Exploration of the Talent Cultivation Path of New Higher Vocational Compound Childcare Integration

With the continuous development of society,people’s concept of early childhood education is also gradually upgrading.In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),“childcare”is listed as one of the seven national key livelihood tasks,and the model of“integration of childcare and early childhood”is gradually being widely used in infant and toddler education.The application of this model not only promotes the development of infant and toddler education but also brings new challenges to the training of talents specialized in childcare in higher vocational colleges.Higher vocational colleges and universities should adjust the talent training mode according to the requirements of the childcare integration mode,so as to build a high-quality skilled personnel team and promote the further development of infant and toddler education.

Encouraging kids to hop,skip,and jump：Emphasizing the need for higher-intensity physical activity in childcare

1.Introduction Daily physical activity（PA）participation is crucial to the health and well-being of young children.Along with total physical activity（TPA;all-intensity）,moderate-to-vigorous physical activity（MVPA）,or energetic play,is associated with greater health benefits,particularly for preschoolers（3-4 years）,including but not limited to improved bone and skeletal properties and cognitive and psychosocial health.1 Centered on this,both Canada and Australia have recently established 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years,recommending that.

Change in Childcare Policy and Defamilialization

This study explores childcare policy change in South Korea by employing the gradual institutional change model and in relation to the concept of defamilialization.T his study measured the degree of defamilialization quantitatively using the data of Childcare Statistics between 2001-2016 and conducted hierarchical cluster analysis.The analysis results showed that the trajectories of childcare policy in South Korea could be divided into three clusters-2001-2006 for the first cluster,2007-2012 for the second cluster,and2013-2016 for the third cluster-and there were two changes-conversion and layering.Childcare policy in South Korea has taken the path of familialization,market defamilialization,and active familialization.

Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Childcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic for Parents Raising a 4-Month-Old Child

This study examined the situation of raising a four-month-old baby after pregnancy and childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic. A fact-finding survey was conducted using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire for mothers and their husbands (hereinafter referred to as fathers) who came to A City, Osaka Prefecture, for health checkups of their four-month-old infants. The questionnaire was distributed to 733 mothers (252 responses). Valid responses were received from 247 participants (33.7%). The questionnaire was distributed to 733 fathers (191 responses). Valid responses were received from 184 participants (25.1%). Most participants belonged to nuclear family households. Sixty percent parents were primiparous. More than 90% parents did not participate in online parenting classes or attend childbirth. In addition, more than 80% mothers did not participate in face-to-face or online maternity classes, postpartum face-to-face visits from grandparents in the hospital, online home visits, telephone conversations, or support from non-relatives. Parents could not obtain information about childcare due to COVID-19. There were restrictions on prenatal checkups, visits, and use of facilities. Most of them resolved these problems via social media platforms, cooperating and communicating with their respective partners and relatives, and devising ways to play with their child. Health of nearly 30% mothers was affected by childcare stress and the pandemic, and they were either depressed or despondent. Approximately 70% experienced positive changes in family relationships and mindsets, such as time spent with family and cooperation received in childcare. During the COVID-19 pandemic, parents coped with various changes and problems they experienced during pregnancy, childbirth, and childcare by devising solutions based on their personal perspectives.

Childcare,Elderly Caring and Off-farm Employment of Rural Couples in China

Based on the representative sample survey data of more than 1 000 farmers in 101 villages of 25 counties of 5 provinces in China,within the framework of family collective decision-making,this paper studied the effects and heterogeneity of childcare and elderly caring on the off-farm employment mode of rural couples. It found that caring the children younger than 3 years old significantly reduces the possibility of offfarm employment of rural couples;conversely,if there is 60-80 years old member in the family,it will significantly increase the possibility of off-farm employment of rural couples or the wives. Caring the children above 12 years old or the elderly older than 80 years old reduces the possibility of off-farm employment of the husbands. Whether there is preschool education service facility in the village has no effect on the off-farm employment of the couples.

Perspectives for Wearable Electronics in Healthcare and Childcare

This paper starts with a literature survey that introduces possibilities of wearable electronics (WE) in different healthcare and childcare applications. Next, 24 personal interviews and an Internet forum survey were conducted in Finland about the use of WE in applications mentioned above. According to the results, most of the people feel positive about clothes used for wireless identification purposes in healthcare and childcare, but when more information about the person is added that can be wirelessly read, the feelings become more negative. Several important points to consider before implementation of WE for healthcare and childcare environments were brought up.

Privacy of Wearable Electronics in the Healthcare and Childcare Sectors: A Survey of Personal Perspectives from Finland and the United Kingdom

The innovative development of Wearable Electronics (WE) is creating exciting opportunities for application across many industries. Two sectors with high potential are healthcare and childcare. However, it is in these two sectors where the challenges of privacy are presumed to be of the highest. In order to ascertain the personal views of people about potential privacy problems in WE application in these two sectors, interviews with questionnaires were conducted in two different countries: Finland and the United Kingdom (UK). The results indicated that the majority of people in both countries are positive about the use of WE in healthcare and childcare environments. However, when more information is added to be read wirelessly, the attitudes become more negative. In general, the application of WE is more favorable in the UK and the reason as to the difference will make for interesting further research. Several interesting viewpoints and concerns were presented in the interviews. It can be concluded that the implementation of WE in these two sectors will require the collaboration of work on several areas and the development of versatile user studies.

Location Evaluation of Childcare Facilities Focusing on Transportation in Japanese Urban Areas

In recent Japan, as there has been an increase of dual-income households and the demand for childcare facilities has especially increased especially in urban areas, childcare facilities and workers are lacking and it leads to the serious issue of children on waiting lists. Based on the background mentioned above, using statistical method, geographical information system (GIS) and public open data, scenario analysis to select transportation, the present study aimed to propose a method to quantitatively evaluate the current location of childcare facilities in Japanese urban areas. In the present study, the model of the p-median problem used to obtain the optimal location of facilities was modified, and a method to evaluate the current situation concerning the shortage or overage of childcare facilities by district was proposed. As evaluations are conducted using quantitative data such as the specialization coefficient of person trip for transportation and the distance between childcare facilities and districts, the evaluation results are also quantitative, making it an effective indicator for evaluating the locations of childcare facilities. Additionally, the specialization coefficient of person trip for transportation and the distance between childcare facilities and districts were calculated based on public open data. Therefore, the evaluation method in the present study has a high temporal reproducibility as well as spatial reproducibility.

Balance and Sharing:Women's Childcare Time and Family's Help

It is of crucial importance for professional women to strike a balance between childcare and work.Help from family can effectively reduce women's time spent on childcare.Based on relevant survey,this paper successively analyzes the time of mother,father and grandparents invested in childcare and explores how women are supported by their family in this duty.Infant and childcare can be as time-consuming as a full-time job.Mothers have always played a primary role in infant and childcare,while grandparents,offering a helping hand to effectively alleviate the mother's workload,can play an alternative role,which is of great significance.This is particularly true in early childhood,when more than 40% of Chinese children are under the care of grandparents,with relatively limited participation of their fathers.Childcare gap between mothers and fathers is even larger in rural China.It is quite common for a family to turn to nursery services when their child are three years old to significantly alleviate the mother's childcare burden.When it comes to the design of relevant public policies and projects,consideration should be given to the role of each family member in taking care of infants and children in different growth stages to explore more options for childcare.More specifically,in addition to motherhood,grandparents' support should be valued,and fatherhood should be enhanced.

Simultaneous Children Recognition and Tracking for Childcare Assisting System by Using Kinect Sensors

Developing a childcare assisting system is highly necessary due to the lack of nursery teachers, and it will make an important progress on effective utilization of nursery teacher resources. In this paper, we proposed simultaneous children recognition and tracking system by using Kinect sensors for the childcare assisting system to provide information for the nursery teachers. Each of the children is recognized by integrating his/her personal information of color, face and motion. The tracking problem is modeled as finding the MAP solution of a posterior probability, and is solved by using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) particle filter. Our system can recognize and robustly track each child during class activities. Trajectories, motion ranges and relative distances information can be provided for the nursery teachers to assist their childcare work. The effectiveness of our system is proved through continuous monitoring of the children in a nursery school.

当代西方国家三种类型婴幼儿托育服务模式比较与启示

丹麦学者安德森根据对政府、家庭、市场三者关系的不同理解,将西方资本主义国家的社会福利制度划分为社会民主主义、保守社团主义和自由主义三种类型。通过比较三种类型下各典型国家婴幼儿托育服务模式的特点、运行机制、配套政策与实施效果,基于其有益经验并结合我国具体国情,提出以下政策建议:推进精准施策,精简管理架构;强化家庭经济支持,广纳社会力量;改进时间政策效能,倡导灵活休假。

社区托育服务合作供给中的多元主体关系困境与优化路径

社区托育服务的合作供给已成为创新托育服务供给方式和构建高质量托育服务体系的有效举措。通过对社区托育服务合作供给中的多元主体进行划分,并对“四元主体”之间的关系样态进行检验发现,托育机构对地方政府的资源依赖、地方政府对托育机构的力量牵制、地方政府对基层社区的责任转移、基层社区对托育家庭的权威表达以及托育家庭对托育机构的行动抵牾正成为牵制社区托育服务有效供给的主要因素。为进一步提升社区托育服务的供给效率和供给品质,需要从明确托育主体权责边界,增进托育主体关系互信;调和托育主体利益关系,强化托育主体合作规范;提升托育机构专业水平,增强托育家庭服务认同;健全托育服务供给机制,完善托育主体行动秩序四个方面寻找社区托育服务合作供给中多元主体关系的优化路径。

“后家庭化”时期城市家庭婴幼儿送托决策及其对托育发展的启示

“幼有所育”已经成为一项关系我国人口长期均衡发展的重大民生议题。我国托育事业发展经历了“两大时期、三个阶段”,目前正处于政府、市场与家庭等多元主体共同参与的“后家庭化”阶段,家庭送托实际需求和驱动要素是新时期托育事业高质量发展必须直面的问题。通过对1501个城市家庭的调查分析发现,整体而言非经济因素对于家庭送托决策的影响力度大于经济因素,且结果通过了稳健性检验。家庭区位、家庭关系、家庭职业发展成为影响父母送托的核心因素,入托便捷度能够有效推动家庭做出送托决策,通常认为的家庭经济因素反而并不会显著左右送托决策。可见,要提高托位利用率,减轻城市家庭带养负担,既要有效宣传婴幼儿早期社会化对未来健康成长的科学意义,在观念层面推进家庭送托;也不能忽视托位的覆盖面和“四个可及性”,在实施层面方便家庭送托。

中国托育师资培养研究十年回眸:热点、趋势与展望——基于2013—2023年文献的量化与质性分析

托育师资培养是教师教育整体链条中重要的一环,当前,师资培养成为托育事业发展短板,亟待加强研究。综述是重要的研究知识基础,及时总结既往成果,有助于为国家决策、后续研究和实践提供参考。运用文献计量与质性分析方法,对2013—2023年中国知网收录的中国0—3岁婴幼儿教师培养相关286篇文献爬梳,发现托育师资培养研究以2019年为关键时间点,数量呈爆发式增长,研究热点围绕托育师资培养政策、教师素养、职前培养、职业准入标准、职后培训展开,今后热点将更多聚焦高质量、专业化、标准化培养体系构建主题。未来研究需拓展跨学科及国际视野,结合宏观政策及托育服务体系构建背景开展多元范式研究,不断提升研究质量。

纸片法与平板计数法在托幼机构环境菌落总数检测中的应用分析

目的分析纸片法与平板计数法检测托幼机构环境菌落总数的应用效果。方法随机选取新乡市50所托育机构作为研究对象,对机构中的工作人员皮肤、物品及室内空气进行纳入采样,分别为手部皮肤(n=100)、物品表面(n=100)、室内空气(n=50),随后对以上样本进行纸片法、平板计数法检测,分析其在检测结果、培养时间、室内空气采样时间方面的差异。结果两种检测方案在手部皮肤、物品表面的检测结果无显著性差异(P>0.05),但在室内空气评估检测时,纸片法检测的结果显著高于平板计数法的,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在菌落方面,平板计数法培养结果(工作人员手部皮肤、物品表面、室内空气)1 d与2 d之间,存在显著差异,且培养2 d后的结果显著高于1 d的结果,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但是在纸片法培养结果中,1 d与2 d的结果情况基本一致,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同检测方案室内空气采样时间方面,培养1 d的结果中,纸片法在3 min、5 min、10 min、15 min采样的结果均高于采样5 min的平板计数法,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但在培养2 d的结果中,纸片法仅在3 min、5 min采样结果高于采样5 min的平板计数法(P<0.05),一旦采样时间在10 min、15 min时,两者间无显著差异性(P>0.05)。结论纸片法进行托幼机构环境菌落总数检测的价值优于平板计数法,而且更加快捷、便利,具有推广应用意义。

西安市托育服务资源时空演化及影响因素研究

利用核密度估计、最邻近指数法、Kriging空间插值分析、多尺度地理加权回归等量化方法,探究西安市2016—2023年托育服务资源时空演化特征及影响因素。结果表明:(1)西安市托育服务分为起步阶段、快速发展阶段、爆发增长阶段3个发展阶段,由三核心发展为多核心聚集,主要集中在碑林区、雁塔区、未央区。(2)托育服务资源在西安市呈现集聚分布,集聚程度逐年上升,具有“整体上中心集聚、同时向外发展”的特征,西、北方向是扩展的主要方向。(3)高资本托育服务资源主要向商业区和高等院校聚集,呈现出4个高资本热区,这些热区未来有机会提供更具竞争力的托育服务资源。(4)人口因素、教育因素和行业因素显著影响托育服务资源分布,而交通因素和经济因素对托育服务资源的空间分布影响较小。

托育服务补助制度:理论逻辑与可行性分析

儿童照顾服务具有公共产品属性和社会投资属性,儿童照顾的责任和成本应当由家庭和国家共同承担。在家庭照顾资源减少、托育服务供给有限、养育成本高企的背景下,国家应当建立托育服务补助制度,以降低家庭照顾儿童的成本,并增加有效需求以促进社会化托育服务发展。通过建立适合于全国和各地的估算模型,基于对未来0~2岁婴幼儿人口的预测和适度补助标准,估算2024—2035年托育服务补助制度的财政资金规模发现,这项制度的财务成本可以承受。为此,建议政府积极创造条件尽快实行这项制度,同时健全人口动态监测系统,采用多种补助形式,实行托育服务补助申请制,加强补助资金监管和引导。

权宜之计抑或权利扩张:学前教育立法中的托育服务

国家在2023年重拾学前教育立法工作,并公布了《学前教育法(草案)》,学前教育与托育服务被法条明文分离切割。实际上托育服务自20世纪末式微之后,并非无法可依,而是在一定程度上寄身于学前教育立法以获取发展空间与法律支持,尤其是在地方立法中呈现出类型多样的立法模式。尽管对于部分地方立法将托育服务纳入学前教育制度的立法技术,在特定历史阶段下应肯定其必要性与合理性,但作为填补立法空白的权宜之计,该立法技术也日渐暴露出了覆盖范围有限、“过度学习”风险、保障水平较低等诸多现实问题。有鉴于此,托育服务专项立法势在必行,其根本实现路径是从基本权利保护的视角出发,承认获得托育服务权是一项有别于受教育权的基本权利,明确权能内涵,具体化相对应的各类国家义务。

我国托育服务的社区化转向:逻辑与路径

依据“照顾四边形”理论分析框架,托育服务发展需要向重视社区托育地位和作用的方向转向。托育服务社区化呈现去机构化、非正式化、共享化和地方化等特征。在国家政策和地方探索的积极推动下,我国托育社区化取得了一定的发展,但受到思想认识落后、行政体系牵制、运作机制制约、实践经验欠缺以及场地条件限制等因素的影响,我国托育服务社区化还面临一系列问题。为此,要转变政府在托育服务体系建设中的职能,推进不同供给类型托育服务的协同发展,建立完善的社区托育需求表达机制,促进多元主体共担、共治和共建社区托育。