Exploration of the Talent Cultivation Path of New Higher Vocational Compound Childcare Integration

With the continuous development of society,people’s concept of early childhood education is also gradually upgrading.In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),“childcare”is listed as one of the seven national key livelihood tasks,and the model of“integration of childcare and early childhood”is gradually being widely used in infant and toddler education.The application of this model not only promotes the development of infant and toddler education but also brings new challenges to the training of talents specialized in childcare in higher vocational colleges.Higher vocational colleges and universities should adjust the talent training mode according to the requirements of the childcare integration mode,so as to build a high-quality skilled personnel team and promote the further development of infant and toddler education.

Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Childcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic for Parents Raising a 4-Month-Old Child

This study examined the situation of raising a four-month-old baby after pregnancy and childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic. A fact-finding survey was conducted using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire for mothers and their husbands (hereinafter referred to as fathers) who came to A City, Osaka Prefecture, for health checkups of their four-month-old infants. The questionnaire was distributed to 733 mothers (252 responses). Valid responses were received from 247 participants (33.7%). The questionnaire was distributed to 733 fathers (191 responses). Valid responses were received from 184 participants (25.1%). Most participants belonged to nuclear family households. Sixty percent parents were primiparous. More than 90% parents did not participate in online parenting classes or attend childbirth. In addition, more than 80% mothers did not participate in face-to-face or online maternity classes, postpartum face-to-face visits from grandparents in the hospital, online home visits, telephone conversations, or support from non-relatives. Parents could not obtain information about childcare due to COVID-19. There were restrictions on prenatal checkups, visits, and use of facilities. Most of them resolved these problems via social media platforms, cooperating and communicating with their respective partners and relatives, and devising ways to play with their child. Health of nearly 30% mothers was affected by childcare stress and the pandemic, and they were either depressed or despondent. Approximately 70% experienced positive changes in family relationships and mindsets, such as time spent with family and cooperation received in childcare. During the COVID-19 pandemic, parents coped with various changes and problems they experienced during pregnancy, childbirth, and childcare by devising solutions based on their personal perspectives.

Encouraging kids to hop,skip,and jump：Emphasizing the need for higher-intensity physical activity in childcare

1.Introduction Daily physical activity（PA）participation is crucial to the health and well-being of young children.Along with total physical activity（TPA;all-intensity）,moderate-to-vigorous physical activity（MVPA）,or energetic play,is associated with greater health benefits,particularly for preschoolers（3-4 years）,including but not limited to improved bone and skeletal properties and cognitive and psychosocial health.1 Centered on this,both Canada and Australia have recently established 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years,recommending that.

Change in Childcare Policy and Defamilialization

This study explores childcare policy change in South Korea by employing the gradual institutional change model and in relation to the concept of defamilialization.T his study measured the degree of defamilialization quantitatively using the data of Childcare Statistics between 2001-2016 and conducted hierarchical cluster analysis.The analysis results showed that the trajectories of childcare policy in South Korea could be divided into three clusters-2001-2006 for the first cluster,2007-2012 for the second cluster,and2013-2016 for the third cluster-and there were two changes-conversion and layering.Childcare policy in South Korea has taken the path of familialization,market defamilialization,and active familialization.

Childcare,Elderly Caring and Off-farm Employment of Rural Couples in China

Based on the representative sample survey data of more than 1 000 farmers in 101 villages of 25 counties of 5 provinces in China,within the framework of family collective decision-making,this paper studied the effects and heterogeneity of childcare and elderly caring on the off-farm employment mode of rural couples. It found that caring the children younger than 3 years old significantly reduces the possibility of offfarm employment of rural couples;conversely,if there is 60-80 years old member in the family,it will significantly increase the possibility of off-farm employment of rural couples or the wives. Caring the children above 12 years old or the elderly older than 80 years old reduces the possibility of off-farm employment of the husbands. Whether there is preschool education service facility in the village has no effect on the off-farm employment of the couples.

Perspectives for Wearable Electronics in Healthcare and Childcare

This paper starts with a literature survey that introduces possibilities of wearable electronics (WE) in different healthcare and childcare applications. Next, 24 personal interviews and an Internet forum survey were conducted in Finland about the use of WE in applications mentioned above. According to the results, most of the people feel positive about clothes used for wireless identification purposes in healthcare and childcare, but when more information about the person is added that can be wirelessly read, the feelings become more negative. Several important points to consider before implementation of WE for healthcare and childcare environments were brought up.

Privacy of Wearable Electronics in the Healthcare and Childcare Sectors: A Survey of Personal Perspectives from Finland and the United Kingdom

The innovative development of Wearable Electronics (WE) is creating exciting opportunities for application across many industries. Two sectors with high potential are healthcare and childcare. However, it is in these two sectors where the challenges of privacy are presumed to be of the highest. In order to ascertain the personal views of people about potential privacy problems in WE application in these two sectors, interviews with questionnaires were conducted in two different countries: Finland and the United Kingdom (UK). The results indicated that the majority of people in both countries are positive about the use of WE in healthcare and childcare environments. However, when more information is added to be read wirelessly, the attitudes become more negative. In general, the application of WE is more favorable in the UK and the reason as to the difference will make for interesting further research. Several interesting viewpoints and concerns were presented in the interviews. It can be concluded that the implementation of WE in these two sectors will require the collaboration of work on several areas and the development of versatile user studies.

Location Evaluation of Childcare Facilities Focusing on Transportation in Japanese Urban Areas

In recent Japan, as there has been an increase of dual-income households and the demand for childcare facilities has especially increased especially in urban areas, childcare facilities and workers are lacking and it leads to the serious issue of children on waiting lists. Based on the background mentioned above, using statistical method, geographical information system (GIS) and public open data, scenario analysis to select transportation, the present study aimed to propose a method to quantitatively evaluate the current location of childcare facilities in Japanese urban areas. In the present study, the model of the p-median problem used to obtain the optimal location of facilities was modified, and a method to evaluate the current situation concerning the shortage or overage of childcare facilities by district was proposed. As evaluations are conducted using quantitative data such as the specialization coefficient of person trip for transportation and the distance between childcare facilities and districts, the evaluation results are also quantitative, making it an effective indicator for evaluating the locations of childcare facilities. Additionally, the specialization coefficient of person trip for transportation and the distance between childcare facilities and districts were calculated based on public open data. Therefore, the evaluation method in the present study has a high temporal reproducibility as well as spatial reproducibility.

Balance and Sharing:Women's Childcare Time and Family's Help

It is of crucial importance for professional women to strike a balance between childcare and work.Help from family can effectively reduce women's time spent on childcare.Based on relevant survey,this paper successively analyzes the time of mother,father and grandparents invested in childcare and explores how women are supported by their family in this duty.Infant and childcare can be as time-consuming as a full-time job.Mothers have always played a primary role in infant and childcare,while grandparents,offering a helping hand to effectively alleviate the mother's workload,can play an alternative role,which is of great significance.This is particularly true in early childhood,when more than 40% of Chinese children are under the care of grandparents,with relatively limited participation of their fathers.Childcare gap between mothers and fathers is even larger in rural China.It is quite common for a family to turn to nursery services when their child are three years old to significantly alleviate the mother's childcare burden.When it comes to the design of relevant public policies and projects,consideration should be given to the role of each family member in taking care of infants and children in different growth stages to explore more options for childcare.More specifically,in addition to motherhood,grandparents' support should be valued,and fatherhood should be enhanced.

Simultaneous Children Recognition and Tracking for Childcare Assisting System by Using Kinect Sensors

Developing a childcare assisting system is highly necessary due to the lack of nursery teachers, and it will make an important progress on effective utilization of nursery teacher resources. In this paper, we proposed simultaneous children recognition and tracking system by using Kinect sensors for the childcare assisting system to provide information for the nursery teachers. Each of the children is recognized by integrating his/her personal information of color, face and motion. The tracking problem is modeled as finding the MAP solution of a posterior probability, and is solved by using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) particle filter. Our system can recognize and robustly track each child during class activities. Trajectories, motion ranges and relative distances information can be provided for the nursery teachers to assist their childcare work. The effectiveness of our system is proved through continuous monitoring of the children in a nursery school.

北京“新三代家庭”育儿模式下的儿童友好型城市规划策略

回溯儿童友好城市的理念起源,借鉴家庭社会学对于当代抚育结构的经典研究见解,认识到建设儿童友好城市不能仅关注儿童个体,而必须以家庭为完整单元,映射到由全龄人群组成的社会生态系统深部。通过面向北京育儿家庭进行大样本问卷调查,提炼当前北京育儿家庭成员之间亲职分配的主流模式,认识到由代际协作育儿纽带联结的“新三代家庭”已经构成了当前北京最典型的家庭育儿模式。这一认知有助于定位超大城市儿童友好政策输出的侧重领域,避免儿童友好城市创建走向千城一面。通过深入挖掘这一典型模式下“双职工中青年”“银发育儿族”“多孩家庭子女”等人群需求,提出6点促进儿童与家人共享城市服务的策略。

西安市托育服务资源时空演化及影响因素研究

利用核密度估计、最邻近指数法、Kriging空间插值分析、多尺度地理加权回归等量化方法,探究西安市2016—2023年托育服务资源时空演化特征及影响因素。结果表明:(1)西安市托育服务分为起步阶段、快速发展阶段、爆发增长阶段3个发展阶段,由三核心发展为多核心聚集,主要集中在碑林区、雁塔区、未央区。(2)托育服务资源在西安市呈现集聚分布,集聚程度逐年上升,具有“整体上中心集聚、同时向外发展”的特征,西、北方向是扩展的主要方向。(3)高资本托育服务资源主要向商业区和高等院校聚集,呈现出4个高资本热区,这些热区未来有机会提供更具竞争力的托育服务资源。(4)人口因素、教育因素和行业因素显著影响托育服务资源分布,而交通因素和经济因素对托育服务资源的空间分布影响较小。

家庭生育决策、儿童照料方式与女性就业——基于微观家庭调查数据的分析

提高女性就业与生育的正向兼容性对促进人口长期均衡发展具有重要意义。论文基于中国家庭追踪调查数据,采用cmp方法探究儿童照料方式、女性生育与就业决策之间的相互关系。研究发现,女性生育和就业存在双向抑制关系,且对农村户籍的青年女性抑制性更强。隔代照料有助于缓解生育和就业的正向兼容矛盾,而机构照料仅提高了女性就业率,在城市中机构照料伴随高昂成本反而抑制了生育数量。此外,女性正规就业与生育相互抑制,而非正规就业是缓解矛盾的有效途径,尤其是在农村,女性生育与非正规就业相互促进、兼容发展。从动态角度看,因生育中断就业对女性再就业的阻碍具有持续性。建议进一步完善和发展非正规就业市场,短期可鼓励支持家庭隔代照料,长期需发展完善普惠性市场照料,补充“去家庭化”的生育支持。

托幼机构管理者自主选学式培训的作用:以加拿大阿尔伯塔省为例

赋予教育工作者以专业发展自主权被认为是影响培训质量和教育质量的重要一环。在高质量发展背景下托幼机构管理者在参与专业培训时能否实现赋权增能至关重要。基于人力资源管理的AMO理论模型,加拿大阿尔伯塔省的托幼机构管理者自主选学式培训从能力提升、动机激发、机会保障三个维度保障了托幼机构管理者的培训自主权:常态化的培训模式与灵活多样的培训内容与形式,帮助托幼机构管理者提升了专业素养和自主选学能力;自我晋升制度与自我评估机制,帮助托幼机构管理者实现了专业发展的自我驱动力;AECEA专业协会为自主选学式培训提供了规范引领和组织保障,专项经费投入与管理保障了托幼机构管理者自主专业发展的必要条件。自主选学式培训对提升托幼机构管理者专业培训的积极性和有效性具有一定的借鉴意义。

托育服务补助制度:理论逻辑与可行性分析

儿童照顾服务具有公共产品属性和社会投资属性,儿童照顾的责任和成本应当由家庭和国家共同承担。在家庭照顾资源减少、托育服务供给有限、养育成本高企的背景下,国家应当建立托育服务补助制度,以降低家庭照顾儿童的成本,并增加有效需求以促进社会化托育服务发展。通过建立适合于全国和各地的估算模型,基于对未来0~2岁婴幼儿人口的预测和适度补助标准,估算2024—2035年托育服务补助制度的财政资金规模发现,这项制度的财务成本可以承受。为此,建议政府积极创造条件尽快实行这项制度,同时健全人口动态监测系统,采用多种补助形式,实行托育服务补助申请制,加强补助资金监管和引导。

权宜之计抑或权利扩张:学前教育立法中的托育服务

国家在2023年重拾学前教育立法工作,并公布了《学前教育法(草案)》,学前教育与托育服务被法条明文分离切割。实际上托育服务自20世纪末式微之后,并非无法可依,而是在一定程度上寄身于学前教育立法以获取发展空间与法律支持,尤其是在地方立法中呈现出类型多样的立法模式。尽管对于部分地方立法将托育服务纳入学前教育制度的立法技术,在特定历史阶段下应肯定其必要性与合理性,但作为填补立法空白的权宜之计,该立法技术也日渐暴露出了覆盖范围有限、“过度学习”风险、保障水平较低等诸多现实问题。有鉴于此,托育服务专项立法势在必行,其根本实现路径是从基本权利保护的视角出发,承认获得托育服务权是一项有别于受教育权的基本权利,明确权能内涵,具体化相对应的各类国家义务。

儿童照料费用对女性劳动参与决策的影响研究

自我国开始市场化改革以来,我国女性劳动参与率呈现不断下降的趋势,且长期低于男性劳动参与率。受传统家庭劳动分工的影响,女性在家庭中承担着养育孩子的主要责任,因而与儿童照料相关的成本负担通常会对女性劳动供给产生一定的负面影响。在我国进行托育制度改革后,公共托育体系的瓦解抬高了儿童托育服务的价格。目前,我国女性劳动参与率的持续下降与儿童照料费用的不断增加有着密切联系。基于此观察,利用中国健康和营养调查(CHNS)1991~2015年九期调查数据,创新性地利用了社区0~6岁儿童托幼机构的托儿费支出这一指标,综合使用Probit模型和工具变量法实证分析了儿童照料费用对我国女性劳动参与决策的影响。研究结果发现:儿童照料费用的增加显著降低了女性的劳动参与率。异质性分析表明,儿童照料费用的增加对于城镇、受教育程度较低、30岁以下和中低收入水平家庭的女性劳动参与率的负面影响更为明显。稳健性分析表明,儿童照料费用的增加对男性劳动参与率没有显著的负面影响;在控制内生性后,儿童照料费用对女性劳动参与率的负向影响显著增强。在生育政策完全放开的背景下,完善普惠托幼服务体系、健全女性就业保障制度和倡导男性共同承担育儿责任是提升我国女性劳动参与率的重要措施。

托育服务能否提高适龄生育人群生育意愿?——基于2021年CGSS调查数据的实证研究

在普惠托育服务体系建设背景下,使用CGSS 2021年调查数据,对托育服务与适龄生育人群生育意愿之间的关联及影响机制进行了研究。研究发现,托育服务与适龄生育人群生育意愿间呈倒“U”形关系,托育服务对适龄人群生育意愿在阈值范围内具有促进作用。适龄生育人群偏好营利性托育服务,发展型托育服务对生育意愿的促进作用强于普惠型托育服务,但普惠型托育对低收入家庭养育成本改善明显,托育服务需求多元化趋势进一步发展。托育服务通过改善适龄生育人群的生育态度,从而提高其生育意愿。因此,应建立多元化、多层次、多形式的高质量、严标准、高水平的托育服务体系,满足不同生育人群的托育需求,以提高适龄人群的生育意愿。

支持生育的家庭政策何以有效——基于法国和日本经验的研究

法国和日本都实施了鼓励生育的家庭政策,分配大量资源旨在提升生育率,但政策效果截然不同:法国生育率在西方国家首屈一指,而且保持了长期稳定;日本生育率则持续低迷,一直没有起色。从去商品化的现金给付、提升工作家庭平衡和推动性别平等三个视角,可系统对比法国和日本家庭政策的流变历程、投入结构和力度差异,分析生育支持导向的家庭政策在法国和日本发挥作用迥异的原因所在。我国可以此为鉴,多措并举,为家庭提供多样化的选择机制,让整个社会分担家庭生、育、养成本,推进工作家庭平衡和性别平等,让男女分担生育养育的劳务,所有单位分担由生育职工所在单位承担的生育成本。