BACKGROUND Autism is the most common clinical developmental disorder in children.The childhood autism rating scale(CARS)and autistic autism behavior checklist(ABC)are the most commonly used assessment scales for diagn...BACKGROUND Autism is the most common clinical developmental disorder in children.The childhood autism rating scale(CARS)and autistic autism behavior checklist(ABC)are the most commonly used assessment scales for diagnosing autism.However,the diagnostic validations and the corresponding cutoffs for CARS and ABC in individuals with suspected autism spectrum disorder(ASD)remain unclear.Furthermore,for suspected ASD in China,it remains unclear whether CARS is a better diagnostic tool than ABC.Also unclear is whether the current cutoff points for ABC and CARS are suitable for the accurate diagnosis of ASD.AIM To investigate the diagnostic validity of CARS and ABC based on a large Chinese sample.METHODS A total of 591 outpatient children from the ASD Unit at Beijing Children’s Hospital between June and November 2019 were identified.First,the Clancy autism behavior scale(CABS)was used to screen out suspected autism from these children.Then,each suspected ASD was evaluated by CARS and ABC.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to compare diagnostic validations.We also calculated the area under the curve(AUC)for both CARS and ABC.RESULTS We found that the Cronbach alpha coefficients of CARS and ABC were 0.772 and 0.426,respectively.Therefore,the reliability of the CARS was higher than that of the ABC.In addition,we found that the correlation between CARS and CABS was 0.732.Next,we performed ROC curve analysis for CARS and ABC,which yielded AUC values of 0.846 and 0.768,respectively.The cutoff value,which is associated with the maximum Youden index,is usually applied as a decision threshold.We found that the cutoff values of CARS and ABC were 34 and 67,respectively.CONCLUSION This result indicated that CARS is superior to ABC in the Chinese population with suspected ASD.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to propose indicators for grasping autistic characteristics of people with intellectual disabilities who were going to engage in agricultural vocational training. We analyzed the data of ...The purpose of this study was to propose indicators for grasping autistic characteristics of people with intellectual disabilities who were going to engage in agricultural vocational training. We analyzed the data of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) of 44 students at the high school course of a special needs education school who participated in agricultural vocational training. The data were divided into two groups according to the scores of “General Impressions”, one of 15 question items of the CARS: one was the group whose score was 1 (usual), and the other was the group whose scores were 1.5 to 4 (unusual). The results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed significant differences between two groups in eight items including “Relating to People” (p Relating to People” with six other items. As a result, “Relating to People” was considered to be the most effective item to know the participant’s autistic characteristics at a very early stage of training. Eventually, adding two items, “Body Use” and “Imitation” which are necessary to master agricultural tasks, to “Relating to People”, we proposed three indicators.展开更多
目的观察针刺配合康复训练治疗儿童孤独症的临床疗效。方法将86例儿童孤独症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组43例。对照组采用常规康复训练治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上采用针刺治疗。观察两组治疗前后各项量表[儿童孤独症评定量表(child...目的观察针刺配合康复训练治疗儿童孤独症的临床疗效。方法将86例儿童孤独症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组43例。对照组采用常规康复训练治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上采用针刺治疗。观察两组治疗前后各项量表[儿童孤独症评定量表(childhood autism rating scale,CARS)、孤独症行为量表(autism behavior checklist,ABC)和婴儿-初中学生社会生活能力量表(infant-junior high school student’s social living ability scale,S-M量表)]评分、语言能力各项评分(语言表达、语言理解和语言沟通)及各项生化指标[血清组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tissue-type plasminogenactivator,t-PA)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)水平和全血中5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)水平]的变化情况,并比较两组临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为90.7%,明显高于对照组的76.7%(P<0.05)。两组治疗后CARS评分、ABC评分、语言能力各项评分及血5-HT水平均较同组治疗前显著下降,S-M量表评分及血清t-PA、GSH水平均显著上升,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后各项量表评分、语言能力各项评分及各项生化指标与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针刺配合康复训练治疗儿童孤独症疗效确切,能改善患者语言能力,降低CARS评分、ABC评分,调节t-PA、GSH和5-HT水平。展开更多
The Autism Spectrum Rating Scale(ASRS) and the Social Responsiveness Scale(SRS) have been widely used for screening autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in the general population during epidemiological studies, but studies o...The Autism Spectrum Rating Scale(ASRS) and the Social Responsiveness Scale(SRS) have been widely used for screening autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in the general population during epidemiological studies, but studies of individuals with intellectual disability(ID) are quite limited. Therefore, we recruited the parents/caregivers of 204 ASD cases, 71 ID cases aged 6–18 years from special education schools, and 402 typically developing(TD) children in the same age span from a communitybased population to complete the ASRS and SRS. The results showed that the ID group scored significantly lower on total and subscale scores than the ASD group on both scales(P \ 0.05) but higher than TD children(P \ 0.05).Receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated a similar fair performance in discriminating ASD from ID with the ASRS(area under the curve(AUC) = 0.709,sensitivity = 77.0%, specificity = 52.1%, positive predictive value(PPV) = 82.2%) and the SRS(AUC = 0.742,sensitivity = 59.8%, specificity = 77.5%, PPV = 88.4%).The results showed that individuals with ID had clear autistic traits and discriminating ASD from ID cases was quite challenging, while assessment tools such as ASRS and SRS, help to some degree.展开更多
The reported prevalence of autism spectrum disorder（ASD） has been increasing rapidly in many parts of the world. However, data on its prevalence in China are largely missing. Here, we assessed the suitability of the...The reported prevalence of autism spectrum disorder（ASD） has been increasing rapidly in many parts of the world. However, data on its prevalence in China are largely missing. Here, we assessed the suitability of the modi？ed Chinese version of a newly-developed ASD screening tool, the Modi？ed Chinese Autism Spectrum Rating Scales（MC-ASRS） in screening for ASD in Chi nese children aged 6–12 years, through comparison with the Social Responsiveness Scale（SRS） that has been widely used for ASD screening. We recruited the par ents/caregivers of 1588 typically-developing children and190 children with ASD aged 6–12 years to complete the MC-ASRS and SRS, and evaluated the validity of both scales in discriminating children with ASD from those developing typically. The results showed that MC-ASRSperformed as well as SRS in sensitivity, speci？city, and area-under-the-curve（both [0.95） in receiver operating characteristic analysis, with a fair false-negative rate.These results suggest that MC-ASRS is a promising tool for screening for children with ASD in the general Chinese population.展开更多
Background Early autism screening is of great value,but there is lack of a screening tool of early age (2-5 years) in China.The Autism Spectrum Rating Scale (ASRS,2-5 years) is a newly developed autism screening tool ...Background Early autism screening is of great value,but there is lack of a screening tool of early age (2-5 years) in China.The Autism Spectrum Rating Scale (ASRS,2-5 years) is a newly developed autism screening tool in the USA.This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the translated Chinese version of ASRS (C_ASRS) in Chinese children population before its application in China for early autism screening.Methods Caregivers of general children aged 2-5 years from 17 kindergartens and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases from five special education schools in five cities were recruited to complete the C_ASRS.1910 valid questionnaires from kindergarteners and 192 from ASD cases were included for analyses.Results The item reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was more than 0.80 in the screening scale and DSM-5 scale,and 0.51-0.81 in the treatment scale.ASD cases scored higher on total score and most subscales compared to the kindergarteners (Cohen's d ranging from 1.34 to 3.37).C_ASRS showed good discriminatory validity with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.850 (95% confidence interval:0.819-0.881).The cutoff ≥ 60 achieved sensitivity of 65.63% and specificity of 85.63% in discriminating autism children from the general population.Conclusion The results indicate that C_ASRS (2-5 years) could be used as an early level-2 screening tool for autism screening in China and should be further revised for level-1 screening.展开更多
This study aimed to establish norms for the modi？ed Chinese version of the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale（ASRS）. Participants were recruited from Shanghai,Harbin, Guangzhou, and Changsha, China, and their parents and...This study aimed to establish norms for the modi？ed Chinese version of the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale（ASRS）. Participants were recruited from Shanghai,Harbin, Guangzhou, and Changsha, China, and their parents and teachers were invited to complete the Chinese Parent version and the Teacher version of the ASRS. In both versions, boys had signi？cantly higher sub-scale scores and total score（T-score） by 1–3 and 4–5 points respectively, than girls（both P ／ 0.001）. Age had weak correlations with some sub-scores and the T-score（r ranged from-0.1859 to 0.0738）, and some reached signi？cance（P ／ 0.03）. The correlations appeared stronger and were more common in females. The T-score based on Chinese norms ideally correlated with the score based on the United States norms in boys and girls for both versions.Norms for the Chinese version of the ASRS for children aged 6–12 years are proposed and may be helpful for screening individuals with autism spectrum disorders from the general population of children.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Autism is the most common clinical developmental disorder in children.The childhood autism rating scale(CARS)and autistic autism behavior checklist(ABC)are the most commonly used assessment scales for diagnosing autism.However,the diagnostic validations and the corresponding cutoffs for CARS and ABC in individuals with suspected autism spectrum disorder(ASD)remain unclear.Furthermore,for suspected ASD in China,it remains unclear whether CARS is a better diagnostic tool than ABC.Also unclear is whether the current cutoff points for ABC and CARS are suitable for the accurate diagnosis of ASD.AIM To investigate the diagnostic validity of CARS and ABC based on a large Chinese sample.METHODS A total of 591 outpatient children from the ASD Unit at Beijing Children’s Hospital between June and November 2019 were identified.First,the Clancy autism behavior scale(CABS)was used to screen out suspected autism from these children.Then,each suspected ASD was evaluated by CARS and ABC.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to compare diagnostic validations.We also calculated the area under the curve(AUC)for both CARS and ABC.RESULTS We found that the Cronbach alpha coefficients of CARS and ABC were 0.772 and 0.426,respectively.Therefore,the reliability of the CARS was higher than that of the ABC.In addition,we found that the correlation between CARS and CABS was 0.732.Next,we performed ROC curve analysis for CARS and ABC,which yielded AUC values of 0.846 and 0.768,respectively.The cutoff value,which is associated with the maximum Youden index,is usually applied as a decision threshold.We found that the cutoff values of CARS and ABC were 34 and 67,respectively.CONCLUSION This result indicated that CARS is superior to ABC in the Chinese population with suspected ASD.
文摘The purpose of this study was to propose indicators for grasping autistic characteristics of people with intellectual disabilities who were going to engage in agricultural vocational training. We analyzed the data of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) of 44 students at the high school course of a special needs education school who participated in agricultural vocational training. The data were divided into two groups according to the scores of “General Impressions”, one of 15 question items of the CARS: one was the group whose score was 1 (usual), and the other was the group whose scores were 1.5 to 4 (unusual). The results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed significant differences between two groups in eight items including “Relating to People” (p Relating to People” with six other items. As a result, “Relating to People” was considered to be the most effective item to know the participant’s autistic characteristics at a very early stage of training. Eventually, adding two items, “Body Use” and “Imitation” which are necessary to master agricultural tasks, to “Relating to People”, we proposed three indicators.
文摘目的观察针刺配合康复训练治疗儿童孤独症的临床疗效。方法将86例儿童孤独症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组43例。对照组采用常规康复训练治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上采用针刺治疗。观察两组治疗前后各项量表[儿童孤独症评定量表(childhood autism rating scale,CARS)、孤独症行为量表(autism behavior checklist,ABC)和婴儿-初中学生社会生活能力量表(infant-junior high school student’s social living ability scale,S-M量表)]评分、语言能力各项评分(语言表达、语言理解和语言沟通)及各项生化指标[血清组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tissue-type plasminogenactivator,t-PA)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)水平和全血中5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)水平]的变化情况,并比较两组临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为90.7%,明显高于对照组的76.7%(P<0.05)。两组治疗后CARS评分、ABC评分、语言能力各项评分及血5-HT水平均较同组治疗前显著下降,S-M量表评分及血清t-PA、GSH水平均显著上升,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后各项量表评分、语言能力各项评分及各项生化指标与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针刺配合康复训练治疗儿童孤独症疗效确切,能改善患者语言能力,降低CARS评分、ABC评分,调节t-PA、GSH和5-HT水平。
基金supported by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China (201302002 ClinicalTrials.gov Number NCT 02200679)
文摘The Autism Spectrum Rating Scale(ASRS) and the Social Responsiveness Scale(SRS) have been widely used for screening autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in the general population during epidemiological studies, but studies of individuals with intellectual disability(ID) are quite limited. Therefore, we recruited the parents/caregivers of 204 ASD cases, 71 ID cases aged 6–18 years from special education schools, and 402 typically developing(TD) children in the same age span from a communitybased population to complete the ASRS and SRS. The results showed that the ID group scored significantly lower on total and subscale scores than the ASD group on both scales(P \ 0.05) but higher than TD children(P \ 0.05).Receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated a similar fair performance in discriminating ASD from ID with the ASRS(area under the curve(AUC) = 0.709,sensitivity = 77.0%, specificity = 52.1%, positive predictive value(PPV) = 82.2%) and the SRS(AUC = 0.742,sensitivity = 59.8%, specificity = 77.5%, PPV = 88.4%).The results showed that individuals with ID had clear autistic traits and discriminating ASD from ID cases was quite challenging, while assessment tools such as ASRS and SRS, help to some degree.
基金supported by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China(201302002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81371270Clinical Trials.gov number NCT 02200679)
文摘The reported prevalence of autism spectrum disorder（ASD） has been increasing rapidly in many parts of the world. However, data on its prevalence in China are largely missing. Here, we assessed the suitability of the modi？ed Chinese version of a newly-developed ASD screening tool, the Modi？ed Chinese Autism Spectrum Rating Scales（MC-ASRS） in screening for ASD in Chi nese children aged 6–12 years, through comparison with the Social Responsiveness Scale（SRS） that has been widely used for ASD screening. We recruited the par ents/caregivers of 1588 typically-developing children and190 children with ASD aged 6–12 years to complete the MC-ASRS and SRS, and evaluated the validity of both scales in discriminating children with ASD from those developing typically. The results showed that MC-ASRSperformed as well as SRS in sensitivity, speci？city, and area-under-the-curve（both [0.95） in receiver operating characteristic analysis, with a fair false-negative rate.These results suggest that MC-ASRS is a promising tool for screening for children with ASD in the general Chinese population.
文摘Background Early autism screening is of great value,but there is lack of a screening tool of early age (2-5 years) in China.The Autism Spectrum Rating Scale (ASRS,2-5 years) is a newly developed autism screening tool in the USA.This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the translated Chinese version of ASRS (C_ASRS) in Chinese children population before its application in China for early autism screening.Methods Caregivers of general children aged 2-5 years from 17 kindergartens and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases from five special education schools in five cities were recruited to complete the C_ASRS.1910 valid questionnaires from kindergarteners and 192 from ASD cases were included for analyses.Results The item reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was more than 0.80 in the screening scale and DSM-5 scale,and 0.51-0.81 in the treatment scale.ASD cases scored higher on total score and most subscales compared to the kindergarteners (Cohen's d ranging from 1.34 to 3.37).C_ASRS showed good discriminatory validity with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.850 (95% confidence interval:0.819-0.881).The cutoff ≥ 60 achieved sensitivity of 65.63% and specificity of 85.63% in discriminating autism children from the general population.Conclusion The results indicate that C_ASRS (2-5 years) could be used as an early level-2 screening tool for autism screening in China and should be further revised for level-1 screening.
基金supported by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China(201302002Clinical Trials.gov Number NCT 02200679)+1 种基金the Shanghai International Cooperation Ministry of Science Projects,China(14430712200)the Development Project of Shanghai Peak Discipline-Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine
文摘This study aimed to establish norms for the modi？ed Chinese version of the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale（ASRS）. Participants were recruited from Shanghai,Harbin, Guangzhou, and Changsha, China, and their parents and teachers were invited to complete the Chinese Parent version and the Teacher version of the ASRS. In both versions, boys had signi？cantly higher sub-scale scores and total score（T-score） by 1–3 and 4–5 points respectively, than girls（both P ／ 0.001）. Age had weak correlations with some sub-scores and the T-score（r ranged from-0.1859 to 0.0738）, and some reached signi？cance（P ／ 0.03）. The correlations appeared stronger and were more common in females. The T-score based on Chinese norms ideally correlated with the score based on the United States norms in boys and girls for both versions.Norms for the Chinese version of the ASRS for children aged 6–12 years are proposed and may be helpful for screening individuals with autism spectrum disorders from the general population of children.
