著提高血浆中GSH-Px和T-SOD的活性(P<0.05)。(2)博落回提取物可显著提高血浆中免疫球蛋白IgG水平,降低血浆中诱导性一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性(P<0.05)。(3)LPS刺激显著降低空肠紧密连接蛋白Occludin、ZO-1和ZO-2的mRNA表达量(P<0.05);而博落回提取物添加显著提高Claudin-3、Occludin和ZO-2的mRNA表达量(P<0.05)。综上,日粮添加400 mg/kg博落回提取物能够提高LPS刺激下肉仔鸡的抗氧化功能、免疫功能以及肠道屏障功能。

桑叶提取物-壳聚糖可食性涂膜对静宁烧鸡保鲜效果的研究

为延长静宁烧鸡的货架期,该试验以桑叶提取物为活性物质,壳聚糖为成膜基质,制备了复合涂膜,分别采用桑叶提取物添加量为0.3%、0.5%、0.7%(质量分数)的涂膜对静宁烧鸡进行处理,4℃贮藏,在0、3、6、9、12、15 d测定pH、挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARS)、菌落总数,并作感官评价。结果表明,0.3%、0.5%、0.7%的桑叶提取物涂膜都能够有效地延缓静宁烧鸡品质劣变,其中桑叶提取物添加量为0.7%的涂膜的保鲜效果最佳。与对照组相比,在贮藏15 d时,0.3%、0.5%、0.7%的涂膜处理组分别将静宁烧鸡中的pH值降低了2.26%、3.08%、3.57%,TBARS值降低了11.21%、20.56%、34.58%,TVB-N值降低了7.59%、12.00%、25.59%,感官评分有显著提高(P<0.05),菌落总数在第12天时未超过国标规定。若结合国标中规定的菌落总数和TVB-N这2种指标作为评价静宁烧鸡保质期的标准,则桑叶提取物-壳聚糖涂膜可有效延长静宁烧鸡保质期2~3 d。由此可见,桑叶提取物-壳聚糖涂膜可有效延长静宁烧鸡的保质期,该研究可为静宁烧鸡保鲜提供理论支持。

山花黄芩提取物对LPS刺激肉鸡肠道形态、抗氧化及免疫功能的影响

为研究山花黄芩提取物(CAB)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激的肉鸡肠道形态、抗氧化及免疫功能的影响,试验将240只1日龄的爱拔益加(AA)肉雏鸡(雄性)随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只鸡,试验为期21 d。分组如下:(1)对照组:饲喂基础日粮;(2)LPS处理组:饲喂基础日粮,并进行LPS注射;(3)LPS+CAB处理组:饲喂添加500 mg/kg CAB的基础饲粮,并进行LPS注射。于试验结束时,LPS处理组和LPS+CAB处理组的肉鸡进行腹腔注射LPS(1 mg/kg BW),对照组注射等量生理盐水,3 h后采样分析。结果显示:与对照组相比,LPS处理组血液中IgG、IgA的含量分别极显著提升了11.93%、20.47%(P<0.01);与LPS处理组相比,LPS+CAB处理组血液中IgA的含量极显著提升了10.64%(P<0.01);与对照组相比,LPS处理组脾脏中IL-1β、IL-10、IL-17、TNF-α的含量分别极显著提升了112.29%、79.12%、86.88%、181.13%(P<0.01);与LPS处理组相比,LPS+CAB处理组脾脏中IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、TGF-β的含量分别极显著提升了43.84%、79.61%、100.88%、74.60%(P<0.01),LPS+CAB处理组脾脏中IFN-γ、IL-1β的含量分别极显著降低了43.56%、20.77%(P<0.01);与对照组相比,LPS处理组血液中丙二醛(MDA)的含量显著提升了43.68%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,LPS处理组回肠绒毛高度显著降低了25.43%(P<0.05);与LPS处理组相比,LPS+CAB处理组回肠绒毛高度显著提升了15.90%(P<0.05)。综上所述,LPS刺激引起肉鸡氧化应激及免疫功能受损,在日粮中添加CAB可在一定程度上缓解因LPS刺激对肉鸡抗氧化与免疫功能造成的负面影响。

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定鸡粪中37种抗菌药物的含量

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定鸡粪中37种抗菌药物含量的方法。鸡粪经冻干制备,80%乙腈(含0.1%甲酸)提取,Oasis PRiME HLB通过式固相萃取净化后,利用UPLC-MS/MS测定抗菌药物含量。结果表明,37种抗菌药物浓度在0.40~200.0ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R^(2))大于0.996,检出限(LOD)为1μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为4μg/kg。37种抗菌药物在3个浓度添加标水平(LOQ、5倍LOQ、10倍LOQ)下的回收率为63.5%~104.2%,批内相对标准偏差为1.47%~10.5%,批间相对标准偏差为2.39%~14.2%。所建立方法准确、快速、灵敏、稳定,可实现鸡粪中37种抗菌药物的同时快速测定。

三种多酚类物质协同L-精氨酸对冷藏鸡肉糜氧化稳定性和品质的影响

为探讨苹果多酚(Apple polyphenols,Ap)、葡萄籽提取物(Grape seed extraction,GSE)和茶多酚(Tea polyphenols,Tp)分别协同L-精氨酸(L-arginine,L-Arg)对冷藏鸡肉糜氧化稳定性和品质特性的影响,在肉糜中添加5 g/kg L-Arg,再分别加入0.2 g/kg的Ap、GSE、Tp,以添加0.2 g/kg丁基羟基茴香醚(Butylated hydroxy anisole,BHA)作为阳性对照,分别在冷藏1、3、5、7 d时测定各组鸡肉糜硫代巴比妥酸(Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARS)值、总巯基含量、羰基含量、表面疏水性、pH、蒸煮损失率和色度值。结果表明,与空白(不添加多酚类物质、L-精氨酸及BHA)和BHA相比,L-Arg+Tp可以更好地抑制鸡肉糜的TBARS、羰基含量、pH和表面疏水性的升高,减缓总巯基含量和红度值的降低。L-Arg+Ap和L-Arg+GSE与BHA的抗氧化作用相近。综上所述,在冷藏过程中L-Arg协同3种多酚类物质均可以抑制鸡肉糜的脂肪和蛋白质氧化,改善其品质特性,其中L-Arg+Tp的效果最好。

植物粗提物和苯甲酸对广西灵山土鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究植物粗提物和苯甲酸对广西灵山土鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和经济效益的影响。选取78日龄体况正常、体重相近的广西灵山土鸡360羽,随机分为3组,分别为对照组(CON组)、植物粗提物组(PCE组)、苯甲酸组(BA组),每组设6个重复,每个重复20羽,CON组饲喂基础饲粮,PCE组饲喂基础饲粮+2000 mg/kg植物粗提物,BA组饲喂基础饲粮+1500 mg/kg苯甲酸。试验期42 d。结果显示:①与对照组相比,PCE组的平均日采食量显著提高(P<0.05),BA组的平均日采食量、平均日增重有提高趋势,料重比有降低趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。②与对照组相比,PCE组和BA组的屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率均有提高趋势,腹脂率有降低趋势,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。③与对照组相比,PCE组和BA组胸肌和腿肌剪切力显著降低(P<0.05),肉色和系水力显著提高(P<0.05)。④与对照组相比,PCE组和BA组养殖利润分别增加了10.93%、18.45%。综上所述,饲粮中添加2000 mg/kg植物粗提物和1500 mg/kg苯甲酸饲喂广西灵山土鸡,对生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质的改善和经济效益的提升有着积极作用,且植物粗提物在广西灵山土鸡生产上的应用效果相对优于苯甲酸。

鹧鸪茶提取物-沙蒿胶复合膜的制备及其在熟鸡肉保鲜中的应用

利用热水提取的鹧鸪茶提取物(Partridge Tea Extract,PTE)与沙蒿胶(Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch Gum,ASKG)溶液共混制备ASKG-PTE复合膜,用于熟鸡肉的包装以延长货架期。分别采用扫描电镜、红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪等对膜的微观形貌、成分之间的相互作用及组织结构进行分析,并测定膜的色度、雾度、力学性能、阻隔性能和抗氧化活性,探讨PTE添加量对复合膜结构和不同性能的影响。结果表明,PTE的加入削弱了ASKG分子间相互作用,改善了膜的柔韧性、紫外屏蔽性和抗氧化活性;与ASKG膜相比,当PTE含量为2.5%时,复合膜的拉伸强度为6.65 MPa,断裂伸长率为76.80%,水蒸气透过率为1.80×10^(-10)g/(m·s·Pa);在稀释100倍的情况下,膜的DPPH自由基清除率仍提高了647.99%。利用膜将熟鸡肉热封包装,在4℃贮藏3、6和9 d后进行测试,发现PTE的添加有效抑制了包装的鸡肉的TBARS值的上升,延缓脂质氧化。因此,ASKG-PTE复合膜在肉制品的保鲜包装方面具有一定的应用潜力。

黄连须根提取物和益生菌对三黄鸡生长性能、免疫功能、肠道形态及盲肠菌群的影响

【目的】研究饲粮中添加黄连须根提取物和益生菌对三黄鸡的生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫器官指数、肠道组织形态及盲肠微生物区系的影响,有助于指导畜禽的科学养殖。【方法】以三黄鸡为试验对象,设置4个处理,试验组A为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;试验组B、C、D分别在基础日粮中添加4%黄连须根提取物+100 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌+100 mg/kg植物乳杆菌、8%黄连须根提取物+100 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌+100 mg/kg植物乳杆菌、12%黄连须根提取物+100 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌+100 mg/kg植物乳杆菌,测定比较其生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫器官指数、肠道组织形态及盲肠微生物区系的差异。【结果】饲粮中添加4%~12%黄连须根提取物+益生菌后显著增加三黄鸡的平均日增重,显著降低料重比(P<0.05,下同),显著降低血清中AST、TG、LDL-C含量,显著提高三黄鸡的胸腺指数、脾脏指数和法氏囊指数,显著提高三黄鸡十二指肠的绒毛高度。添加8%~12%黄连须根提取物+益生菌组合显著提升三黄鸡十二指肠和回肠的绒隐比,且显著提高三黄鸡盲肠菌群的Observed_species和Chao1丰富度指数,显著提高Shannon、Simpson多样性指数。添加4%~12%黄连须根提取物+益生菌组合的三黄鸡盲肠菌群中有害菌群Actinobacteria、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)的相对丰度显著降低,益生菌群瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)、粪球菌属(Coprococcus)和颤螺菌属(Oscillospira)的相对丰度显著升高。【结论】饲粮中添加黄连须根提取物和益生菌,能提高三黄鸡的生长性能,增加平均日增重,降低料重比,提高脂代谢水平和肝脏健康状况,促进免疫器官和肠道形态发育,促进了肠道中益生菌的繁殖,抑制了有害菌的增殖,丰富盲肠微生物区系,更好地保持三黄鸡健康。

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测鸡组织及鸡蛋中新型兽药氟雷拉纳残留

基于高效液相色谱-串联质谱法建立鸡组织(鸡肉、鸡肝、鸡皮和鸡肾)及鸡蛋中新型兽药氟雷拉纳残留的检测方法。将低(0.10 mg/kg)、中(0.25 mg/kg)、高(0.50 mg/kg)剂量氟雷拉纳分2次灌胃(间隔7 d)白羽母鸡后获得阳性动物样品。样品经乙腈提取、PRiME HLB固相萃取小柱净化后,以甲醇和5 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液为流动相,Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱为分离柱进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾负离子模式电离,在多反应监测模式下检测,绘制基质匹配校准曲线,外标法定量。结果表明:氟雷拉纳在0~200 ng/mL质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(R^(2))>0.99,方法检出限为2.0μg/kg,定量限为5.0μg/kg;在5、15、50μg/kg加标水平下,鸡组织(鸡肉、鸡肝、鸡皮、鸡肾)和鸡蛋中氟雷拉纳的平均加标回收率为81.2%~99.1%,相对标准偏差为1.29%~7.86%(n=6)。该方法成功应用于阳性动物样品中氟雷拉纳残留量的检测。综上,该方法简便、快速、灵敏,适用于鸡组织及鸡蛋中氟雷拉纳兽药残留的检测。