A major concern from the scientific community has been raised since evidence of Bisphenol A(BP-A)can leach out from the products where they are incorporated as well as its endocrine disrupting effects observed in anim...A major concern from the scientific community has been raised since evidence of Bisphenol A(BP-A)can leach out from the products where they are incorporated as well as its endocrine disrupting effects observed in animals and humans.BP-A and several related chemicals such as Bisphenol AP(BP-AP),Bisphenol B(BPeB),Bisphenol S(BPeS),Bisphenol AF(BP-AF),Bisphenol(BPeP),Bisphenol Z(BP-Z)were analyzed in this study.BP-A and BP-S were the only bisphenols detected in the samples analyzed in this study.The median(range;mean)concentrations of BP-A found in this study was 321 ng/g(11-200932;4893 ng/g).The analysis was carried out by sonicating 0.1 g of a cryo-milled sample aliquot in methanol followed by UPLC-MS/MS determination.High concentrations of BP-A were found in several products labeled as BP-A free such as nursing bottles which are particularly problematic from the children's exposure point of view.This study presents the first reliable bisphenols in children's toys and baby products commercialized in the Middle East.There is,however,a need to continue monitoring these compounds,especially in low-cost toys,and the so-called BP-A-free products,which appear to have high levels of target contaminants and can pose an exposure risk for infants and children in the region.展开更多
Objective:The present study evaluates the concurrent and predictive validity of the Seguin Form Board Test(SFBT)as an intelligence tool for children in low-and middle-income countries.Methods:In a cohort of normal chi...Objective:The present study evaluates the concurrent and predictive validity of the Seguin Form Board Test(SFBT)as an intelligence tool for children in low-and middle-income countries.Methods:In a cohort of normal children,followed up in South India,two cross-sectional analyses were done at 3 and 7 years of age on 95 children.The SFBT and Vineland Social Matu-rity Scale(VSMS)were done at 3 years of age and Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children(MISIC)and the VSMS were done at 7 years of age,and the results were compared for concurrent and predictive validity for the SFBT.Results:Intelligence quotient and social quotient had positive correlations at 3 years of age,indicating fair concurrent validity.The SFBT done at around 3 years of age had good positive cor-relation with MISIC at 7 years of age,indicating good predictive validity.Conclusion:This study shows the utility of the SFBT as a community-based intelligence tool with acceptable concurrent and predictive validity.展开更多
基金Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences(KFAS)for funding the project Chemical Safety of Children's Toys and Baby Products Sold in the State of Kuwait:A Preliminary Assessment(PR17-41BO-01).
文摘A major concern from the scientific community has been raised since evidence of Bisphenol A(BP-A)can leach out from the products where they are incorporated as well as its endocrine disrupting effects observed in animals and humans.BP-A and several related chemicals such as Bisphenol AP(BP-AP),Bisphenol B(BPeB),Bisphenol S(BPeS),Bisphenol AF(BP-AF),Bisphenol(BPeP),Bisphenol Z(BP-Z)were analyzed in this study.BP-A and BP-S were the only bisphenols detected in the samples analyzed in this study.The median(range;mean)concentrations of BP-A found in this study was 321 ng/g(11-200932;4893 ng/g).The analysis was carried out by sonicating 0.1 g of a cryo-milled sample aliquot in methanol followed by UPLC-MS/MS determination.High concentrations of BP-A were found in several products labeled as BP-A free such as nursing bottles which are particularly problematic from the children's exposure point of view.This study presents the first reliable bisphenols in children's toys and baby products commercialized in the Middle East.There is,however,a need to continue monitoring these compounds,especially in low-cost toys,and the so-called BP-A-free products,which appear to have high levels of target contaminants and can pose an exposure risk for infants and children in the region.
基金The cohort study was supported by Wellcome Trust grant no.063144.
文摘Objective:The present study evaluates the concurrent and predictive validity of the Seguin Form Board Test(SFBT)as an intelligence tool for children in low-and middle-income countries.Methods:In a cohort of normal children,followed up in South India,two cross-sectional analyses were done at 3 and 7 years of age on 95 children.The SFBT and Vineland Social Matu-rity Scale(VSMS)were done at 3 years of age and Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children(MISIC)and the VSMS were done at 7 years of age,and the results were compared for concurrent and predictive validity for the SFBT.Results:Intelligence quotient and social quotient had positive correlations at 3 years of age,indicating fair concurrent validity.The SFBT done at around 3 years of age had good positive cor-relation with MISIC at 7 years of age,indicating good predictive validity.Conclusion:This study shows the utility of the SFBT as a community-based intelligence tool with acceptable concurrent and predictive validity.
