It has been shown that annually around 1250 children younger than 15 years old die in traffic accident.The number of children who also injured as a consequence of car accidents is noticeably higher.According to the EC...It has been shown that annually around 1250 children younger than 15 years old die in traffic accident.The number of children who also injured as a consequence of car accidents is noticeably higher.According to the ECE-R44 regulation the safety of children in the cars,the use of a child safety seat(CSS)is highly recommended.Using a CSS would dramatically diminish the injuries of traffic accidents.However,the posture,especially the angle,of a child when seating on a seat may also affect the amount of injury occurs during the accident.It has been revealed that during the accident only few children remained seated in the standard position,and most of them whether slouched or slanted and turned their head to the side-support of the CSS.Extreme positions,such as leaning forward,escaping from the harness or holding feet were also observed.This study aimed to perform a finite element(FE)study to figure out what angle of seating would result in the least amount of injury to the child head in a typical car crash under the speed of 47 km/h.To do that,a 1.5 years old child dummy(a dummy representing the anthropometry of a 1.5 years old child)has been accommodated on a seat under the angles of 15°,30°,and 45°.The results revealed.The resulted displacements in the head after the accident were also calculated at X,Y,and Z directions.The results in this regard indicated a higher displacement at X direction whereas the lowest one was seen at Y direction.The results have implications not only for understanding the amount of injury to the child head after the accident under different seating angles,but also for giving an insight to the CSS industries and families to choose the right seating posture for the child in the car to reduce the severity of injury.展开更多
目的探讨股骨头骨化核对6~24月龄发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患儿治疗后发生股骨头缺血性坏死(avascular necrosis of femoral head,AVN)的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2022年1月期间在昆明市儿童医...目的探讨股骨头骨化核对6~24月龄发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患儿治疗后发生股骨头缺血性坏死(avascular necrosis of femoral head,AVN)的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2022年1月期间在昆明市儿童医院接受石膏固定术治疗的6~24月龄DDH患儿的髋关节临床资料。依据末次随访时患髋股骨头是否坏死分为:AVN(+)组(Kalamchi-MacEwen分型Ⅰ~Ⅳ型)、AVN(-)组(Kalamchi-MacEwen分型未见坏死);根据股骨头是否出现临床坏死分为临床AVN(+)组(Kalamchi-MacEwen分型Ⅱ~Ⅳ型)、临床AVN(-)组(Kalamchi-MacEwen分型Ⅰ型或未见坏死);根据手术年龄分为6~12月龄组、12~18月龄组和18~24月龄组。比较AVN(+)组与AVN(-)组患儿性别、患髋骨化核状态、侧别、手术年龄、手术方式、术前国际髋关节发育不良协会(International Hip Dysplasia Institute,IHDI)分型、术前髋臼指数(acetabular index,AI)值、外展角度,采用二元Logistic回归分析评估DDH术后发生AVN的独立影响因素,基于独立影响因素绘制受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估其对DDH术后发生AVN的诊断效能。对比临床AVN(+)组与临床AVN(-)组患髋的骨化核状态,分析骨化核状态对临床AVN的影响。对比6~12月龄组、12~18月龄组、18~24月龄组患髋AVN发生率、临床AVN发生率、再脱位发生率、残余髋臼发育不良(residual acetabular dysplasia,RAD)发生率。结果本研究共纳入221髋。AVN(+)组54髋,AVN(-)组167髋。患髋中有骨化核者AVN发生率为18.1%(27/149),无骨化核者ANV发生率为37.5%(27/72),有骨化核者AVN发生率显著低于无骨化核者(P=0.002)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,骨化核状态(OR=3.064,95%CI:1.486~6.319)、外展角度(OR=1.184,95%CI:1.110~1.264)、术前IHDI分型(OR=3.821,95%CI:1.465~9.968)是DDH术后发生AVN的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示外展角度预测DDH术后发生AVN的最佳截断值为63.5°,曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.752,灵敏度为0.500,特异度为0.934。有骨化核者临床AVN发生率为14.1%,无骨化核者临床ANV发生率为26.4%,有骨化核者临床AVN发生率显著低于无骨化核者(P=0.026)。6~12月龄组、12~18月龄组、18~24月龄组AVN发生率分别为20.0%、31.7%、46.1%,临床AVN发生率分别为11.3%、25.0%、26.1%,再脱位发生率分别为1.7%、8.3%、13.0%,RAD发生率分别为27.0%、45.0%、54.3%;3个手术年龄组间比较,AVN发生率差异均无统计学意义(P=0.224),但临床AVN发生率、再脱位发生率和RAD发生率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论骨化核状态、外展角度、术前IHDI分型是DDH患髋术后发生AVN的独立影响因素。骨化核出现对股骨头具有保护作用,可显著降低AVN及临床AVN的发生率,但随着年龄增大,临床AVN发生率、再脱位发生率和RAD发生率增高,会导致相对不良的预后,因此建议在有复位指征时尽早进行DDH治疗,无需等待骨化核出现。展开更多
Internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection with associated stroke is rare event in children. The usual mechanism is either direct trauma or sudden neck movements. We describe the case of a 3-year-old patient a...Internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection with associated stroke is rare event in children. The usual mechanism is either direct trauma or sudden neck movements. We describe the case of a 3-year-old patient admitted with right hemiplegia following a stroke. The diagnosis was confirmed by ANGIO-MRI. During treatment with anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, the patient showed significant improvement in the right-sided hemiplegia. Minor head trauma is a possible pathological mechanism for ICA dissection in children. However, the scenario is extremely rare.展开更多
文摘It has been shown that annually around 1250 children younger than 15 years old die in traffic accident.The number of children who also injured as a consequence of car accidents is noticeably higher.According to the ECE-R44 regulation the safety of children in the cars,the use of a child safety seat(CSS)is highly recommended.Using a CSS would dramatically diminish the injuries of traffic accidents.However,the posture,especially the angle,of a child when seating on a seat may also affect the amount of injury occurs during the accident.It has been revealed that during the accident only few children remained seated in the standard position,and most of them whether slouched or slanted and turned their head to the side-support of the CSS.Extreme positions,such as leaning forward,escaping from the harness or holding feet were also observed.This study aimed to perform a finite element(FE)study to figure out what angle of seating would result in the least amount of injury to the child head in a typical car crash under the speed of 47 km/h.To do that,a 1.5 years old child dummy(a dummy representing the anthropometry of a 1.5 years old child)has been accommodated on a seat under the angles of 15°,30°,and 45°.The results revealed.The resulted displacements in the head after the accident were also calculated at X,Y,and Z directions.The results in this regard indicated a higher displacement at X direction whereas the lowest one was seen at Y direction.The results have implications not only for understanding the amount of injury to the child head after the accident under different seating angles,but also for giving an insight to the CSS industries and families to choose the right seating posture for the child in the car to reduce the severity of injury.
文摘目的探讨股骨头骨化核对6~24月龄发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患儿治疗后发生股骨头缺血性坏死(avascular necrosis of femoral head,AVN)的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2022年1月期间在昆明市儿童医院接受石膏固定术治疗的6~24月龄DDH患儿的髋关节临床资料。依据末次随访时患髋股骨头是否坏死分为:AVN(+)组(Kalamchi-MacEwen分型Ⅰ~Ⅳ型)、AVN(-)组(Kalamchi-MacEwen分型未见坏死);根据股骨头是否出现临床坏死分为临床AVN(+)组(Kalamchi-MacEwen分型Ⅱ~Ⅳ型)、临床AVN(-)组(Kalamchi-MacEwen分型Ⅰ型或未见坏死);根据手术年龄分为6~12月龄组、12~18月龄组和18~24月龄组。比较AVN(+)组与AVN(-)组患儿性别、患髋骨化核状态、侧别、手术年龄、手术方式、术前国际髋关节发育不良协会(International Hip Dysplasia Institute,IHDI)分型、术前髋臼指数(acetabular index,AI)值、外展角度,采用二元Logistic回归分析评估DDH术后发生AVN的独立影响因素,基于独立影响因素绘制受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估其对DDH术后发生AVN的诊断效能。对比临床AVN(+)组与临床AVN(-)组患髋的骨化核状态,分析骨化核状态对临床AVN的影响。对比6~12月龄组、12~18月龄组、18~24月龄组患髋AVN发生率、临床AVN发生率、再脱位发生率、残余髋臼发育不良(residual acetabular dysplasia,RAD)发生率。结果本研究共纳入221髋。AVN(+)组54髋,AVN(-)组167髋。患髋中有骨化核者AVN发生率为18.1%(27/149),无骨化核者ANV发生率为37.5%(27/72),有骨化核者AVN发生率显著低于无骨化核者(P=0.002)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,骨化核状态(OR=3.064,95%CI:1.486~6.319)、外展角度(OR=1.184,95%CI:1.110~1.264)、术前IHDI分型(OR=3.821,95%CI:1.465~9.968)是DDH术后发生AVN的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示外展角度预测DDH术后发生AVN的最佳截断值为63.5°,曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.752,灵敏度为0.500,特异度为0.934。有骨化核者临床AVN发生率为14.1%,无骨化核者临床ANV发生率为26.4%,有骨化核者临床AVN发生率显著低于无骨化核者(P=0.026)。6~12月龄组、12~18月龄组、18~24月龄组AVN发生率分别为20.0%、31.7%、46.1%,临床AVN发生率分别为11.3%、25.0%、26.1%,再脱位发生率分别为1.7%、8.3%、13.0%,RAD发生率分别为27.0%、45.0%、54.3%;3个手术年龄组间比较,AVN发生率差异均无统计学意义(P=0.224),但临床AVN发生率、再脱位发生率和RAD发生率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论骨化核状态、外展角度、术前IHDI分型是DDH患髋术后发生AVN的独立影响因素。骨化核出现对股骨头具有保护作用,可显著降低AVN及临床AVN的发生率,但随着年龄增大,临床AVN发生率、再脱位发生率和RAD发生率增高,会导致相对不良的预后,因此建议在有复位指征时尽早进行DDH治疗,无需等待骨化核出现。
文摘Internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection with associated stroke is rare event in children. The usual mechanism is either direct trauma or sudden neck movements. We describe the case of a 3-year-old patient admitted with right hemiplegia following a stroke. The diagnosis was confirmed by ANGIO-MRI. During treatment with anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, the patient showed significant improvement in the right-sided hemiplegia. Minor head trauma is a possible pathological mechanism for ICA dissection in children. However, the scenario is extremely rare.
