The overview of the language acquisition for Chinese city children aged 0-3 years

This paper examines the language development of Chinese children aged 0-3years in city family. About baby＇s language development by the time stages accordingly. Paying special attention to the efforts for the parents or caregivers. Infants receive more talking education and speak earlier. Most parents can hardly wait for their baby to say its first word and communicate with their baby. From about 2 years old, the child should be able to use simple phrases, retell simple story and even to sing song. Parents play an important role in this stage. By the 3 years children begin to use most of function words rather than omit them. And acquisition for the second language will help children＇s language development. The children have a gift for learning language.

Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Aged 0 - 5 Years in the Yénawa District of Cotonou (Benin) in 2023

Introduction: Acute respiratory infections remain one of the main causes of mortality in children aged 0 to 5. This work aimed to study the associated factors with the occurrence of acute respiratory infections in children 0 to 5 years old in Yénawa, Cotonou in 2023. Subjects and Method: It was an analytical cross-sectional study of children aged 0 - 5 years and their mothers in Yénawa, selected by four-degree random sampling. The sampling size, calculated using the Schwartz formula, was 126 children and 126 mothers. The dependent variable was the occurrence of acute respiratory infections. The independent variables were classified into four groups: socio-demographic and economic characteristics, behavioral factors, child-related factors, and environmental factors. Data collected by observation and questionnaire survey were analyzed using STATA version 15 software. Associated factors were investigated by bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression, at the 5% significance level. Results: A total of 126 children aged 0 - 5 years and 126 mothers were surveyed, aged 23.5 (11 - 36) months and 30 (18 - 48) years respectively. The prevalence of acute respiratory infections was 74.60% (CI95% = 66.89 to 82.30). The associated factors were the mother’s age between 18 and 28 (OR = 10.77;CI95% = 1.89 to 61.27;p = 0.007), the use of charcoal/wood for cooking (OR = 7.36;IC = 1.99 to 27.10;p = 0.003)), children's poor personal hygiene (OR = 8.87;IC = 2.92 to 26.97;p 0.001)), and cohabitation with domestic animals (OR = 7.27;IC = 1.67 to 31.71;p = 0.015). Conclusion: Communicating with mothers about the factors identified will help reduce the prevalence of acute respiratory infections in children aged 0 to 5.

Risk Factors for Geo-Helminthiasis in Children Aged 6 - 36 Months in a Rural Health District in Cameroon

Introduction and Objectives: Soil-Transmitted-Helminthiasis (STH) is a public health problem in Cameroon. The control strategies currently in place, particularly chemoprevention, has shortcomings linked to the target population, which are school-age children. The objective was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors associated with geo-helminthiasis in children aged 0 to 3 years in a rural health district. Method: From December 2020 to May 2021, a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of 376 children between 6 and 36 months was carried out in the Akonolinga health district. This was a cluster sampling in 4 health areas. Stool samples were collected and analysed using the mini-FLOTAC method. The results expressed as the number of eggs per gram of stool. A questionnaire on socio-demographic and lifestyle data was administered to the parents. The Chi-squared test was used to measure the association between geo-helminth infection and the data collected. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed (p 0.05). Results: The prevalence of STH was 19.4% (Ascaris lumbricoides: 16% and Trichuris trichiura: 8%). Risk factors were: consumption of contaminated water (AOR = 1.93 [1.03 - 3.6];p = 0.040), early contact of the child with the ground (before age of 4 months) (AOR = 4.9 [2.1 - 11.37];p .001), habit of walking barefoot (AOR = 2.91 [1.1 - 7.97];p = 0.038), and living in a habitat with unpaved ground (AOR = 7.4 [1.55 - 35.7];p = 0.012). Conclusion: The prevalence of STHs in infants was high. Preventive chemotherapy should be extended to this age-group, and other measures intensified.

Prevalence and Years Lived with Disability for Dental Caries among Children Aged 0-14 Years in China, 1990-2016

The estimate of dental caries among Chinese children at the microscale level using standard methodology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed and analyzed the disease burden of childhood dental caries in China by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 （GBD 2016）. In 2016, the number of cases, prevalence, years lived with disability （YLD）, and age-standardized YLD rate of dental caries was 93.0 million, 43.0%, 32,200 person years, and 14.8 per 100,000, respectively. Across 33 provincial units, the disease burden was highest in Hubei （YLD rate 28.6 per 100,000）, lowest in Macao （9.1 per 100,000）, while geographical clustering was not observed. Compared with 1990, the prevalence in 2016 decreased from 46.8% to 43.0%, and the YLD rate decreased from 16.5 per 100,000 to 14.8 per 100,000. Given the slight decrease in dental caries burden, the prevalence and disease burden remained high among Chinese children. Strategies for addressing the spatial inequity of childhood dental caries require geographical targeting.

Factors Influencing Preventive Behaviors of Mothers for Diarrhea in Children Aged 1-5 Years in Buol District, Indonesia

This study aims to determine the factors related with mothers＇ behaviors in preventing diarrhea in children aged 1-5 years inBuol District. This was a cross-sectional survey design with health belief model as the conceptual framework. A total of 300mothers were selected by using purposive sampling method based on criteria. Mothers were interviewed by using astructured questionnaire during October to November 2015. A chi-square （X^2） test was used to determine a significantassociation between independent variables and dependent variable. The finding showed that 68.3% of mothers hadgood behaviors in preventing diarrhea. The factors significantly related to mothers＇ behaviors included perceivedsusceptibility to diarrhea, perceived severity of diarrhea, perceived benefits of diarrhea prevention behaviors, and perceivedbarriers of diarrhea prevention behaviors CP 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, and p 〈 .01 respectively）. Further, mothers had highperception to comply with diarrhea prevention behaviors. Those who perceived that diarrhea prevention behaviors werehighly beneficial to their children had good behaviors in preventing diarrhea. However, taking certain actions must considernegative aspects.

National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0–17 Years of Age in China

The main purpose of the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China(CNHSC)was to collect basic data on the nutrition,development,and health status for children in different regions across China using evidence-based,reliable,and cost-effective approaches.Children and their parents or guardians from seven regions(south,southwest,north,northwest,eastern,central,and northeast China)in China were recruited.A multi-stage stratified randomized sampling method was used.Two provinces were randomly sampled from each of the seven regions,from which one urban district and one rural country were also randomly sampled,resulting in a total of 28 survey counties/districts.Dietary surveys,health examinations,laboratory testing,and questionnaires were used to collect dietary intake,nutritional status,child development,and health status information.Nutrition,health,and lifestyle assessment of children and their parents was determined using the Knowledge Attitude Practice(KAP)survey.Greater than 100,000 children(38,000 children<6 years of age and 66,000 children6-17 years of age)completed the survey.The survey provided comprehensive data on child nutrition and health status for future studies and will serve as the basis for an integrated nutrition and health improvement strategies proposal for children in China.

国外0-3岁婴幼儿托育服务供给的经验、问题及启示——以美、英、日为例

托育服务及其质量不仅对婴幼儿的身心健康发展具有重要影响,而且对提高国民素质,提升家庭幸福以及社会可持续发展具有重要战略意义。美国、英国、日本在0-3岁婴幼儿托育服务制度保障、福利补贴、运营模式以及师资队伍等方面有较成熟经验。但由于“补缺式”供给体制造成托育服务两极分化、“市场化”运营方式导致托育机构质量参差不齐、“性别化”政策规避导致家庭照顾服务失灵、“非正式”托育机构配备导致托育师资质量较低。借鉴美国、英国、日本托育服务的有益探索与实践,我国0-3岁婴幼儿托育服务应加强顶层设计以建立健全托育服务体系,激活市场活力以支持托育服务有效供给,合理规划托育服务资源以满足不同需求,整合学前师资力量以提高托育服务人员水平。

海南省0~3岁儿童屏幕暴露现况及影响因素研究

目的了解海南省0~3岁儿童屏幕暴露现况,分析其影响因素,为儿童屏幕暴露干预提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,对2020年12月至2021年7月于海南省18个市(县)的5843名0~3岁儿童家长进行问卷调查,收集儿童人口学信息、家庭类型、主要带养人及每日平均视屏时间(近一个月)等资料;分别将0~<18月龄儿童视屏时间>0小时/天、18~36月龄儿童视屏时间>1小时/天定义为屏幕暴露,采用多因素Logistic回归分析屏幕暴露的影响因素。结果5843名儿童中男童3259名(55.78%),女童2584名(44.22%)。65.10%的儿童未接触屏幕,24.75%的儿童每日视屏时间在0~<1小时,5.96%的儿童每日视屏时间在1~2小时,4.19%的儿童每日视屏时间超过2小时。0~3岁儿童屏幕暴露报告率为20.11%,其中0~<18月龄儿童屏幕暴露报告率低于18~36月龄,差异有统计学意义(17.17%vs.26.19%,χ^(2)=65.138,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,0~<18月龄中,在农村居住(OR=1.264,95%CI:1.003~1.594)、主要带养人为祖/外祖父母(OR=1.536,95%CI:1.157~2.040)是儿童屏幕暴露的危险因素;18~36月龄中,家庭类型为主干家庭是儿童屏幕暴露的保护因素(OR=0.772,95%CI:0.627~0.950)。结论0~3岁儿童屏幕暴露问题普遍,屏幕暴露程度易受到外界多种因素干扰,制定干预措施需考虑家庭养育环境的影响。

0-3岁学前幼儿音乐启蒙刍议

0-3岁期间的音乐启蒙对小朋友的音乐学习具有重要的作用。目前国内专门针对0-3岁学前幼儿的音乐类早教课程还不是很多,教学方法和教学材料等也不够全面。同时,家庭中缺乏对学前幼儿音乐培养应有的重视,这些都造成0-3岁阶段音乐启蒙的缺失。本论文重点研究0-3岁学前幼儿的音乐启蒙方法,主要从聆听、节奏感训练、培养音乐兴趣、音乐游戏这四个方面展开论述,找到切实可行的方法,更好的培养0-3岁学前幼儿的音乐能力。

0~3岁儿童血常规指标与25羟维生素D关系的横断面研究

目的分析0~3岁儿童血常规指标与25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]的关系。方法选取2018年1月至2022年12月在北京万柳美中宜和妇儿医院保健体检的851名0~3岁儿童纳入横断面研究。采用单因素相关及回归分析、多因素线性回归模型分析平均红细胞体积(MCV)与25(OH)D的关系。结果851名0~3岁儿童中,25(OH)D水平为16.75~212.95 nmol/L,平均(84.54±31.11)nmol/L,维生素D缺乏14例(1.65%),维生素D不足108例(12.69%),无维生素D过量;血红蛋白水平为83~151 g/L,轻度贫血66例(7.76%),中度贫血3例(0.35%),无重度贫血,总贫血率为8.11%;红细胞计数为(3.25~6.23)×10^(12)/L,MCV为52.8~98.8fl。25(OH)D低水平组与高水平组MCV、母亲生育年龄、体检月份比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素相关分析:Pearson相关系数(r)=0.105,P=0.001。单因素回归分析:方程检验F=9.401,P=0.002;回归系数β=0.737(95%CI 0.265~1.209),t=3.066,P=0.002。多因素线性回归分析显示,MCV与25(OH)D呈正相关;每年5月1日至10月31日体检的儿童25(OH)D水平较高;月龄增大,25(OH)D呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。结论0~3岁儿童MCV与25(OH)D水平呈正相关,可利用MCV作为25(OH)D变化的敏感指标,在血常规检查中发现MCV水平较低者可考虑关注其维生素D营养状况。

贯彻公平普惠理念,赋能家庭助力托育——芬兰0-3岁婴幼儿照护服务的主要做法及启示

芬兰政府历来高度重视婴幼儿早期发展,其早期儿童照护服务体系具有悠久历史。芬兰境内现已构建起政府主导,社会、家庭和社区等多主体广泛参与,以提供多样化的保教合一的早期儿童照护服务体系,包含中心式、家庭式及开放式三大服务模式。芬兰政府全力支持并保障家庭作为儿童早期照料主体,为家庭育儿提供充备的财政支持,以减轻家庭育儿负担。全覆盖、多类型、高质量的芬兰照护服务体系无疑可为正处于国家人口战略关键期的我国提供经验参考与借鉴。我国在推进婴幼儿普惠性照护服务体系的构建过程中应注意以家庭为核心,呼唤父职转向;健全治理体制,完善法律法规;建立生育经费保障机制,切实做好“照护兜底”工作。

中国0-3岁婴幼儿托育服务实践模式评估

本文提出七要素的新公共服务理论框架,包括理念、项目、方式、规范、机制、政策和效果。以七要素的新公共服务理论框架为基础,对中国0-3岁婴幼儿托育服务的实践模式进行识别和分类,在此基础上对不同模式的效果进行评估。研究发现政府主导模式、市场主导模式和企事业主导模式除在服务项目上较为相似,即大多都包括保育和早教项目,在理念、方式、规范、机制和政策上均存在较大的差异,从而导致了服务效果的不同。目前中国托育服务模式的主要问题是托育服务政策及管理的缺位。建议明确托育服务的公共服务地位,构建"政府主导、市场主体、社会参与、家庭补充"的多元供给体系。完善托育服务政策,制定行业相关标准。建立统筹协调的托育服务管理机制和监管机制,制定符合现阶段发展特征、科学、灵活的托育机构准入机制。加快托育从业人员的培养,鼓励高校、职校开设0-3岁婴幼儿托育相关专业,培养婴幼儿护理、早期教育等方面的专业人才。探索建立以社区为依托,包含不同教育理念、不同层次、灵活多样的托育服务体系。建立以托管照料为主、以早期教育为主及保教兼顾的满足不同托育需求的服务机构及全日制、半日制、计时制、假期托管等多样化托育服务方式。

0-3岁儿童早期教育师资培养的困境及建议

培养0-3岁儿童早期教育师资是办好0-3岁儿童早期教育的基础工作,培养足够数量的合格教师是当前0-3岁儿童早期教育发展过程中亟待解决的核心问题。文章从职前与职后两个角度分析了当前0-3岁儿童早期教育师资培养的现状和困境,思考并提出0-3岁儿童早期教育师资培养的建议,以供参考。

社区0-3岁婴幼儿早期教养指导服务体系构建初探

早期教育日益受到社会各界的重视,在探究构建社区0-3岁婴幼儿早期教养指导服务体系必然性的基础上,尝试提出构建社区0-3岁婴幼儿早期教养指导服务体系的应然状态:以政府为主导,各职能部门通力协作;以社区婴幼儿早期教养指导服务中心为依托,落实服务职责;以专业技术为基础,保证早期教养指导服务的质量;以公共财政供给为支撑,保障社区早期教养指导服务的开展;以个人消费为补充、社会力量共同参与,推进社区早期教养指导服务工作的进展。

改革开放以来我国0~3岁婴幼儿托育政策的文本分析

基于改革开放以来我国0~3岁婴幼儿托育政策的发布时间段、政策工具、托育服务发展要素构建三维分析框架,对我国相关托育政策进行编码和分析,结果发现:我国政府根据政策工具的特点,灵活运用不同政策手段来应对政策网络中不同政策的相互影响。其中,主要以权威和引导相结合的方式来发展托育服务体系,以释放政策信号、减少刚性约束等方式来调动市场积极性。但是,政策工具使用仍存在结构性失衡现象,因此,命令性工具、劝告性工具运用最为广泛。最受重视的托育服务发展要素是领导与投资、加强服务提供以及过程管理与监测;在各发展要素维度上,政策工具运用情况差异较大。建议根据托育行业需求,合理配置政策工具,依托数据平台,发展科学托育服务,提升政策工具与发展要素的契合度。

美国0-3岁儿童学习指南的发展及其启示

21世纪以来,美国各州相继制定并出台了0-3岁儿童学习指南,这一过程为我国相关文本的编制提供了宝贵的经验与启示。我国在编制0-3岁儿童学习指南的过程中应注意以下几点：确保连续性和严谨性;科学合理地划分发展的年龄阶段;考虑各地区、各民族文化和语言的差异;体现全纳教育思想,为特殊需要儿童提供支持和援助;突出＂学习品质＂领域的重要性;单独制定相关的0-3岁儿童早期教育机构标准;分别为家长和早期教育从业人员编写配合指南使用的资源包或指导手册,以及开发反映指南同时又便于操作的0-3岁儿童学习与发展评价工具。

0-3岁幼儿早期教育中存在的问题——以内蒙古乌兰察布市集宁区为例

0-3岁是大脑潜能开发的一个关键时期,对一个人的终身发展起着重要的奠基作用。本文重在探讨内蒙古乌兰察布市集宁区0-3岁幼儿早期教育中家长或监护人在教育观念、教育方式和教育行为等方面存在的问题。

0-3岁婴幼儿早期教育的家长育儿需求调查——以陕西省为例

0—3岁婴幼儿早期教育是是当今社会关注的焦点之一,了解家庭的育儿需求能有效提高早教服务质量,优化婴幼儿生存环境,促进婴幼儿的健康发展。采用问卷法,从早教的模式、课程、目标等方面对陕西地区531名0-3岁婴幼儿家长的育儿需求调研发现,家长期望幼儿园附设早教班,以亲子课程为主要形式,关注早教的师资等方面。据此分析,可通过幼儿园附设早教班,与社区合作等建构0-3岁婴幼儿早期教育公共服务体系;通过家长需求导向,发掘社区本土资源等提高亲子课程的实效性;通过招募有育儿经验的志愿者,持双证上岗等加强早教的质量保障,进而建构适宜于该地区的0-3岁婴幼儿早期教育服务体系。

永定门外社区0~3岁儿童心理行为发育问题现状及影响因素

目的:分析本辖区0~3岁儿童心理行为发育情况现状及影响因素。方法:选取2021年9月-2022年9月北京市东城区永定门外社区卫生服务中心保健科提供家庭医师签约式服务的500例健康体检儿童为研究对象,利用北京市妇幼信息管理系统对儿童及家属的一般资料进行回顾性调查,并通过检索儿童保健管理模块,对纳入儿童心理行为发育预警征筛查情况进行统计分析。分析儿童发育行为预警征筛查的阳性率,并对预警征阳性的儿童进行单、多因素分析。结果:在500例儿童中,儿童发育行为预警征筛查阳性率为8.20%,男童阳性率明显高于女童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);阳性与正常儿童的预警征阳性筛查率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根据logistic回归分析显示,父母文化程度、胎龄、出生体重、喂养方式、抚养人是影响儿童心理行为发育的主要因素(P<0.05)。结论:辖区0~3岁儿童在语言、社交、精细动作能区问题凸显,且受到多种因素的影响,应大力倡导家庭医生签约服务模式制定有利于社区儿童心理保健的应对策略,提高儿童心理行为保健,促进心理行为发育得到更好的发展。

浦东“0-3岁婴幼儿家庭阅读指导包”项目——“聚焦家庭”服务模式的实践与探索

本文以浦东图书馆“0–3岁婴幼儿家庭阅读指导包”项目为例,探究公共图书馆的低幼儿童服务模式由“关注儿童”到“聚焦家庭”的转变过程以及这一模式的特点与实质。采取文献调研、案例分析的方法,对“聚焦家庭”服务模式的本土化进行探索。浦东图书馆“0–3岁婴幼儿家庭阅读指导包”项目很好地诠释了“聚焦家庭”模式的实质,凸显了多元化社会合作网络、工具式阅读资源包、成长式家庭指导课程、立体式阅读推广活动、社群式沟通交流平台的自身特色,是“聚焦家庭”服务模式在中国的推广参照。