Rotating magnetic field inhibits Aβ protein aggregation and alleviates cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease mice

Amyloid beta(Aβ)monomers aggregate to form fibrils and amyloid plaques,which are critical mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Given the important role of Aβ1-42 aggregation in plaque formation,leading to brain lesions and cognitive impairment,numerous studies have aimed to reduce Aβaggregation and slow AD progression.The diphenylalanine(FF)sequence is critical for amyloid aggregation,and magnetic fields can affect peptide alignment due to the diamagnetic anisotropy of aromatic rings.In this study,we examined the effects of a moderate-intensity rotating magnetic field(RMF)on Aβaggregation and AD pathogenesis.Results indicated that the RMF directly inhibited Aβamyloid fibril formation and reduced Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in neural cells in vitro.Using the AD mouse model APP/PS1,RMF restored motor abilities to healthy control levels and significantly alleviated cognitive impairments,including exploration and spatial and non-spatial memory abilities.Tissue examinations demonstrated that RMF reduced amyloid plaque accumulation,attenuated microglial activation,and reduced oxidative stress in the APP/PS1 mouse brain.These findings suggest that RMF holds considerable potential as a non-invasive,high-penetration physical approach for AD treatment.

Design of a Landscape Device for Children from the Perspective of Embodied Cognition in the New Era

In recent years,embodied cognition has ushered in a new research upsurge in the academic field,and has become a hot topic in the field of cognitive psychology.In this paper,from the perspective of embodied cognition,the interaction ways of a landscape device for children were discussed to achieve a more real and harmonious interaction between children and scenes.The research data of embodied cognition used by children was analyzed,and the drawbacks and breakthrough points of current landscape devices for children were discussed.The core characteristics of children’s growth period were extracted to establish children’s interaction model and summarize the interactive design methods of landscape devices for children.Embodied cognition has become the most intuitive way for children to know and understand the environment,and plays a pivotal role in children’s growth.Based on embodied cognition principle and interactive behavior mode,the interactive design of a landscape device for children was studied,and three interactive design modes,including simple and convenient interaction mode,multi-sensory interaction mode and game natural interaction mode were summarized.On the basis of this research,relevant design practice and research were carried out to bring a new vision to the design of children’s landscape.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote neurogenesis and cognitive function recovery in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes can enhance neural plasticity and improve cognitive impairment.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on neurogenesis and cognitive capacity in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.Alzheimer’s disease mouse models were established by injection of beta amyloid 1?42 aggregates into dentate gyrus bilaterally.Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests were performed to evaluate mouse cognitive deficits at 14 and 28 days after administration.Afterwards,neurogenesis in the subventricular zone was determined by immunofluorescence using doublecortin and PSA-NCAM antibodies.Results showed that mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes stimulated neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and alleviated beta amyloid 1?42-induced cognitive impairment,and these effects are similar to those shown in the mesenchymal stem cells.These findings provide evidence to validate the possibility of developing cell-free therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease.All procedures and experiments were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(CICUAL)(approval No.CICUAL 2016-011)on April 25,2016.

Research on Children’s Game Activity Design Strategies Based on Embodied Cognition Theory

Edutainment,in the kindergarten education stage,emphasizes the game as the basic activity and combines the content of education with the form of the game,thus it also forms the educational method of gamification teaching.Through investigation and analysis,it is found that the current kindergarten game activity design has the problem of improper combination of educational content and game form.The current kindergarten game activity design has problems such as stereotypes,children’s lack of active learning opportunities in activities,teachers’insufficient theoretical understanding,inappropriate teacher guidance methods,and so on.Embodied cognition theory attaches importance to the important role of the body in the development of cognition,provides new guidance for classroom teaching,and opens up a new path for classroom teaching reform.Based on the perspective of embodied cognition theory,the concept of body and mind integration should be adhered to in kindergarten teaching with games as the basic activity,experiential teaching situation should be created,children’s subjective experience should be respected,and games and interactions should be designed to promote children’s physical and mental participation,thus laying a foundation for the realization of children’s individual freedom,autonomy,and all-round development.Therefore,this paper aims at the existing problems in the current kindergarten gamification teaching and discusses the design strategy of children’s game activities based on embodied cognition theory.

Amelioration of Alzheimer's disease pathology and cognitive deficits by immunomodulatory agents in animal models of Alzheimer's disease

The most common age-related neurodegenerative disease is Alzheimer's disease(AD) characterized by aggregated amyloid-β(Aβ) peptides in extracellular plaques and aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein in intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles,together with loss of cholinergic neurons,synaptic alterations,and chronic inflammation within the brain.These lead to progressive impairment of cognitive function.There is evidence of innate immune activation in AD with microgliosis.Classically-activated microglia(M1 state) secrete inflammatory and neurotoxic mediators,and peripheral immune cells are recruited to inflammation sites in the brain.The few drugs approved by the US FDA for the treatment of AD improve symptoms but do not change the course of disease progression and may cause some undesirable effects.Translation of active and passive immunotherapy targeting Aβ in AD animal model trials had limited success in clinical trials.Treatment with immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory agents early in the disease process,while not preventive,is able to inhibit the inflammatory consequences of both Aβ and tau aggregation.The studies described in this review have identified several agents with immunomodulatory properties that alleviated AD pathology and cognitive impairment in animal models of AD.The majority of the animal studies reviewed had used transgenic models of early-onset AD.More effort needs to be given to creat models of late-onset AD.The effects of a combinational therapy involving two or more of the tested pharmaceutical agents,or one of these agents given in conjunction with one of the cell-based therapies,in an aged animal model of AD would warrant investigation.

An Intervention Study of Language Cognition and Emotional Speech Community Method for Children’s Speech Disorders

Speech disorders are a common type of childhood disease.Through experimental intervention,this study aims to improve the vocabulary comprehension levels and language ability of children with speech disorders through the language cognition and emotional speech community method.We also conduct a statistical analysis of the inter-ventional effect.Among children with speech disorders in Dongguan City,224 were selected and grouped accord-ing to their receptive language ability and IQ.The 112 children in the experimental group(EG)received speech therapy with language cognitive and emotional speech community,while the 112 children in the control group(CG)only received conventional treatment.After six months of experimental intervention,the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised(PPVT-R)was used to test the language ability of the two groups.Overall,we employed a quantitative approach to obtain numerical values,examine the variables identified,and test hypotheses.Further-more,we used descriptive statistics to explore the research questions related to the study and statistically describe the overall distribution of the demographic variables.The statistical t-test was used to analyze the data.The data shows that after intervention through language cognition and emotional speech community therapy,the PPVT-R score of the EG was significantly higher than that of the CG.Therefore,we conclude that there is a significant difference in language ability between the EG and CG after the therapy.Although both groups improved,the post-therapy language level of EG is significantly higher than that of CG.The total effective rate in EG is higher than CG,and the difference is statistically significant(p<0.05).Therefore,we conclude that the language cogni-tion and emotional speech community method is effective as an interventional treatment of children’s speech dis-orders and that it is more effective than traditional treatment methods.

Can mouse models mimic sporadic Alzheimer’s disease?

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia worldwide.As age is the main risk factor,>97%of all AD cases are of sporadic origin,potentiated by various risk factors associated with life style and starting at an age>60 years.Only<3%of AD cases are of genetic origin caused by mutations in the amyloid precursor protein or Presenilins 1 or 2,and symptoms already start at an age<30 years.In order to study progression of AD,as well as therapeutic strategies,mouse models are state-of-the-art.So far many transgenic mouse models have been developed and used,with mutations in the APP or presenilin or combinations(3×Tg,5×Tg).However,such transgenic mouse models more likely mimic the genetic form of AD and no information can be given how sporadic forms develop.Several risk genes,such as Apolipoprotein E4 and TREM-2 enhance the risk of sporadic AD,but also many risk factors associated with life style(e.g.,diabetes,hypercholesterolemia,stress)may play a role.In this review we discuss the current situation regarding AD mouse models,and the problems to develop a sporadic mouse model of AD.

Context Model in Chinese and American Reports on Yangtze Sunken Ship

Two pieces of news reports on Yangtze Sunken Ship event are analyzed in this essay to prove the influence of context model in news reports discourse by comparative analysis approach. Through illustrating the different expressions in these reports discourse, the process how cognition(or context model) influences and determines the production and understanding of discourse has been demonstrated.

Nature or Nurture—On the Development of Children's Language

Referring to children's development,especially the development of children's language,there is a question that people are very interested in,that is,does the development of children's language on earth depend on innate inheritance or postnatal environment? In order to answer this question,this paper begins with the definition of the development of children's language,then,expounds some theories on language acquisition,finally,finds out the crucial factors influencing the development of children's language.

对儿童英语词汇认知学习策略的数理逻辑思考——从笑话Class,Lass,Ass的玩味谈起

本文通过利用数学符号和逻辑概念对英语词汇进行有序的推导,找到英语词汇之间在音、形、义和词类等方面的数理逻辑关联性,提出从数理逻辑的角度培养儿童英语词汇认知学习策略应该侧重于复述、精细化、组织策略以形成英语词汇识记和初步的应用策略。其中的代数序列儿童英语词汇认知学习策略集数学中的集合、代数式、序列和逻辑概念以及语言学中的最小对立体、词缀法等知识为一体,其游戏性和发散性符合儿童的心智特征,有利于儿童主动发挥数理逻辑能力,探索英语学习的规律,促进儿童的外语能力和数学认知能力同步发展。

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its impairment in Alzheimer's disease

Adult neurogenesis is the creation of new neurons which integrate into the existing neural circuit of the adult brain.Recent evidence suggests that adult hippocampal neurogenesis(AHN)persists throughout life in mammals,including humans.These newborn neurons have been implicated to have a crucial role in brain functions such as learning and memory.Importantly,studies have also found that hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases.Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is one of the most common forms of dementia affecting millions of people.Cognitive dysfunction is a common symptom of AD patients and progressive memory loss has been attributed to the degeneration of the hippocampus.Therefore,there has been growing interest in identifying how hippocampal neurogenesis is affected in AD.However,the link between cognitive decline and changes in hippocampal neurogenesis in AD is poorly understood.In this review,we summarized the recent literature on AHN and its impairments in AD.

A new age in understanding adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease

Several lines of evidence have established that proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons within the sub-granular zone of the dentate gyrus,a process named adult hippocampal neurogenesis,contribute to maintaining healthy cognitive functions throughout life.The rate of adult hippocampal neurogenesis decreases with aging and a premature impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been observed both in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and human post-mortem tissues.The causal relationship between adult hippocampal neurogenesis and the development of Alzheimer’s disease pathology has,however,not been established.This is partly due to the limitation of recapitulating the development of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in rodent models and the lack of translatable biomarkers to identify tractable targets in humans.While it is tempting to postulate that adult hippocampal neurogenesis could be leveraged to improve cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease,consensual results have yet to be reached to fully explore this hypothesis.In this review,we discuss how the recent progress in identifying molecular pathways in adult hippocampal neurogenesis provides a good framework to initiate strategies for drug-based intervention in neurodegenerative diseases,especially in Alzheimer’s disease.We outline how discrepancies in pre-clinical disease models and experimental methodology have resulted in contradictory findings and propose a shift towards using more translatable approaches to model neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease.In particular,we review how exploring novel experimental paradigms including the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells and more complex cell culture systems,as well as standardizing protocols used to investigate evidence of neurogenesis in human tissues,could deliver deeper mechanistic insights that would kick-start innovative drug discovery efforts to promote healthy aging and cellular rejuvenation.

基于M&S模型的分布式认知无线电网络时间同步机制

针对分布式认知无线电网络(DCRN)中节点时间同步的问题,提出一种基于M&S同步模型的节点协作式时间同步机制。首先,选定的主用户(PU)通过控制信道将其空闲频谱列表广播到邻居节点,以确定节点对之间的可用公共信道;然后,邻居节点以该PU节点为参考,在公共信道上发送同步信息,并通过M&S同步模型调整内部计时器,从而实现时钟同步;经过多次迭代,最终实现全网时间同步。实验结果表明,该方案能够实现DCRN的时间同步,同时具有较快的收敛速度和较低的开销。

Health Promotion Model: An Integrative Literature Review

Background: The Health Promotion Model (HPM) indicates that each person is a biopsychosocial creature that is partially shaped by the environment, but also seeks to create an environment in which inherent and acquired human potential can be fully expressed. The HPM is proposed as a holistic predictive model of health-promoting behavior for use in research and practice. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to examine how the HPM has been applied in various research studies. Methods: An integrative review was used to find studies that were guided by the HPM. Data search was between 2008 to 2018 using Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EBSCO, Cochrane, ERIC, Joanna Briggs Institute and EBSCO host. The keywords used were Pender’s and Health Promotion Model. Results: Seventeen studies were reviewed;most of them were quantitative studies. These studies discussed variables from the HPM. Most of the study variables were measured using instruments derived from the HPM. The results of the reviewed studies revealed that the HPM had predictive value in estimating health-promoting behaviors. Conclusion: The HPM was widely established in the nursing community and was implemented in nursing practice, education, and research. In addition, the HPM constructs were used to hypothesize conceptual frameworks in many studies to predict health-promoting behaviors in many chronic diseases.

基于分级阅读理念的公共图书馆少儿荐读服务路径研究——以ISMAS模型为视角

文章以分级阅读理念为指导,将ISMAS模型应用于公共图书馆少儿荐读服务实践,提出了可有效增强少儿阅读意愿与阅读能力的实践策略:设计中文分级荐读指导体系,全面获取少儿阅读需求;改进少儿分级荐读方法,激发少儿参与阅读的内生动力;营造分级荐读互动环境,培养少儿分级阅读行为倾向。

方位隐喻认知视域下儿童绘本的意义构建分析——以The Three Pigs为例

结合认知概念隐喻理论和视觉语法理论,以绘本The Three Pigs为研究语料,探讨儿童绘本如何通过各空间要素的分配和组织来构建人际意义、语篇意义和概念意义,突出作者的创作目的,影响读者的思维和认知体验,以期为儿童阅读和理解绘本提供新的视角,同时为儿童绘本的创作和教学提供一定的参考.

基于儿童认知心理的盐业历史博物馆体验设计研究

自贡市盐业历史博物馆是集教育、审美和互动为一体的公共文化场所,是儿童接收井盐文化教育的关键途径。基于儿童认知心理和体验EEI模型,梳理儿童认知下的体验设计框架,并结合盐业历史博物馆体验现状,归纳运算阶段儿童的体验形式,并同时辅助非结构式访谈和用户旅程图,提炼儿童认知下的盐业历史博物馆体验需求和体验痛点。最后,从感知、思维、记忆三个认知层次出发,提出面向儿童的盐业博物馆体验设计策略,旨在提升其教育功能,促进运算阶段儿童深化对井盐文化的感知与理解,全面深化井盐文化的体验。

白血病患儿父母疾病进展恐惧发展轨迹及影响因素分析

目的探究白血病患儿父母疾病进展恐惧发展轨迹及影响因素,为实施干预提供借鉴。方法采用前瞻性纵向研究设计,2022年10月—2023年7月采取便利抽样法选取符合抽样标准的187名白血病患儿父母作为研究对象,分别在确诊后1个月末,确诊后3个月末和确诊后6个月末调查其疾病进展恐惧水平。使用潜变量增长混合模型识别轨迹类别,使用CART算法建立白血病患儿父母疾病进展恐惧影响因素的决策树分类模型。结果白血病患儿父母疾病进展恐惧轨迹可以分为低水平恐惧上升组(10.0%)、中水平恐惧下降组(31.3%)和高水平恐惧下降组(58.7%)。结果显示,婚姻状况、病情危重程度、自悯和认知融合影响白血病患儿父母疾病进展恐惧发展轨迹类别(均P<0.05)。决策树分类模型分析显示认知融合是根节点,内部节点为患儿病情危重程度、婚姻状况和自悯。结论白血病患儿父母疾病进展恐惧存在3条不同的发展轨迹,决策树显示认知融合是最重要的影响因素,其次为患儿疾病严重程度、婚姻状况和自悯,需尽早针对可能的影响因素实施疾病进展恐惧干预。

老年人认知状态转移规律及其影响因素研究

目的了解老年人认知状态转移规律及其影响因素,为认知障碍早期干预提供科学依据。方法基于ADNI数据,选取基线年龄≥60岁且至少完成一次随访的受试者为研究对象,认知状态分为认知正常(normal cognition,CN)、轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)和阿尔兹海默症(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)三类。采用多状态Markov模型探索三种认知状态间的转移规律以及年龄、性别、教育程度、是否携带APOE4等位基因、婚姻状况等对认知状态转移的影响。结果共纳入1907名受试者的10073条记录,基线年龄73.9±6.45岁,平均随访6.6次。多状态Markov模型拟合发现,MCI发展至AD的转移强度是其逆转为CN的2.88倍(0.118 vs.0.041);处于CN的受试者,10年后仍处于CN的概率较第一年降低33.6%,而发展为MCI和AD的概率比第一年分别增加了约3倍和55倍;处于MCI的受试者,10年后仍为MCI的概率仅为0.238,而发展为AD的概率是其逆转概率的3.95倍(0.608 vs.0.154)。此外,CN和MCI状态的平均停留时间分别为18.43年和6.30年。多因素分析发现,性别为男、高龄、低教育程度和携带APOE4等位基因会增加MCI的发病风险。结论随着时间的推移,老年人认知功能呈下降趋势,高龄、低教育年限和携带APOE4基因是认知下降的危险因素。

最低工资标准提升对女性育儿时间的影响研究

当前我国经济面临着较为复杂的外部发展环境和内部多重挑战,这使我国低收入家庭尤其女性家庭成员存在较大的收入不确定性,这些变化将会对女性的工作(有酬劳动)和育儿(照料子女)的选择产生深刻影响。尽管已有研究广泛探讨了女性所面临的工作-育儿冲突问题,但现实生活中我国女性在二者之间究竟会作何选择并可能引致何种后果则少有文献涉及。文章借助最低工资政策的实施,构建理论模型刻画女性在面临增收机会情境下育儿时间的选择机制,以期加深理解低收入女性在工作和育儿之间的权衡难题。文章还利用子女的未来健康状况变化进一步考察女性育儿时间决策的后果,为上述问题的分析提供补充证据。在此基础上,采用2004—2015年中国健康与营养调查数据和同期各区县的最低工资标准进行系统的实证检验。结果显示最低工资标准提升对低收入女性育儿时间具有显著负向影响,该结论在经过一系列内生性分析和稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析表明最低工资标准提升主要通过提高女性参与劳动的概率和工作时间产生作用,这一结论为低收入女性用工作替代育儿的事实提供了直接证据。异质性分析表明:处于生育平稳期、子女年龄为4~6岁或父辈健康状况较好的女性因具有更高的育儿弹性,育儿时间受到的负向影响更强,同时技能水平更低或工作搜寻难度更小的女性育儿时间同样也更容易受到最低工资政策的不利影响。进一步研究发现最低工资标准提升对短期内子女的身心健康具有显著负向影响,且均可归因于女性育儿时间的减少,这也为文章中的核心结论提供了补充性证据。据此建议政府部门推动建立父亲育儿假制度,加强对托儿机构的普遍监管和支持,鼓励企业为女性群体提供灵活的工作时间和工作模式,聚焦低技能、低学历女性群体的职业技能培训和教育提升,增强其就业竞争力,同时加强最低工资政策的执行力度,确保小时工资标准得到遵守,防止企业延长工作时间。这些措施有助于弥补女性育儿时间减少导致的不利后果,构建合理的生育支持政策体系。