How can technology and efficiency alleviate the dilemma of economic growth and carbon emissions in China's industrial economy? A metafrontier decoupling decomposition analysis

This paper attempts to explore the decoupling relationship and its drivers between industrial economic increase and energy-related CO_(2) emissions(ICE). Firstly, the decoupling relationship was evaluated by Tapio index. Then, based on the DEA meta-frontier theory framework which taking into account the regional and industrial heterogeneity and index decomposition method, the driving factors of decoupling process were explored mainly from the view of technology and efficiency. The results show that during2000-2019, weak decoupling was the primary state. Investment scale expansion was the largest reason hindering decoupling process of industrial increase from ICE. Both energy saving and production technology achieved significant progress, which facilitated the decoupling process. Simultaneously, the energy technology gap and production technology gap among regions have been narrowed, and played a role in promoting decoupling process. On the contrary, both scale economy efficiency and pure technical efficiency have inhibiting effects on decoupling process. The former indicates that the scale economy of China's industry was not conducive to improve energy efficiency and production efficiency, while the latter indicates that resource misallocation problem may exist in both energy market and product market.

China's Maritime Governance:Practical Evolution and Theoretical Construction

Increasingly engaged in maritime governance,China has developed its distinct vision and gradually established a complete theoretical system surrounding it.In terms of discourse,China has proposed a collection of concepts and ideas including a maritime community with a shared future,the 2lst Century Maritime Silk Road,Blue Partnerships,and marine ecological civilization.In terms of connotations,China champions such values as lasting peace,common prosperity,openness and inclusiveness,and cleanness and beautifulness.Exteriorly and interiorly,we can observe the unique character of China's vision concerning maritime governance,which will continue to upgrade and bear fruit in future practices,boosting the development of Chinese maritime governance theories,multilateral maritime cooperation,and ocean-related international legislation.Guided by its vision,China is expected to contribute more to global maritime security and marine ecological civilization.

Multi-scenario Simulation and Spatial-temporal Analysis of LUCC in China's Coastal Zone Based on Coupled SD-FLUS Model

Increased human activities in China's coastal zone have resulted in the depletion of ecological land resources.Thus,conducting current and future multi-scenario simulation research on land use and land cover change(LUCC)is crucial for guiding the healthy and sustainable development of coastal zones.System dynamic(SD)-future land use simulation(FLUS)model,a coupled simulation model,was developed to analyze land use dynamics in China's coastal zone.This model encompasses five scenarios,namely,SSP1-RCP2.6(A),SSP2-RCP4.5(B),SSP3-RCP4.5(C),SSP4-RCP4.5(D),and SSP5-RCP8.5(E).The SD model simulates land use demand on an annual basis up to the year 2100.Subsequently,the FLUS model determines the spatial distribution of land use for the near term(2035),medium term(2050),and long term(2100).Results reveal a slowing trend in land use changes in China's coastal zone from 2000–2020.Among these changes,the expansion rate of construction land was the highest and exhibited an annual decrease.By 2100,land use predictions exhibit high accuracy,and notable differences are observed in trends across scenarios.In summary,the expansion of production,living,and ecological spaces toward the sea remains prominent.Scenario A emphasizes reduced land resource dependence,benefiting ecological land protection.Scenario B witnesses an intensified expansion of artificial wetlands.Scenario C sees substantial land needs for living and production,while Scenario D shows coastal forest and grassland shrinkage.Lastly,in Scenario E,the conflict between humans and land intensifies.This study presents pertinent recommendations for the future development,utilization,and management of coastal areas in China.The research contributes valuable scientific support for informed,long-term strategic decision making within coastal regions.

Housing Reform: The Impact on China's Macroeconomy

MajorinstitutionalbreakthroughsinChina’surbanhousingsectorhavebeenproposedbythenewcentraladministrationsinceearly1998.Somemeasuresarenowineffect.ThispaperwishestoassesstheimpactoftheurbanhousingreformonChina’smacroeconomicmovement.Partonebriefsthegen...

Cenozoic giant coal-bearing basin belt discovered in China's sea and its adjacent areas

Sea area is an important area of oil and gas exploration in China.It has been found that China's sea area mainly consists of coal type oil and gas,and the exploration of coal-bearing series source rocks has become an important part of oil and gas exploration there.Through years of comprehensive geological research in China's sea area,it has been revealed that it has undergone multiple occurrences of tectonic opening and closing movements in varying degrees in the Paleogene,forming 26 Cenozoic sedimentary basins of various types,such as active continental margin,passive continental margin,transitional continental margin and drift rift basins.In the present study,it is observed for the first time that coal type source rocks are mainly developed in 14 continental margin basins in China's sea area,revealing that a very large C-shaped coal-bearing basin group developed there in the Cenozoic.Next,based on the coupling analysis of paleoclimate,paleobotany,paleogeography and paleostructure,it is observed that there are five coal-forming periods in China's sea area,namely the Paleocene,Eocene,early Oligocene,late Oligocene and Miocene-Pliocene,and the coal-forming age is gradually new from north to south.It is also found that the coal seams in the sea area are mainly developed in three coal-forming environments in Cenozoic,namely delta,fan delta and tidal flat-lagoon.The coal seams developed in different environments are characterized by thin thickness,many layers and poor stability.However,the coal-bearing series source rocks in China's sea area have a wide distribution range,very high thickness and large amount,thus forming a material basis for the formation of rich coal type oil and gas.

薛暮桥宏观经济管理思想的逻辑

薛暮桥治学的特色是面向实际经济工作,为解决工作中的问题而展开理论研究,进而以理论研究成果指导经济管理工作。他在货币与价格、社会主义所有制、价值规律、经济管理体制、宏观经济管理等方面的研究颇有建树。他的宏观经济管理思想的实践来源与应用对象是中国社会主义经济体制。价值规律在他的宏观经济管理思想中占有重要的地位。他认为计划与市场是对立统一的,主张运用物价、金融与财政政策工具进行宏观经济管理。在构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制的今天,他的宏观经济管理思想仍具有重要的现实意义。

RCEP关税削减的动态影响分析

量化评估RCEP关税削减对域内成员国和域外主要经济体的动态影响,对深化经贸合作和巩固建设全面战略伙伴关系具有重要意义。构建动态GTAP模型,模拟分析RCEP关税削减对域内成员国和域外主要经济体宏观经济的影响。研究发现,RCEP实施对中国、日本、韩国和澳大利亚经济增长具有正效应,特别是对韩国经济增长的拉动作用最强,对新西兰以及越南等东盟国家经济增长产生了负效应;RCEP实施后,中国、日本、韩国和澳大利亚投资水平有所提升,东盟国家的投资水平出现不同程度的下降。除中国、日本和韩国外,其他国家和地区的政府消费出现不同程度的减少,同时,中国、日本、韩国和澳大利亚等国的私人消费也有所增加。此外,从各国贸易变化情况来看,中国、日本、韩国、澳大利亚等国出现贸易逆差,但贸易逆差逐渐减小,东盟国家基本出现贸易顺差;中国、日本、韩国和澳大利亚等工业基础较好、经济发展水平较高的国家获得的红利较多,社会福利有所提高,新西兰社会福利经历“增加—减少—增加”的过程,东盟国家出口商品以农产品、矿产品等初级产品为主,获得的经济效益有限,甚至对经济增长产生负效应,导致社会福利水平降低。因此,应不断提升国家间商贸流通便利化水平,打造经贸合作新优势;重构区域内部产业链价值链,实现资源和商品的高效流动;推进产业转型升级,加强产业链供应链融合。

中国数字金融研究进展

数字金融是数字经济时代金融与科技深度融合的革命性产物,众多学者对数字金融的发展所产生的经济效应进行研究,论文采用文献梳理法对近两年来有关数字金融的文献进行梳理总结,发现数字金融对经济活动的影响是多维度的,主要涉及企业部门、银行部门、家庭部门和宏观经济等方面的研究。在对企业部门的影响方面,数字金融的发展解决了企业融资约束问题,提高了企业的全要素生产率、财务绩效和创新水平,推动企业实现高质量发展。在对银行部门的影响方面,数字金融的发展提高了银行的经营效率、盈利能力和创新水平,促使银行更好地服务于实体经济。在对家庭部门的影响方面,数字金融提升了家庭金融资产组合的配置效率,提高了居民收入水平和消费水平,降低了农村家庭的贫困程度。在对农业部门的影响方面,数字金融推动了农村经济的高质量发展、提升了农村居民的收入水平和消费水平。在对宏观经济的影响方面,数字金融促进了产业结构升级、提高了货币政策的有效性,推动经济高质量发展。

中国超硬材料行业2023年运行报告

依托2023年国家宏观经济统计数据,对中国超硬产业进行深入分析,并结合中国、美国、欧洲和日本等地海关统计的进出口数据,探讨中国超硬材料行业的整体发展情况及其同国际先进水平的比较。研究发现:在国家宏观制造业表现出较强韧性、稳步增长的大背景下,我国超硬行业仍然面临较大的压力,整体指标不及预期,发展相对缓慢。下游市场的积极因素以光伏电池产量显著增长为代表,消极因素包括培育钻石市场低迷。除宝石级单晶和线锯产品外,其他产品均有单价上涨的情况出现,代表性企业的产品单价增幅普遍在10%~20%。部分超硬商品进出口单价悬殊,其在高端应用领域仍然有较大的发展潜力。

中国宏观经济报告(2023年):从分化到平衡增长

2023年中国宏观经济持续恢复向好,高质量发展扎实推进。生产生活秩序修复是2023年经济复苏的主要动力,突出问题是市场内生性总需求不足,信心恢复缓慢。总需求不足背后有资产负债表冲击等周期性问题,更重要的是结构性原因。进一步深究,结构性问题背后是我国经济处于从以增量扩能为主向调整存量与做优增量并存的深度调整转轨期,宏观治理体系和地方政府行为模式还未能全面适应,政策的合力和传导效率下降。2024年依然处于党的二十大召开后的红利窗口期、新一轮政府机构改革和国有企业改革落地实施期、新技术推动国产替代的突破期和周期性因素筑底后的上行期。伴随着周期性力量见底回升和新动能逐渐集聚,各行业有望从分化状态进入平衡增长阶段。

Enhanced Cooling Efficiency of Urban Trees on Hotter Summer Days in 70 Cities of China

Increasing the urban tree cover percentage(TCP) is widely recognized as an efficient way to mitigate the urban heat island effect. The cooling efficiency of urban trees can be either enhanced or attenuated on hotter days, depending on the physiological response of urban trees to rising ambient temperature. However, the response of urban trees' cooling efficiency to rising urban temperature remains poorly quantified for China's cities. In this study, we quantify the response of urban trees' cooling efficiency to rising urban temperature at noontime [~1330 LT(local time), LT=UTC+8] in 17summers(June, July, and August) from 2003–19 in 70 economically developed cities of China based on satellite observations. The results show that urban trees have stronger cooling efficiency with increasing temperature, suggesting additional cooling benefits provided by urban trees on hotter days. The enhanced cooling efficiency values of urban trees range from 0.002 to 0.055℃ %-1 per 1℃ increase in temperature across the selected cities, with larger values for the lowTCP-level cities. The response is also regulated by background temperature and precipitation, as the additional cooling benefit tends to be larger in warmer and wetter cities at the same TCP level. The positive response of urban trees' cooling efficiency to rising urban temperature is explained mainly by the stronger evapotranspiration of urban trees on hotter days.These results have important implications for alleviating urban heat risk by utilizing urban trees, particularly considering that extreme hot days are becoming more frequent in cities under global warming.

Surveillance of Hand,Foot,and Mouth Disease in China's Mainland (2008-2009)

Objective Since HFMD was designated as a class C communicable disease in May 2008,18 months surveillance data have been accumulated to December 2009.This article was to describe the distribution of HFMD for age,sex,area,and time between 2008 and 2009,to reveal the characteristics of the epidemic.Methods We analyzed weekly reported cases of HFMD from May 2008 to December 2009,and presented data on the distribution of age,sex,area and time.A discrete Poisson model was used to detect spatial-temporal clusters of HFMD.Results More than 1 065 000 cases of HFMD were reported in China's Mainland from May 2008 to December 2009 （total incidence：12.47 per 10 000）.Male incidence was higher than female for all ages and 91.9% of patients were 5 years old.The incidence was highest in Beijing,Shanghai,Zhejiang and Hainan.The highest peak of HFMD cases was in April and the number of cases remained high from April to August.The spatial-temporal distribution detected four clusters.Conclusion Children 5 years old were susceptible to HFMD and we should be aware of their vulnerability.The incidence was higher in urban than rural areas,and an annual pandemic usually starts in April.

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric and colorectal cancer in China's Mainland

AIM:To investigate the current status of peritoneal carcinomatosis(PC) management,as well as the usage of cytoreductive surgery(CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC) in China's Mainland.METHODS:A potentially curative therapeutic strategy for selecting patients with PC,known as "Techniques",consists of CRS in combination with HIPEC.A systemic search of published works and clinical trials was performed.Additional papers were retrieved by crosschecking references and obtaining information from Chinese oncologists and relevant conferences.One hundred and one papers and one registered clinical trial on HIPEC were included.RESULTS:A literature review identified 86 hospitals in 25 out of all 31 areas of China's Mainland that perform HIPEC.The earliest report included in our survey was published in 1993.Different approaches to HIPEC have been utilized,i.e.palliative,prophylactic,and possiblycurative treatment.Only one center has consistently performed HIPEC according to the "Sugarbaker Protocol",which involves evaluating the extent of PC with peritoneal cancer index and the results of CRS with the completeness of cytoreduction.Positive preliminary results were reported:7 of 21 patients with PC survived,free of tumors,during an 8-43-mo follow-up period.Hyperthermic strategies that include HIPEC have been practiced for a long time in China's Mainland,whereas the "Sugarbaker Protocol/Techniques" has been only rarely implemented in China.The Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International hosts a biannual workshop with the intent to train more specialists in this field and provide support for the construction of quality treatment centers,especially in developing countries like China,whose population is huge and has a dramatically increased incidence of cancer.CONCLUSION:To popularize Sugarbaker Protocol/Techniques in China's Mainland in PC management arising from gastric cancer or colorectal cancer will be the responsibility of the upcoming Chinese Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group.

The Mars rover subsurface penetrating radar onboard China's Mars 2020 mission

China's Mars probe,named Tianwen-1,including an orbiter and a landing rover,will be launched during the July-August 2020 Mars launch windows.Selected to be among the rover payloads is a Subsurface Penetrating Radar module(RoSPR).The main scientific objective of the RoSPR is to characterize the thickness and sub-layer distribution of the Martian soil.The RoSPR consists of two channels.The low frequency channel of the RoSPR will penetrate the Martian soil to depths of 10 to 100 m with a resolution of a few meters.The higher frequency channel will penetrate to a depth of 3 to 10 m with a resolution of a few centimeters.This paper describes the design of the instrument and some results of field experiments.

Technical foundation research on high resolution remote sensing system of China's coastal zone

China's coastal zone is a region with a highly developed economy that contrasts clearly with the slow paced regular investigation on its natural environment,which cannot keep pace with the requirement of economic development and modern management.Laying a theoretical foundation for the modern management of China's costal zone is aimed at. This research focuses on the following processing and analyzing technologies for coastal zone high-resolution remote sensing data: organization and management of large amounts of high-resolution remote sensing data, quick and precise spatial positioning system,algorithms for image fusion in feature level and coastal zone feature extraction. They will form a technical foundation of the system. And, if combined with other research results such as coastal zone remote sensing classification system and its mapping subsystem, an advanced technical frame for remote sensing investigation of coastal zone resource will be constructed.

Modeling the impacts of climate change on China's agriculture

The impacts of climate change on China's agriculture are measured based on Ricardian model. By using county-level cross-sectional data on agricultural net revenue, climate, and other economic and geographical data for 1275 agriculture-dominated counties in the period of 1985-1991, we find that both higher temperature and more precipitation will have overall positive impact on China's agriculture. However, the impacts vary seasonally and regionally. Higher temperature in all seasons except spring increases agricultural net revenue while more precipitation is beneficial in winter but is harmful in summer. Applying the model to five climate scenarios in the 2020s and 2050s shows that the North, the Northeast, the Northwest, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau would always benefit from climate change while the South and the Southwest may be negatively affected. For the East and the Central China, most scenarios show that they may benefit from climate change. In conclusion, climate change would be beneficial to the whole China.

Construction and implementation of multisource spatial data management system of China's coastal zone and offshore

To meet the increasing demand of national spatial database infrastructure construction and application, a concept model of China's coastal zone scientific data platform is established based on the information feature analysis of a compound dataset, consisting of remote sensing data and conventional data. Based on this concept model, the detailed logical database structure and the storage strategy of remote sensing data and their metadata using ArcSDE are designed. The complicated technology of multisources data combination in this research is crucial to the future coastal zone and offshore database construction and practical running, which will provide intelligent information analysis and technological service for coastal zone and offshore investigation, research, development and management.

Overview of China's Antarctic research progress 1984–2016

It is more than 30 years since the first Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) landed in Antarctica in 1984, representing China’s initiation in polar research. This review briefly summarizes the Chinese Antarctic scientific research and output accomplished over the past 30 years. The developments and progress in Antarctic research and the enhancement of international scientific cooperation achieved through the implementation of the CHINARE program have been remarkable. Since the 1980 s, four permanent Chinese Antarctic research stations have been established successively and 33 CHINAREs have been completed. The research results have been derived from a series of spatiotemporal observations in association with various projects and multidisciplinary studies in the fields of oceanography, glaciology, geology, geophysics, geochemistry, atmospheric science, upper atmospheric physics, Antarctic astronomy, biology and ecology, human medicine, polar environment observation, and polar engineering.

Adaptation strategy for sea level rise in vulnerable areasalong China's coast

It can be seen from the calculation that the vulnerable area along China's coast in which the elevation is less than 5 m, is 143 900 km2, accounting for about 11. 3% of the total area of the 11 coastal provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. These areas are threatened to varying extent by sea level rise. According to prediction, the relative sea level rise (including global sea level rise caused by climate change and local relative as level rise caused by vertical crust movement and ground subsidence) along China's coast will be 4～16 cm by the year 2030 with the optimum estimated value of 6～14cm. It will be 9～26 cm by the year 2050 with the optimum estimated value of 12-23 cm. And it will be 31-74 cm by the year 2100 with the optimum estimated value of 47～65 cm. The calcuation result shows that the percentage of the cost for up-grading (heightening and consolidating) sea dykes/walls in adaptation strategy in the losses of submerged areas varies from area to area: 6. 9% in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Deta, 1. 3% ～24. 6% in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta, and 0. 9%～2. 0% in the Huanghe River Delta.

Climatic fluctuation and disasters during recent years in China's tropics

The temperature appeared rising trend during the 20th century in China's tropics. Two cooling stages and two warming stages in the process of climatic fluctuation can be recognized. After the 1980s the climate is the warmest which corresponds to the global change, but the warmest period is the 1940s in Kunming. The climate pattern mostly appears contemporaneity of warming and humidity, which is different from the situation of whole China. The natural disasters tend to be aggravated. The number of typhoons increased. Flood damages occurred frequently in the years of more typhoons. The number of droughts and cold damages increased. It was snowed in Guangzhou. There was frost in Haikou and Yaxian. Four years of heavy snow have been recorded in Kunming.