Background: Elbow dislocations in pediatric patients are rare injuries. This is a therapeutic emergency because a delay in treatment can have disastrous consequences on the functional level of the upper limb. Objectiv...Background: Elbow dislocations in pediatric patients are rare injuries. This is a therapeutic emergency because a delay in treatment can have disastrous consequences on the functional level of the upper limb. Objective: To present the management of elbow dislocation in children in cases of limited resources. Presentation of the Cases: These were 2 older male children aged 7 and 9 years old, admitted to the emergency room for painful functional impotence of the right elbow after a fall and landing on the right hand. Clinical and radiological examinations were in favor of posterior elbow dislocations. The reductions were carried out under sedation and immobilization in Jersey. According to Robert’s criteria, the functional result was excellent in both patients. Conclusion: Emergency reduction and immobilization whatever the means ensure an excellent functional prognosis even in cases of limited resources.展开更多
Social cognition difficulties are well documented in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This clinical case study reports on social cognition assessment and treatment of a gifted child, SC (9 years), with AS...Social cognition difficulties are well documented in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This clinical case study reports on social cognition assessment and treatment of a gifted child, SC (9 years), with ASD and an extraordinarily high verbal IQ (146). The assessment of theory of mind, emotion recognition and pragmatic abilities showed some weaknesses in these areas. The 4-month treatment was divided into 14 sessions and was aimed at helping SC to improve his abilities to recognize emotions and comprehend mental states. The main technique used in the intervention was “social reading” with video clips. The initial assessment was repeated after the treatment and in a follow up session. The results of this case study suggest that “social reading” can be considered as a beneficial technique for children with high-functioning ASD, and especially in giftedness conditions.展开更多
Child health care factors such as medical treatment of sick children have direct and indirect effect on childhood mortality. Through international cooperation, a number of countries including Kenya have gathered infor...Child health care factors such as medical treatment of sick children have direct and indirect effect on childhood mortality. Through international cooperation, a number of countries including Kenya have gathered information on provision of child health services at facility level from periodic Service Provision Assessment (SPA) surveys. Kenya has also gathered information on medical treatment of sick children at household level from periodic Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). However, establishing how health care information in the SPA surveys relates to childhood mortality and also how these factors relate to medical treatment of sick children in the DHS has been constrained by differences in sample designs of the surveys. This study deployed a fstrategy of constructing community level variables derived from the SPA survey data and incorporated them into DHS data which served as the main data source. The SPA and DHS sampling designs for Kenya allow computation of stable estimates of regional demographic and health service indicators at provincial level. This study analyzed information gathered from 690 health facilities in 2010 SPA and 6079 births born less than 60 months from 2008/09 DHS. The study found that access to child health services, waiting time before service in facility and time to the nearest referral facility were significant facilitating factors for medical treatment of sick children. The study also established that waiting time before service in facility was the only access to health care factor which had a significant effect on childhood mortality when HIV prevalence was excluded in the analysis. However, the significance of waiting time before service diminished with inclusion of HIV prevalence. Further research is required to refine definition and measurement for child health care variable on female autonomy.展开更多
This review mainly compares the major treatment approaches to child phonological disorder,namely,Core Vocabulary Approach for the treatment of inconsistent phonological disorder,Distinctive Features Approach and ABAB-...This review mainly compares the major treatment approaches to child phonological disorder,namely,Core Vocabulary Approach for the treatment of inconsistent phonological disorder,Distinctive Features Approach and ABAB-Withdrawal Approach for the treatment of consistent phonological disorder,and Eclectic Approach for real clinical treatment.Different approaches have different efficacy and the application of a certain treatment approach depends on the various conditions of the subjects.展开更多
Objective Arachnoid cysts are non-arachnoid fluid collections that accout for about 1% of all intracranial space-occupying lessions. So far,the optimal method of treatment for symptomatic arachnoid cysts remains contr...Objective Arachnoid cysts are non-arachnoid fluid collections that accout for about 1% of all intracranial space-occupying lessions. So far,the optimal method of treatment for symptomatic arachnoid cysts remains controversial. In this article,we want to find an ideal technique展开更多
This report presents a case study of sandplay therapy for a 3-year-11-month-old child with post-traumatic stress disorder. The child had experienced a distressing traumatic event and exhibited symptoms of anxiety, fea...This report presents a case study of sandplay therapy for a 3-year-11-month-old child with post-traumatic stress disorder. The child had experienced a distressing traumatic event and exhibited symptoms of anxiety, fear, and traumatic reenactment. Sandplay therapy, as a therapeutic modality, was utilized to provide a safe environment for the child to express and process their inner experiences. The case report provides a detailed account of the child’s presentation, treatment goals, therapeutic strategies, and treatment outcomes. Through sandplay therapy, the child achieved emotional release, resolution of internal conflicts, and a reframing of the traumatic event. Ultimately, a significant reduction in symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder was observed, along with improved functioning and psychological well-being.展开更多
The elimination of vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child is a major global goal. In Senegal, the transmission rate was estimated at 3.2% in 2017. To reduce or even eliminate this transmission, Senegal has ...The elimination of vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child is a major global goal. In Senegal, the transmission rate was estimated at 3.2% in 2017. To reduce or even eliminate this transmission, Senegal has implemented various strategies and programs adopted and applied nationally. Thus access to services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV has been extended to the level of the health post (the lowest level of the country’s health pyramid) with a delegation of tasks to paramedical staff (nurse, midwife) in the diagnosis and therapeutic management. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)-positive mothers, to assess the care of children born to HIV-positive mothers, to determine the rate of HIV transmission from mother to child. Patients and Method: We carried out a retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study of all live newborns of HIV-positive mothers who gave birth at the Gaspard Kamara Health Center (a level 2 health center in Dakar, Senegal) between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018. The data were collected from prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) prenatal follow-up registers and files, delivery files and registers, and neonatology and pediatric follow-up files, and exploited using the Epi info 7 software. Results: There were 98 children of seropositive mothers. The epidemiological profile of the HIV-positive woman was that of a young woman aged between 16 and 43 with an average of 31.31 years, pauciparous (>65% of cases) from Dakar center (>75% of cases), housewife with a low socio-economic level (63.1% of cases), married in almost all cases, with HIV profile (in almost all cases) and diagnosed before pregnancy (51.02%). The analysis of the children’s data revealed a predominance of girls (52.04%) with a good birth weight (2964g on average) and a pregnancy carried to term in more than 95% of cases. ARV prophylaxis was almost entirely respected with triple therapy (AZT + 3TC + NVP) in a fixed combination as protocol. Protected breastfeeding (80.21%), including 6 months of exclusive protected breastfeeding, was the rule for the mode of feeding. Three children were diagnosed positive with PCR1 as with serology (3.06%). Discussion and Conclusion: the initiatives and strategies put in place in Senegal have enabled a significant reduction in mother-to-child transmission of HIV and deserve to be supported by insisting on primary prevention, programming and good follow-up of pregnancies, and a good support for HIV-positive women.展开更多
目的探讨多灶性肝母细胞瘤(hepatoblastoma,HB)手术切除治疗的可行性及有效性。方法本研究为回顾性研究,以2014年4月至2022年12月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院肿瘤外科收治的21例多灶性HB患儿为研究对象,收集患儿临床特征、手术方式及...目的探讨多灶性肝母细胞瘤(hepatoblastoma,HB)手术切除治疗的可行性及有效性。方法本研究为回顾性研究,以2014年4月至2022年12月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院肿瘤外科收治的21例多灶性HB患儿为研究对象,收集患儿临床特征、手术方式及远期预后等资料,并与同期收治的58例中高危单灶性HB患儿进行疗效对比。结果21例多灶性HB患儿中,11例为2个瘤灶,4例为3个瘤灶,1例为5个瘤灶,5例肝内瘤灶超过5个且无法明确计数。21例均接受肿瘤切除手术,其中9例行解剖性肝切除术,11例行不规则肝切除或瘤灶剜除术,1例行联合肝脏离断及门静脉结扎的分次肝切除术(associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy,ALPPS)。20例为R0切除,1例为R1切除,术后无一例发生严重并发症。本组多灶性HB患儿接受手术联合化疗的多学科综合治疗后,中位随访时间57个月,18例患儿无瘤生存,3例死亡。本组多灶性HB患儿3年无事件生存率(event-free survival,EFS)为57.58%,3年总生存率(overall survival,OS)为82.00%,局部进展累积发生率(cumulative incidence of local progression,CILP)为38.00%。同期收治的单灶性中高危HB患儿上述指标分别为91.84%、74.96%、20.04%。两组数据对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论多灶性HB经规范外科手术切除辅助术前、术后化疗,可以获得较为满意的预后。展开更多
目的观察采用局部皮瓣修复儿童面部色素痣切除后组织缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院烧伤整形外科2018年1月至2022年1月收治的246例采用局部皮瓣修复的儿童面部色素痣切除后组织缺损患儿临床资料,总结患儿临...目的观察采用局部皮瓣修复儿童面部色素痣切除后组织缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院烧伤整形外科2018年1月至2022年1月收治的246例采用局部皮瓣修复的儿童面部色素痣切除后组织缺损患儿临床资料,总结患儿临床特征、病变位置及大小、皮瓣设计要点及术后外观改善情况。结果246例均皮瓣成活,切口均一期愈合;术后随访9个月至3年,无一例明显瘢痕增生或正常组织牵拉致外观畸形发生,外观改善均满意;246例瘢痕美容评估与评级量表(scar cosmesis assessment and rating,SCAR)评分(3.49±1.58)分,其中62例(62/246,25.2%)评分0~2分,为十分满意;138例(138/246,56.1%)评分3~4分,为比较满意;35例(35/246,14.2%)评分5~7分,为相对满意;11例(11/246,4.5%)评分>7分,为不满意;手术效果总体评分满意率为95.5%(235/246)。结论根据不同的面部美容分区选择合适的局部皮瓣来修复色素痣切除后的皮肤缺损,具有皮瓣成活佳、可避免局部组织牵拉、后期瘢痕不明显等优点,可获得良好的美容效果。展开更多
文摘Background: Elbow dislocations in pediatric patients are rare injuries. This is a therapeutic emergency because a delay in treatment can have disastrous consequences on the functional level of the upper limb. Objective: To present the management of elbow dislocation in children in cases of limited resources. Presentation of the Cases: These were 2 older male children aged 7 and 9 years old, admitted to the emergency room for painful functional impotence of the right elbow after a fall and landing on the right hand. Clinical and radiological examinations were in favor of posterior elbow dislocations. The reductions were carried out under sedation and immobilization in Jersey. According to Robert’s criteria, the functional result was excellent in both patients. Conclusion: Emergency reduction and immobilization whatever the means ensure an excellent functional prognosis even in cases of limited resources.
文摘Social cognition difficulties are well documented in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This clinical case study reports on social cognition assessment and treatment of a gifted child, SC (9 years), with ASD and an extraordinarily high verbal IQ (146). The assessment of theory of mind, emotion recognition and pragmatic abilities showed some weaknesses in these areas. The 4-month treatment was divided into 14 sessions and was aimed at helping SC to improve his abilities to recognize emotions and comprehend mental states. The main technique used in the intervention was “social reading” with video clips. The initial assessment was repeated after the treatment and in a follow up session. The results of this case study suggest that “social reading” can be considered as a beneficial technique for children with high-functioning ASD, and especially in giftedness conditions.
文摘Child health care factors such as medical treatment of sick children have direct and indirect effect on childhood mortality. Through international cooperation, a number of countries including Kenya have gathered information on provision of child health services at facility level from periodic Service Provision Assessment (SPA) surveys. Kenya has also gathered information on medical treatment of sick children at household level from periodic Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). However, establishing how health care information in the SPA surveys relates to childhood mortality and also how these factors relate to medical treatment of sick children in the DHS has been constrained by differences in sample designs of the surveys. This study deployed a fstrategy of constructing community level variables derived from the SPA survey data and incorporated them into DHS data which served as the main data source. The SPA and DHS sampling designs for Kenya allow computation of stable estimates of regional demographic and health service indicators at provincial level. This study analyzed information gathered from 690 health facilities in 2010 SPA and 6079 births born less than 60 months from 2008/09 DHS. The study found that access to child health services, waiting time before service in facility and time to the nearest referral facility were significant facilitating factors for medical treatment of sick children. The study also established that waiting time before service in facility was the only access to health care factor which had a significant effect on childhood mortality when HIV prevalence was excluded in the analysis. However, the significance of waiting time before service diminished with inclusion of HIV prevalence. Further research is required to refine definition and measurement for child health care variable on female autonomy.
文摘This review mainly compares the major treatment approaches to child phonological disorder,namely,Core Vocabulary Approach for the treatment of inconsistent phonological disorder,Distinctive Features Approach and ABAB-Withdrawal Approach for the treatment of consistent phonological disorder,and Eclectic Approach for real clinical treatment.Different approaches have different efficacy and the application of a certain treatment approach depends on the various conditions of the subjects.
文摘Objective Arachnoid cysts are non-arachnoid fluid collections that accout for about 1% of all intracranial space-occupying lessions. So far,the optimal method of treatment for symptomatic arachnoid cysts remains controversial. In this article,we want to find an ideal technique
文摘This report presents a case study of sandplay therapy for a 3-year-11-month-old child with post-traumatic stress disorder. The child had experienced a distressing traumatic event and exhibited symptoms of anxiety, fear, and traumatic reenactment. Sandplay therapy, as a therapeutic modality, was utilized to provide a safe environment for the child to express and process their inner experiences. The case report provides a detailed account of the child’s presentation, treatment goals, therapeutic strategies, and treatment outcomes. Through sandplay therapy, the child achieved emotional release, resolution of internal conflicts, and a reframing of the traumatic event. Ultimately, a significant reduction in symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder was observed, along with improved functioning and psychological well-being.
文摘The elimination of vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child is a major global goal. In Senegal, the transmission rate was estimated at 3.2% in 2017. To reduce or even eliminate this transmission, Senegal has implemented various strategies and programs adopted and applied nationally. Thus access to services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV has been extended to the level of the health post (the lowest level of the country’s health pyramid) with a delegation of tasks to paramedical staff (nurse, midwife) in the diagnosis and therapeutic management. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)-positive mothers, to assess the care of children born to HIV-positive mothers, to determine the rate of HIV transmission from mother to child. Patients and Method: We carried out a retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study of all live newborns of HIV-positive mothers who gave birth at the Gaspard Kamara Health Center (a level 2 health center in Dakar, Senegal) between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018. The data were collected from prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) prenatal follow-up registers and files, delivery files and registers, and neonatology and pediatric follow-up files, and exploited using the Epi info 7 software. Results: There were 98 children of seropositive mothers. The epidemiological profile of the HIV-positive woman was that of a young woman aged between 16 and 43 with an average of 31.31 years, pauciparous (>65% of cases) from Dakar center (>75% of cases), housewife with a low socio-economic level (63.1% of cases), married in almost all cases, with HIV profile (in almost all cases) and diagnosed before pregnancy (51.02%). The analysis of the children’s data revealed a predominance of girls (52.04%) with a good birth weight (2964g on average) and a pregnancy carried to term in more than 95% of cases. ARV prophylaxis was almost entirely respected with triple therapy (AZT + 3TC + NVP) in a fixed combination as protocol. Protected breastfeeding (80.21%), including 6 months of exclusive protected breastfeeding, was the rule for the mode of feeding. Three children were diagnosed positive with PCR1 as with serology (3.06%). Discussion and Conclusion: the initiatives and strategies put in place in Senegal have enabled a significant reduction in mother-to-child transmission of HIV and deserve to be supported by insisting on primary prevention, programming and good follow-up of pregnancies, and a good support for HIV-positive women.
文摘目的探讨多灶性肝母细胞瘤(hepatoblastoma,HB)手术切除治疗的可行性及有效性。方法本研究为回顾性研究,以2014年4月至2022年12月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院肿瘤外科收治的21例多灶性HB患儿为研究对象,收集患儿临床特征、手术方式及远期预后等资料,并与同期收治的58例中高危单灶性HB患儿进行疗效对比。结果21例多灶性HB患儿中,11例为2个瘤灶,4例为3个瘤灶,1例为5个瘤灶,5例肝内瘤灶超过5个且无法明确计数。21例均接受肿瘤切除手术,其中9例行解剖性肝切除术,11例行不规则肝切除或瘤灶剜除术,1例行联合肝脏离断及门静脉结扎的分次肝切除术(associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy,ALPPS)。20例为R0切除,1例为R1切除,术后无一例发生严重并发症。本组多灶性HB患儿接受手术联合化疗的多学科综合治疗后,中位随访时间57个月,18例患儿无瘤生存,3例死亡。本组多灶性HB患儿3年无事件生存率(event-free survival,EFS)为57.58%,3年总生存率(overall survival,OS)为82.00%,局部进展累积发生率(cumulative incidence of local progression,CILP)为38.00%。同期收治的单灶性中高危HB患儿上述指标分别为91.84%、74.96%、20.04%。两组数据对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论多灶性HB经规范外科手术切除辅助术前、术后化疗,可以获得较为满意的预后。
文摘目的观察采用局部皮瓣修复儿童面部色素痣切除后组织缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院烧伤整形外科2018年1月至2022年1月收治的246例采用局部皮瓣修复的儿童面部色素痣切除后组织缺损患儿临床资料,总结患儿临床特征、病变位置及大小、皮瓣设计要点及术后外观改善情况。结果246例均皮瓣成活,切口均一期愈合;术后随访9个月至3年,无一例明显瘢痕增生或正常组织牵拉致外观畸形发生,外观改善均满意;246例瘢痕美容评估与评级量表(scar cosmesis assessment and rating,SCAR)评分(3.49±1.58)分,其中62例(62/246,25.2%)评分0~2分,为十分满意;138例(138/246,56.1%)评分3~4分,为比较满意;35例(35/246,14.2%)评分5~7分,为相对满意;11例(11/246,4.5%)评分>7分,为不满意;手术效果总体评分满意率为95.5%(235/246)。结论根据不同的面部美容分区选择合适的局部皮瓣来修复色素痣切除后的皮肤缺损,具有皮瓣成活佳、可避免局部组织牵拉、后期瘢痕不明显等优点,可获得良好的美容效果。
