Analysis of Professional Quality Cultivation Strategies for Infant and Child Care Service Talents from the Perspective of Collaboration of Medical Care,Parenting,and Education,and Integration of Industry and Education

The collaboration of medical care,parenting,and education aims to integrate nursing,midwifery,infant and child care services,and management with speech and hearing rehabilitation technology,among other elements related to the infant care industry chain.This integration targets pediatrics talent training in nine infant care positions,including nursing,infant health care and management,and child rehabilitation,to ensure that the capabilities and quality of professional talents can meet the health care needs of infants and young children.This article briefly explains the background of the“collaboration of medical care,parenting,and education,and integration of industry and education.”It analyzes the necessity of cultivating infant and child care service talents based on the perspective of“collaboration of medical care,parenting,and education,and integration of industry and education.”Based on this perspective,we conducted an in-depth study of the cultivation of professional qualities of infant and child care service talents.

Benefit of Using Sick Child Care Facilities to the Children and Their Parents

Introduction: Sick child care is a form of nursing care provided temporarily for sick children when they cannot be cared for by their parents at home. To clarify the benefits of using sick child care facilities for children and their parents, we surveyed these parents about the benefits of such care and their needs. Method: Study design: Descriptive research. We studied parents whose children had used one of the 11 sick child care facilities for sick children in Hiroshima City in 2014. A total of 156 parents consented to participate in the study. We investigated their usage situation of sick child care, perceived benefits of such care, and care-related requests in a quantitative and qualitative manner. Results: Both nuclear families consisting of the dual income parents and their children and single-mother households reported that their children (mean age: 2.46 years [SD: 1.77 years]) had used sick child care because of infectious diseases. Approximately 10% of the parents were using the fee reduction systems of sick child care intended for people with a low income. Parents viewed sick child care as beneficial both in early the health recovery of children, and as support for child raising and working. On the other hand, some parents left their children at home alone when sick child care was not available due to the limited number of sick child care facilities and an insufficient capacity to accept children. Some parents desired an increased number of care facilities, as well as a reduction in or subsidies for care fees. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that, to ensure children’s health and safety, and support their parents for working and child raising, there is a need to increase the number of sick child care facilities along with expanding care services.

Mortality of Children in the Intensive Care Unit of the Pediatric University Hospital of Bangui

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, one in 13 children died before their fifth birthday. Objective: To study mortality among children hospitalized in the intensive care unit of the CHUPB. Methodology: This was a retrospective, descriptive study over a 12-month period. Included were children aged 1 month to 15 years hospitalized in the intensive care unit and who died during the period. The data were entered and analyzed through the Epi Info software. The statistical test used was Pearson’s chi2. Results: The overall mortality rate was 21.49%. The sex ratio was 1.14 and the mean age was 3.17 ± 2.21 years. Children 5 years of age accounted for 78.49% (n = 197) of cases. Deaths were more frequent in January, April and December. The mean time to consultation was 6.91 ± 1.8 days. Fever 78.48% (n = 197), diarrhea/vomiting 35.45% (n = 89) and convulsions 26.29% (n = 66) were the main reasons for consultation. Prior to admission, treatment was administered in 73.38% (n = 184) of children. The main diagnoses of death were: septic shock 29.08% (n = 73), hypovolemic shock post AEG 17.13% (n = 43), severe malaria 10.76% (n = 27) and meningitis 6.38% (n = 16). Death was early in 66.53% (n = 167) of cases. It was influenced by male sex, origin of residence, rural residence, herbal medicine and the occurrence of deaths during the shifts after 16 hours. Conclusion: Mortality in pediatrics remains a concern in our practice. It is related to conditions that are mostly preventable by vaccination, information, education and communication.

Overview of Child Otological Care at the Reference Health Center of Commune V, Bamako

Aim: To profile the diagnostic and the care provided for otological conditions in children. Method: This was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out from March 1, 2022 to May 30, 2022 at the ENT Unit of the Reference Health Center of Commune V (Bamako). This study concerned the records of children with an otological condition. They were at their first consultation within the unit. The month of March was devoted to recruitment. The follow-up was done until the end of May. The parameters studied included epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects. Results: We identified 184 children suffering from otological conditions out of a total of 559 patients that consulted during March 2022, i.e. an hospital prevalence of 32.9%. This study found ear infections in 60.3%. Earwax and epidermal plugs accounted for 32.60%. Traumatic injuries were 4.3%. Pre-lingual deafness was found in 1.1% of cases. Antibiotics were used for treatment in 66.3% of children without any complications detected. Conclusion: The otological affections of the child were frequent with a predominance of otitis.

Child Abuse during the Pandemic and Trauma-Informed Care: A Review of Evidence-Based Literature

Abuse of infants and children is a public health problem that warrants immediate attention. It is estimated that over 7 million children are affected by child abuse yearly, with the highest rate of abuse in those less than one year of age. Approximately 60% of child abuse victims are children under the age of three years, making infants and young children a particularly vulnerable population. Interventions targeting the perinatal period can be effective in mitigating child abuse, including parent education programs and trauma-informed care services. This paper provides an overview of the current evidence base related to child abuse following the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on prevention and intervention strategies that can be utilized to increase caregiver support and reduce child abuse rates during the perinatal period.

Literature Review on Support for Children and Families Experiencing Parental Bereavement

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the actual nursing support in a wide perspective by reviewing overseas literature on support for children who have experienced parental bereavement and their families. The goal was to identify future challenges in nursing support in clinical practice in Japan. Method: Literature searchable as of May 2023 was retrieved using PubMed, resulting in 11 relevant articles. Result: The results revealed the following: 1) For support provided to children, 13 codes were condensed into 5 subcategories and 4 categories. 2) For support provided to families, 36 codes were condensed into 11 subcategories and 4 categories. Conclusion: Open communication was found to be essential for supporting children and their families who have experienced parental bereavement. Moreover, involvement of multiple professions facilitated the provision of specialized support to address diverse needs of children and families, playing a crucial role in overcoming grief. Additionally, the effectiveness of support systems for bereaved families highlighted the need for nursing professionals in Japan to gain knowledge through learning opportunities and to establish a multi-disciplinary approach to support, thus indicating future challenges in nursing support.

Mental Health Care Given to Children and Adolescents in the Center for Children and Your Psychosocial:From the Perspective of Health Professionals

This study was carried out in order to investigate the professionals’ feelings concerning the care in the Center for Children and Youth Psychosocial Care, as well as to evidence the advantages and difficulties of this work. This was a qualitative research guided by the social phenomenology of Al-fred Schütz. 13 health professionals from CAPSi between November 2008 and January 2009 were interviewed. We identified three categories: First feelings, difficulties of care and motivation for the care. The first category, awakened feelings, relates to the beginning of work with children and adolescents in CAPSi. The second motivation for the care, relates to the points highlighted as conducive to work. The third, difficulties in Caring for expressing the difficulties encountered in mental health of children and adolescents in CAPSi. We concluded that the care depends of knowledge, experience and service conditions in order to attend the needs of children and adolescents in CAPSi.

Meaningful Contact Estimates among Children in a Childcare Centre with Applications to Contact Matrices in Infectious Disease Modelling

We present a mathematical model of a day care center in a developed country (such as Canada), in order to use it for the estimation of individual-to-individual contact rates in young age groups and in an educational group setting. In our model, individuals in the population are children (ages 1.5 to 4 years) and staff, and their interactions are modelled explicitly: person-to-person and person-to-environment, with a very high time resolution. Their movement and meaningful contact patterns are simulated and then calibrated with collected data from a child care facility as a case study. We present these calibration results as a first part in the further development of our model for testing and estimating the spread of infectious diseases within child care centers.

Maternity and Child Care in Yinan County

YINAN is a poor county in the Yimeng Mountain Area in Shandong Province. It has a population of 900,000, over 80 percent of whom live in rural areas and about 600,000 of whom are women and children. Protecting the health of women and children is not only important to reach the goal "Everyone Enjoys Health Protection by the year 2000" and the goals set out in the "Program for Chinese Children’s Development in the 1990s," but also has a crucial influence on

Impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs on Antibiotic Use and Drug Resistance:Analysis of Data from Maternal and Child Health Care Hospitals in Hubei Province,China

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs(ASPs)on antibiotic use and drug resistance.MethodsThis was a retrospective,multicenter,management intervention study.The data from 85 maternity hospitals(maternal and child health care hospitals)in Hubei province from 2012 to 2019 were collected.The indicators related to antimicrobial drug use included the utilization rate of different grades of antimicrobial drugs,the intensity of antimicrobial agent use,the rational use of prophylactic antimicrobial agents before class I surgical incision,and pathogenic detection and consultation rates before antimicrobial drug use.ResultsSince the implementation,the purchase of antimicrobial agents in hospitals has been maintained within the prescribed range,and the defined daily dose system(DDDs)of antimicrobial agents has been reduced,prophylactic use and accurate treatment of antimicrobial agents related to class I surgical incision have been more reasonable.With the implementation of ASPs,the detection rate of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli,and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been decreased in China from national bacterial resistance surveillance data.ConclusionASPs have positive effects on antibiotic use and drug resistance in 85 maternity hospitals(maternal and child health care hospitals).

Family Centered Care versus Child Centered Care: The Malawi Context

Family Centered care is a model that is practiced and encouraged in child health care. It considers family as partners and collaborators in care of children. It aims at involving family in all aspects of child care. Family centered care also mentions involvement of child. However, emphasis is given more on family than child and does not take into account the older child’s capacity for independent decision making and right to privacy. As such, child’s needs are missed out. With child centered care, children are involved and supported at all levels of care based on their age and developmental stage. This paper aims to stress the importance of involving children within family centered care. Involving children in their care, makes them feel less threatened by the health care professional and their self esteem is promoted. Currently, no studies have been identified in Malawi that demonstrates full partnership between the family, child and the nurse. Furthermore, Family Centered Care and Child Centered Care as models are not fully practiced. It is therefore important to practice both family and child centered care in child health care if the needs of both family and children are to be addressed concurrently.

Orientation Program on the Care of Children Tracheostomized in the Home Environment

Objective: The aim of the study was to make a literature review on counseling and family education about the care with tracheostomy and develop a guidance booklet for parents about the cautions in handling tracheostomy tubes at home. Methods: This research is based on literature review from 1992 to 2012, realized from October of 2011 to August 2012, through the following databases: medline, lilacs, scielo and sibinet USP, with the elaboration of a guidance booklet for parents, about home care of tracheostomized children. Results: We elaborated a guidance booklet for parents, about the care of tracheostomized children and all were described according to literature review. Conclusion: According to the literature review family education in the care of tracheostomized children is essential so that caregivers have full autonomy to safely and effectively conduct the necessary techniques in their homes.

Access to Child Health Care, Medical Treatment of Sick Children and Childhood Mortality Relationships in Kenya

Child health care factors such as medical treatment of sick children have direct and indirect effect on childhood mortality. Through international cooperation, a number of countries including Kenya have gathered information on provision of child health services at facility level from periodic Service Provision Assessment (SPA) surveys. Kenya has also gathered information on medical treatment of sick children at household level from periodic Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). However, establishing how health care information in the SPA surveys relates to childhood mortality and also how these factors relate to medical treatment of sick children in the DHS has been constrained by differences in sample designs of the surveys. This study deployed a fstrategy of constructing community level variables derived from the SPA survey data and incorporated them into DHS data which served as the main data source. The SPA and DHS sampling designs for Kenya allow computation of stable estimates of regional demographic and health service indicators at provincial level. This study analyzed information gathered from 690 health facilities in 2010 SPA and 6079 births born less than 60 months from 2008/09 DHS. The study found that access to child health services, waiting time before service in facility and time to the nearest referral facility were significant facilitating factors for medical treatment of sick children. The study also established that waiting time before service in facility was the only access to health care factor which had a significant effect on childhood mortality when HIV prevalence was excluded in the analysis. However, the significance of waiting time before service diminished with inclusion of HIV prevalence. Further research is required to refine definition and measurement for child health care variable on female autonomy.

How the Health Care Nurse Supports and Enhances the Child’s Attachment to Their Parents

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide insight into how the Child Healthcare Clinic (BVC) nurse supports and encourages the child’s bonding to their parents during the regularly scheduled checkups at the healthcare clinics. Method: The study was done using a qualitative approach. The data was collected from the interviews of four focus groups which were comprised of a total of eighteen BVC nurses who work solely for the BVC. The resulting data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The following theme emerged from the research material: Empower the parents in order to enable the child to have a healthy connection to the parents. This is accomplished by the BVC nurse building and creating a trusting relationship with the parents and providing support for them in their new roles as parents. The BVC nurses must have comprehensive knowledge about the needs and development of children and they need to have exceptional communication skills as well. It is also mandatory that the BVC nurse have access to cooperation and support from their colleagues and the support of other related professions. Conclusion: Providing support to parents during the bonding period of their infant children is a most important function for BVC nurses because there is much to be determined about children’s development and future possibilities during this formative period.

Longitudinal Care Evaluation in Child Healthcare

Objective: To evaluate the essential attribute of Primary Health Care, longitudinal care, care directed at children from birth to two years old. Methods: This is a descriptive and exploratory study of evaluative character and quantitative approach, conducted with parents/caregivers of 186 children, younger than two years old, patients of primary health care services in the city of Santa Cruz/RN, Brazil. For data collection, the instrument Primary Care Assessment Tools (PCA Tools) was used, and the results of the questions dealing with longitudinal attribute were evaluated. The data were stored and processed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences School of Trairí, under number 348896. Results: The mean age of children in months was 8.21;84.4% (n = 157) were assisted by the same doctor/nurse every time;in 81.7% (n = 152) of cases the doctor/nurse know the full medical history of the child;73.7% (n = 137) answered that the professional know their child more as a person than just as someone with a health problem;48.9% (n = 91) stated that the doctor/nurse do not know their family very well;86.6% (n = 161) reported finding the doctor/nurse understands what is saying or questioning;96.2 (n = 179) of respondents said the doctor/nurse answers the questions so that they understand;96.2% (n = 179) of the interviewed said they feel comfortable telling the concerns or problems of their child to the doctor/nurse;66.7% (n = 124) claimed that they would not change the service/doctor/nurse to another health service. Conclusion: It is concluded that the attribute was well rated by the mothers of children seen in primary health care services and that they can establish good communication and relationship with the health professionals who treat their children.

Assessment on self-care, mobility and social function of children with spina bifida in Turkey

The aim of the study was to investigate the functional performance in children with spina bifida, using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory （PEDI） to look into capacity of twen- ty-eight children with spina bifida with lesions at different levels in different dimensions of self- care, mobility and social function. Mean age of the patients was 3.5 ± 2.3 （1-10） years. In the muscle test carried out, 13 patients （44.8%） had no movements including pelvic elevation in lower extremity muscles and they were at level 5. Sixteen patients （54%） were non-ambulatory according to the Hoofer ambulation classification. Raw and scale scores in the self-care, mobil- ity and social function domains both in the functional skill scale and in the caregiver scale were found to be lower compared to the data of the normal population. A statistically significant correlation was observed in the self-care values of the Functional Skills Scales and the Caregiver Assistance Scale measurements, which was positive for age and negative for Functional Ambu- lation Scale and muscle test （P 〈 0.05）. A positive relation was found between the Functional Skills Scales-mobility area and age while a negative relation was observed between Functional Ambulation Scale and muscle test （P 〈 0.005）. A negative relation was also found between Care- giver Assistance Scale-mobility and Functional Ambulation Scale and muscle test （P 〈 0.005）. In our study, the functional performance of the children was found to be low. Low-level lesions, encouraging muscular strength and independence in mobility are all very important factors for functional independence.

儿童照料费用对女性劳动参与决策的影响研究

自我国开始市场化改革以来,我国女性劳动参与率呈现不断下降的趋势,且长期低于男性劳动参与率。受传统家庭劳动分工的影响,女性在家庭中承担着养育孩子的主要责任,因而与儿童照料相关的成本负担通常会对女性劳动供给产生一定的负面影响。在我国进行托育制度改革后,公共托育体系的瓦解抬高了儿童托育服务的价格。目前,我国女性劳动参与率的持续下降与儿童照料费用的不断增加有着密切联系。基于此观察,利用中国健康和营养调查(CHNS)1991~2015年九期调查数据,创新性地利用了社区0~6岁儿童托幼机构的托儿费支出这一指标,综合使用Probit模型和工具变量法实证分析了儿童照料费用对我国女性劳动参与决策的影响。研究结果发现:儿童照料费用的增加显著降低了女性的劳动参与率。异质性分析表明,儿童照料费用的增加对于城镇、受教育程度较低、30岁以下和中低收入水平家庭的女性劳动参与率的负面影响更为明显。稳健性分析表明,儿童照料费用的增加对男性劳动参与率没有显著的负面影响;在控制内生性后,儿童照料费用对女性劳动参与率的负向影响显著增强。在生育政策完全放开的背景下,完善普惠托幼服务体系、健全女性就业保障制度和倡导男性共同承担育儿责任是提升我国女性劳动参与率的重要措施。

神经母细胞瘤扩增序列基因突变致急性肝功能衰竭患儿的护理

总结3例神经母细胞瘤扩增序列基因突变致儿童急性肝功能衰竭的护理体会。针对本组患儿高氨血症引发肝性脑病、感染引起高热、分解代谢增加及出院后护理等问题,采取严密监测意识评估肝性脑病发展,及时采取合适的血液净化方式快速降血氨;预防与控制感染,尤其是体温管理;加强营养支持;定期跟踪随访,避免再次发生急性肝功能衰竭。经过快速救治及精心护理,3例患儿病情稳定出院,出院后3个月随访恢复良好。

2016—2021年某妇幼保健院早产儿医院感染影响因素分析

目的 了解早产儿医院感染现状及影响因素,为早产儿医院感染防控提供理论和实践依据。方法 采用回顾性研究方法,对2016年1月—2021年12月某院新生儿病房收治的早产儿进行调查分析,查阅病历,收集早产儿基本信息及住院期间诊疗信息。结果 共纳入早产儿3 559例,其中男1 964例,女1 595例;平均出生体重(2 108.66±631.17)g。发生医院感染109例,发病率3.06%;主要感染类型为下呼吸道感染(44.04%)、血流感染(28.44%)、胃肠道感染(14.68%);检出医院感染相关病原菌38株,其中革兰阴性菌33株(86.84%),革兰阳性菌3株,真菌2株。主要分离病原菌为产气肠杆菌(28.95%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(28.95%)。经单因素、非条件多因素logistic回归分析,羊水污染、出生体重<2 500 g、使用呼吸机、中心静脉插管是早产儿医院感染的独立危险因素(OR值分别为2.424、3.805、3.776、5.412,均P<0.05);剖宫产是早产儿医院感染的保护因素(OR=0.362,P<0.05)。结论 早产儿医院感染风险高,影响因素多,临床应引起重视,积极采取有循证依据的防控措施减少风险因素暴露,保护早产儿健康。

综合儿童保健对早产儿体格发育和发育商的影响研究

目的:分析综合儿童保健对早产儿体格发育以及发育商的影响。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年10月于滨州市中心医院出生的122例早产儿作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组(61例)与观察组(61例),对照组早产儿开展常规儿童保健,观察组早产儿在常规保健基础上开展综合儿童保健,对比两组早产儿保健前后头围、身长、体质量等体格发育情况,精细动作、大动作、语言、认知及社会行为能力等发育商,以及营养性疾病发生情况。结果:保健12个月后,观察组早产儿头围、身长、体质量大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);保健12个月后,观察组早产儿精细动作、大动作、语言、认知及社会行为能力评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);保健12个月后,观察组早产儿营养性疾病总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:综合性儿童保健对促进早产儿健康发育具有良好的效果,可有效预防营养性疾病的发生,具有较高的临床应用价值。