Inflammatory bowel disease: A descriptive study of 716 local Chilean patients

AIM: To demographically and clinically characterize inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from the local registry and update data previously published by our group.METHODS: A descriptive study of a cohort based on a registry of patients aged 15 years or older who were diagnosed with IBD and attended the IBD program at Clínica Las Condes in Santiago, Chile. The registry was created in April 2012 and includes patients registered up to October 2015. The information was anonymously downloaded in a monthly report, and the information on patients with more than one visit was updated. The registry includes demographic, clinical and disease characteristics, including the Montreal Classification, medical treatment, surgeries and hospitalizations for crisis. Data regarding infection with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) were incorporated in the registry in 2014. Data for patients who received consultations as second opinions and continued treatment at this institution were also analyzed.RESULTS: The study included 716 patients with IBD: 508 patients (71%) were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC), 196 patients (27%) were diagnosed with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 12 patients (2%) were diagnosed with unclassifiable IBD. The UC/CD ratio was 2.6/1. The median age was 36 years (range 16-88), and 58% of the patients were female, with a median age at diagnosis of 29 years (range 5-76). In the past 15 years, a sustained increase in the number of patients diagnosed with IBD was observed, where 87% of the patients were diagnosed between the years 2001 and 2015. In the cohort examined in the present study, extensive colitis (50%) and colonic involvement (44%) predominated in the patients with UC and CD, respectively. In CD patients, non-stricturing/non-penetrating behavior was more frequent (80%), and perianal disease was observed in 28% of the patients. There were significant differences in treatment between UC and CD, with a higher use of corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive and biological therapies was observed in the patients with CD (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Significant surgical differences were also observed: 5% of the UC patients underwent surgery, whereas 38% of the CD patients required at least one surgery (P < 0.01). The patients with CD were hospitalized more often during their disease course than the patients with UC (55% and 35% of the patients, respectively; P < 0.01). C. difficile infection was acquired by 5% of the patients in each group at some point during the disease course. Nearly half of the patients consulted at the institution for a second opinion, and 32% of these individuals continued treatment at the institution.CONCLUSION: IBD has continued to increase in the study cohort, slowly approaching the level reported in developed countries.

China:Political, Social, and Economic Reforms from 1700s to the Present

Chinese social and economic history is both influenced by and,to a certain extent,married with Chinese political regimes.Various political dynasties from the past have each exercised significant control of Chinese social and economic environments,and continue to exert influence even to the present day.Three of these influential periods include the Kang Qian Flourishing Age(1723-1796),the Qing Dynasty Decline(1800s-1912),and the People’s Republic of China Communist Control(1949-present).A review and in-depth examination of each regime helps to both understand where China is today and also how it is likely to evolve in the future.

Reform of Japan’s Land Planning and Implications to China

This paper first briefly summarized the current state of exploration and construction of China’s land space planning.Then,it analyzed Japan’s land planning reform,studied its spatial planning process and explored relevant reform paths to obtain relevant experience.Through analyzing and summarizing the experience in the exploration of Japan’s land space planning in combination with China’s specific national conditions,it is intended to draw implications for China’s land space planning in the new era,in order to provide references for the future operation of related actual projects of land planning and exploration of related strategic theories.

Ce_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_(2)氧载体耦合S-1分子筛对化学链反应性能的影响

在Ce_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_(2)氧载体中添加不同质量S-1分子筛,并利用XRD、BET、XPS、SEM、TEM和CH4-TPR&CO_(2)-TPO等表征对氧载体的物化特性和反应性能进行了研究。考察了S-1分子筛添加量对Ce_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_(2)氧载体在化学链甲烷重整耦合CO_(2)还原反应中的性能的影响。与单纯的Ce_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_(2)氧载体相比,添加了0.3 g S-1分子筛后复合氧载体的比表面积明显增大,从15.44 m^(2)/g提高至73.27 m^(2)/g。同时热稳定性和结构稳定性也得到了很大的改善。添加了0.3 g S-1分子筛的复合氧载体CH4转化率由38.93%提升至56.03%,CO_(2)还原过程中CO产率由1.18 mmol/g增加至2.16 mmol/g。

UNITED NATION'S REFORM IN PROSPECT

Soon after Kofi Annan assumed his office as the new Secretary-General of theUnited Nations,he declared his determination to quicken the pace of the UN’s reform with the purpose of enabling the world body to serve its member states thebetter.If successful,the reform will no doubt bring the 52-years-old

China is Attractive to Chile's Food Industry

This October is the tenth anniversary of the SinoChilean free trade agreement,which was the first free trade agreement China signed with a non-ASEAN country.Now,a decade later,China is the largest importer and exporter and trade partner of Chile,accounting for 28%of Chile’s foreign trade volume.As a gift to the tenth anniversary,since

Opening-up Domestic Bond Market in the Support of China’s Supply-Side Reform

This paper studies the opening-up of domestic bond market in the support of China’s supply-side reform by examining the five core elements about the reform,namely overcapacity trimming,inventory de-stocking,financial deleveraging,cost reduction,and improvement of weak links in the economy.By examining the relationship between bond market opening-up and each element of the reform,the paper comes to the conclusion that the opening-up of domestic bond market is supportive to China’s supply-side reform.

Reform of China's Financial System

Since 1979 China has adopted a series of measures to reform its financial system. These measures involved establishing the macro control system of the central bank. setting up policy banks, perfecting the financial organization system, developing commercial banks and the monetary market, and reforming the foreign currency management system. The reforms of the past 15 years have brought great changes to China’s financial system. The old unified banking system was broken and diversified financing institutes emerged. Now a financial system comprising the central bank, specialized banks, commercial banks, insurance companics, trust

CHINA'S TAX SYSTEM REFORM

Since the beginning of 1994,Chinahas conducted a series of majorreform of the systems of taxation,finance,foreign trade and investment,achieving remarkable progress,whichhas played a good role in promotingthe establishment and developmentof the socialist market economic system.Not long ago,Xiang Huaicheng,DeputyDirector-General of the State TaxationBureau,made an introduction to thestate of China’s tax system reform anddevelopment trend to Chinese andforeign reporters.

Deepening China's Investment System Reform——The State Development Investment Corporation

The Chinese government set up the State Development Bank against the background of the Chinese economic system being transformed from planned to market. In May 1995, the State Development Investment Corporation was established. Does this mean that China’s investment system reform is advancing at a much

Panorama of China＇s Economic Reforms since 1949

This paper presents an overview of China＇s economic development and reform over the past 60 years, mapping out the course of how Chinese people overcame ideological fetters constraints, redirected reform despite barriers and deviations, and brought into contrast the distinction between government and the market.In summary, it reinforces the fact that further reofrm is the only answer to China＇s complex economic contradictions.

Rethinking China's pension reform——The relevance of international experiences

Pension funds remain scarce no matter what institutional design is adopted. China has a host of unique issues facing its pension system,issues that must be confronted; for instance,the disappearance of its demographic dividends and legacy costs incurred due to institutional transition. Such features determine that China’s pension system is merely passable at the present time. In this article,Professor Cai Fang offers new and incisive perspectives on this issue,such as the potential stimulus for economic growth by ageing people’s desire to save money for old-age provisions.

The countryside and origins of China's reform

China's 30 years of reform have achieved tremendous success and a transformation of the country.Amazingly,however,this grand endeavor began in an anonymous rural village in which the f irst breakthroughs were made.How did China's reform begin in the countryside? Why were the initial breakthroughs made there? What is its significance? This article elaborates on these questions,urging that we should carry out a scientific outlook on development in the spirit of the 17th Party Congress,and steadfastly deepen the rural reform of rural.Research into these issues will help us gain a deeper understanding of the rural reform.

Research on the Teaching Reform of Women’s Clothing Design Course under the Background of Cultural and Creative Industry Development

With the rapid development of China’s cultural and creative industries,the influence of cultural and creative ideas in fashion design is increasing,and art talents with innovative ability have become hot objects in the society.As the cradle of fashion design talents training and output,colleges and universities in our country shoulder the important task of training fashion design talents in the new period.In the current clothing design curriculum reform,school enterprise cooperation and collaborative innovation have become an important development direction.Under this background,this paper analyzes the teaching reform path of women’s clothing design course in Colleges and universities.

Minister Zhang Haoruo on China's Circulation Reform

While China’s internal market potential is getting more and more tempting, Minister Zhang Haoruo of Internal Trade says in the years to come the retail, wholesale and material sectors will be freed up for foreign investment. Foreign businessmen will be welcome to compete in China. The Minister disclose "t that 11 cities had been approved to experiment

Since Reform and Opening the Change Course of People＇s Congress System

Since the reform and opening up, people＇ s congress system has gone through four stages of development, is to restore respectively, the initial development, further strengthen and improve, deepen the development stage. From four stages of development, we can draw the four laws since the reform and opening up people＇ s congress system changes that adhere to the party＇ s leadership, adapt to changes in the economic system, in theory and in practice, innovation in the legal, institutional design and constantly improve the standard. Four stages and the four laws draw people＇ s congress system experiences, the study of people＇ s congress system in future developments of great significance.

Vice Premier Zhu Rongji on China's Reform and Development

Zhu Rongji, Vice Premier of the State Council of China, on January 27, 1995, made a speech "on China’s Reform and Development" at the World Economic Forum held in Davos in Switzerland. He gave a briefing on China’s reform and opening up and economic development.

China's Reform:Cracking the Nuts in 1994

A number of crucial decisions on the market process of China’s national economy in 1994 were made toward the end of 1993 at the National Economic Work Meeting and the national meetings on planning, system reform, banking, budget and trade. It aroused worldwide attention about "cracking the nuts" and "comprehensive advances and key breakthroughs" were mentioned in these large-scale reform plans.

Policy Towards Gender Equality in Employment in a Globalizing Economy——An outline of the analysis report on the impacts of China's economic reform on women employment

1.This study is one of The Applied Economic Institutes Linkages Project(AERIL)which is funded by theCanadian International Development Agency(CIDA)and jiontly managed by The Conference Board of Canada(CBOC)and the International Trade Research Institute in China.It is jointly implemented by the Institute ofEconomic Research of the Chinese State Planning Commission and the North—South Institute of Canada。

Asian and African Officials’ Views on China’s 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up

China＇s reform and opening-up policy, which started in 1978, has become more effective. The success of reform and opening-up has transformed China from a low-income country to one of the world＇s largest econo- mies today. In my view, the success of China＇s develop- ment lies in the country greatly reducing the number of people living in poverty. According to the World Bank, hundreds of millions of Chinese people have been lifted out of extreme poverty.